The rs1990760 polymorphism within the IFIH1 locus is not associated with Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Addison's disease

Background: Three genes have been confirmed as major joint susceptibility genes for endocrine autoimmune disease:human leukocyte antigen class II, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22. Recent studies showed that a genetic variation within the interferon induced helicase domain 1 (IFIH1) locus (rs1990760 polymorphism) is an additional risk factor in type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease (GD). Methods: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the rs1990760 polymorphism within the IFIH1 gene in German patients with GD (n=258), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT,n=106), Addison's disease (AD,n=195) and healthy controls (HC,n=227) as well as in 55 GD families (165 individuals, German) and 100 HT families (300 individuals, Italian). Furthermore, the interaction between rs1990760 polymorphism with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk haplotype DQ2(DQA*0501-DQB*0201), the risk haplotypes DQ2/DQ8 (DQA*0301-DQB*0302) and the status of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) in patients and families were analysed. Results:No significant differences were found between the allele and genotype frequencies for rs1990760 IFIH1 polymorphism in patients with GD, HT, AD and HC. Also no differences were observed when stratifying the IFIH1 rs1990760 polymorphism for gender, presence or absence of thyroid antibodies (GD:TRAb and HT:TPOAb/TgAb) and HLA risk haplotypes (DQ2:for GD and HT, DQ2/DQ8:for AD). Furthermore the transmission analysis in GD and HT families revealed no differences in alleles transmission for rs1990760 IFIH1 from parents with or without HLA risk haplotype DQ2 to the affected offspring. In contrast, by dividing the HT parents according to the presence or absence of thyroid Ab titers, mothers and fathers both positive for TPOAb/TgAb overtransmitted the allele A of IFIH1 rs1990760 to their HT affected offspring (61.8% vs 38.2%;p=0.05;corrected p [pc]=0.1). However, these associations did not remain statistically significant after correction of the p-values. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggest, no contribution from IFIH1 rs1990760 polymorphism to the pathogenesis of either Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Addison's disease in our study populations. However, in order to exclude a possible influence of the studied polymorphism in specified subgroups within patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, further investigations in larger populations are needed

Oliver-McFarlane syndrome: mutations of PNPLA6 and follow-up of 30 years in two brothers

51st Conference of the European-Society-of-Human-Genetics (ESHG) in conjunction with the European Meeting on Psychosocial Aspects of Genetics (EMPAG), Milan, ITALY, JUN 16-19, 2018International audienc

La metformine est associée à une moindre mortalité chez les patients diabétiques hospitalisés pour la COVID-19

International audienceMetformin exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. We addressed the impact of prior metformin use on the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19. We used data from the nationwide observational CORONADO cohort that included patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 between March 10 and April 10, 2020 in 68 French centres. The primary outcome was combined tracheal intubation and/or death within 7 days of admission. A Kaplan\textendash Meier survival curve was reported for death up to day 28. The association between metformin use and outcomes was then estimated in a logistic regression analysis after applying propensity score weighting approach to account for treatment allocation. Among the 2449 patients included, 1496 were metformin users and 953 were not. Compared with non-users, metformin users were younger with a lower prevalence of diabetic complications, but had more severe features of COVID-19 at admission. The most striking feature was a lower mortality rate in metformin users vs. non-users on day 7 (8.2 % vs. 16.1 %, respectively; P \textexclamdown 0.0001) and on day 28 (16.0 % vs. 28.6 %, respectively: P \textexclamdown 0.0001), even after propensity score weighting was applied. Randomised, controlled studies are now needed in order to confirm the benefits associated with metformin and to establish to what extent these protective effects, if any, can be generalised to non-diabetic patients with COVID-19. \textcopyright 2021 Elsevier Masson SA

Coxsackievirus-B4E2 can infect monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo

International audienceViral RNA (vRNA) is found in mice inoculated with coxsackievirus-B4E2 (CV-B4E2). The CV-B4E2 infection of murine spleen cells in vitro is enhanced with CV-B4E2-infected mouse serum. It has been investigated whether monocyte/macrophages were targets of CV-B4E2 in mice. vRNA has been detected in spleen and bone marrow of infected animals. The levels of vRNA were higher in CD14 + cells than in CD14- spleen cells and in F4/80- cells than in F4/80 + spleen cells. Meanwhile, CD14 + cells and F4/80- cells were more permissive to CV-B4E2 in vitro and the infection was enhanced when the virus was mixed with immune serum. While CV-B4E2 infected BMDM cultures (98% F4/80 +); however, the immune serum did not enhance the infection. In conclusion, CV-B4E2 infects monocytes (CD14 +, F4/80-) and macrophages (CD14 +, F4/80 +) in vivo and immune serum can enhance the in vitro infection of these cells arising out of the spleen

Traitement par témozolomide des tumeurs hypophysaires agressives et carcinomes hypophysaires : résultats à court et long terme à partir d’une cohorte française de 31 patients

National audienceIntroduction Le traitement par témozolomide permet une réponse dans 40 à 50 % des tumeurs hypophysaires agressives ou carcinomes, les données à long terme restent rares. Objectif Étudier la réponse précoce (3–6 cycles) et le devenir des patients traités par témozolomide en France à partir d’une enquête rétrospective. Résultats Trente et un patients (F/M = 10/21) : 20 adénomes, 11 carcinomes, 16ACTH, 10PRL, 2GH, 2GH/PRL, 1 non fonctionnel ont bénéficié d’une médiane de 6 cycles (3–24), avec un suivi médian de 18 mois (0–72) après la fin du traitement. La tolérance était correcte (thrombopénie n = 4 ; pancytopénie n = 3). L’âge médian au diagnostic était 40,5 ans (13–76), le délai avant traitement de 6 ans (0–18). Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’une radiothérapie, 27/31 d’une exérèse chirurgicale (1–5). Le TMZ a été initié à la dose de 150–200 mg/j 5 jours par mois, associé à une radiothérapie dans 5 cas. La réponse initiale était bonne : 17/31 (54.8 %), avec des taux similaires entre ACTH (56 %), PRL (50 %), plus importants pour les adénomes (65 %) que les carcinomes (36 %). En fin de traitement, une réponse se poursuivait chez 12/17 après 7,5 (5–24) cycles, 3 patients (ACTH) étaient toujours en rémission après 24 mois (12–36). Tous les seconds essais de témozolomide ont été des échecs (n = 6). Il n’y avait pas de réponse après 5,5 (3–18) cycles chez les 14 non répondeurs avec un taux de décès de 8/14 cas résistants comparativement à 2/17 répondeurs. Conclusion La réponse initiale au témozolomide est satisfaisante mais le maintien du contrôle tumoral sur le long terme rare. La meilleure stratégie thérapeutique pour ces tumeurs hypophysaire reste à défini

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID

International audienceBackground Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing pandemic, with four million confirmed cases and 280 000 deaths at the time of writing. Some studies have suggested that diabetes is associated with a greater risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the clinical features and outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with vs without diabetes. Methods All consecutive adult patients admitted to Amiens University Hospital (Amiens, France) with confirmed COVID-19 up until April 21st, 2020, were included. The composite primary endpoint comprised admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and death. Both components were also analysed separately in a logistic regression analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 433 patients (median age: 72; 238 (55%) men; diabetes: 115 (26.6%)) were included. Most of the deaths occurred in non-ICU units and among older adults. Multivariate analyses showed that diabetes was associated neither with the primary endpoint (odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-1.90) nor with mortality (hazard ratio: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.40-1.34) but was associated with ICU admission (OR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.09-3.92,P= .027) and a longer length of hospital stay. Age was negatively associated with ICU admission and positively associated with death. Conclusions Diabetes was prevalent in a quarter of the patients hospitalized with COVID-19; it was associated with a greater risk of ICU admission but not with a significant elevation in mortality. Further investigation of the relationship between COVID-19 severity and diabetes is warranted