Probiotics: An Adjuvant therapy for D-Galactose induced Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder which has become a major health concern worldwide. The literature has shown that oxidative stress is one of the most important risk factors behind the cause of AD. Oxidative stress often leads to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). D-Galactose, a physiological nutrient and reducing sugar, non-enzymatically reacts with amines of amino acids in proteins and peptides to form Advanced Glycation End products which activate its receptors coupled to Biochemical pathways that stimulate free radical production and induces mitochondrial dysfunction which damages the neuron intracellularly. High dosage of D-Galactose also suppresses the expression of nerve growth factors and its associated protein which results in the degeneration of nerve cells and reduction of acetylcholine levels in brain regions. This article put forwards the advantages of using Lactic Acid Bacteria (Probiotics) possessing anti-oxidant properties and which produces Acetyl Choline against D-Galactose induced Alzheimer’s disease

Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Surat: a source of profound concern

Background: The discussion around COVID-19 vaccines has been in the limelight ever since the announcement was made for mass vaccination campaign in India. Less is known about undergraduate medical students’ perception and willingness towards getting COVID-19 vaccination. The aim of the study was to assess reasons for the apprehension if present towards taking the COVID-19 vaccines among medical students and to spread awareness about the ongoing issue.Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional, survey-based study which was conducted at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat, Gujarat, India. Questionnaire was distributed among medical students during lectures and exam going students were sent Google form link. Data collection was done from February to March 2021, and 550 students submitted the forms.Results: While 34.9% students had taken the vaccine voluntarily, category I (acceptance group); 18.2% students were initially hesitant to take the vaccine, but later took it, category II (hesitant group); the frequency increased to 46.9% students who are still hesitant and have not taken the vaccine, category III (refusal group). Top reasons for hesitancy were: concern regarding adverse events (69%), safety (60%) and lack of scientific data (27%) provided for the vaccines.Conclusions: This study revealed that there was lack of knowledge and positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccines among the non-vaccinated students. This evaluation has guided the importance and the need of targeted educational program to address the knowledge gap

Structural, optical, and dielectric properties of A[(Mg0.32Co0.02) Nb0.66]O3 semiconductor, where (A = Ba, Sr or Ca)

Structural optical and dielectric properties of single phase A[(Mg0.32Co0.02) Nb0.66]O3, where A = Ba, Sr, or Ca, compounds were studied in the temperature range from room temperature (293 K) to 458 K. The X-ray diffraction revealed that the Ba[(Mg0.32Co0.02)Nb0.66]O3 [BMCN] compounds exhibit hexagonal symmetry whereas Sr[(Mg0.32Co0.02)Nb0.66]O3 [SMCN] and Ca[(Mg0.32Co0.02)Nb0.66]O3 [CMCN] compounds exhibit monoclinic symmetry. The replacement of Barium (r = 1.61 Å) by smaller ions like Strontium (r = 1.44 Å) or Calcium (r = 1.34 Å) in the polar dielectric Ba[(Mg0.32Co0.02) Nb0.66]O3 introduces the relaxation phenomenon and a gradual increase in the transition temperature maximum (Tm). The ac conductivity, as determined from the dielectric data, as a function of temperature and frequency, reveals the crossover from small polaron tunneling (SPT) to correlated barrier hopping (CBH) type conduction at » 370 K. The activation energy of the non-Debye type process evaluated both from the electric modulus and the conductivity data are nearly identical suggesting similarity in the hopping mechanism. The band gap of these materials lies in the range of narrow to wide band semi conductors. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2206

Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing of CIGS Thin Film as an Absorber Layer

The influence of rapid post-deposition thermal annealing (500 °C for 2 minutes) on the CIGS thin films of different thicknesses (0.4 to 1.0 m) has been investigated. The deposition of CIGS is carried out using the flash evaporation at the substrate temperature of 250 °C. The as-grown and annealed CIGS is characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, optical transmission, reflection, and electrical measurements. Lowering the thickness of CIGS absorber shows the remarkable influence on crystal structure, surface morphology, and composition of the overall film. Further improvement was observed by the rapid annealing process. Cu-rich composition was observed for annealed CIGS thin film having a thickness below 0.6 μm, while for 1.0 m thickness the composition is slightly Cu-poor and the compactly packed faceted grains observed. Optical band gap near to 1.05 eV and the electrical resistivity in the order of 104 Ωcm shows its future use as an absorber layer for CIGS solar cell. Furthermore, an attempt of making CIGS / CdS hetero-structure shows ideal behavior of the Schottky hetero-structure with the ideality factor of 1.5. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3100

Hypoglycemia in carbon monoxide poisoning: A case report

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common presentation in the Emergency Department. The clinical presentation runs a spectrum, ranging from headache and dizziness to coma and death, with a mortality rate ranging from 1 to 3 %. Administration of normobaric 100% oxygen is the therapy of choice for most cases, while hyperbaric oxygen therapy is reserved for severe poisoning. Hyperglycemia is commonly seen with this poisoning but the association of hypoglycemia is not well described in human studies. Here, we present the case of hypoglycemia in carbon monoxide poisoning with good clinical outcome in a 22-year-old male

Lactic dehydrogenase as a biochemical marker of adverse pregnancy outcome in severe pre-eclampsia, Gujarat

Background: Serum LDH levels can be used to assess the extent of cellular death and thereby the severity of disease in this group of women. This will help in making decision, about the management guidelines to the better the maternal and fetal outcome. Objective of present study was compare serum LDH levels in the normal pregnant women and in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia in ante-partum period and to study the association of maternal and perinatal outcomes with serum LDH levels.Methods: It is a prospective study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology department, GMERS medical college and civil hospital, Gandhinagar during August-September 2016. Participants were divided into four groups according to severity of disease and into three groups according to serum LDH level.Results: Mean level of LDH (IU/l) in Control, Mild pre-eclampsia, Severe pre-eclampsia & Eclampsia was 302.33, 398.56, 675.26 & 1589.85 respectively. Out of total 34 cases with LDH level >800 IU/L, 47.1% cases had ≥160 mm hg SBP & 52.9% had ≥110 mm hg DBP, mean gestational age and mean baby weight was 36.88 week and 1950 gm, mean apgar score at 10 min was 6.96, 47.1% had uneventful outcome, whereas 58.8% had neonatal complications and 5.9% had neonatal death. Almost 26.5% still births, 47.1% perinatal deaths.Conclusions: Higher serum LDH levels during pregnancy have significant association with severity of disease and maternal and fetal outcomes in patients of preeclampsia and eclampsia and can be considered as a supportive prognostic tool from early third trimester