55 research outputs found

    Biologically active Phytophthora mating hormone prepared by catalytic asymmetric total synthesis

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    A Phytophthora mating hormone with an array of 1,5-stereogenic centers has been synthesized by using our recently developed methodology of catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of Grignard reagents. We applied this methodology in a diastereo- and enantioselective iterative route and obtained two of the 16 possible stereoisomers of Phytophthora hormone α1. These synthetic stereoisomers induced the formation of sexual spores (oospores) in A2 mating type strains of three heterothallic Phytophthora species, P. infestans, P. capsici, and P. nicotianae but not in A1 mating type strains. The response was concentration-dependent, and the oospores were viable. These results demonstrate that the biological activity of the synthetic hormone resembles that of the natural hormone α1. Mating hormones are essential components in the sexual life cycle of a variety of organisms. For plant pathogens like Phytophthora, sexual reproduction is important as a source of genetic variation. Moreover, the thick-walled oospores are the most durable propagules that can survive harsh environmental conditions. Sexual reproduction can thus greatly affect disease epidemics. The availability of synthetic compounds mimicking the activity of Phytophthora mating hormone will be instrumental for further unravelling sexual reproduction in this important group of plant pathogens.

    Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on (Health) Care Situation of People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany (Care4PD)

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    The Care4PD study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care situation of people (PwP) with Parkinson’s disease in Germany. A comprehensive, nationwide, anonymous questionnaire for PwP was distributed by the members’ journal of the German Parkinson’s Disease Association and in several PD specialized in- and outpatient institutions. PwP subjectively evaluated their general care situation and individual impairments during the pandemic. We analyzed 1269 eligible out of 1437 returned questionnaires (88.3%) and compared PwP with (p-LTC) and without (np-LTC) professional long-term care. Both groups rated the general pandemic-related consequences as being rather mild to moderate (e.g., worsening of symptom or concerns). However, familial/social contact restrictions were indicated as most compromising, whereas access to outpatient professional health care providers was less affected. PwP with professional LTC reported more impairment than those without. COVID-19 vaccination rates and acceptance were generally high (p-LTC: 64.3%, np-LTC: 52.3%) at the time of the study, but realization of sanitary measures—especially wearing masks as a patient during care sessions—still needs to be improved. Technical options for telemedicine were principally available but only rarely used. Altogether, during the COVID-19 pandemic, PwP in Germany seemed to have a relatively stable health care access, at least in outpatient settings, while mainly social isolation compromised them. The p-LTC group was more impaired in everyday live compared with the np-LTC group

    Síntesis asimétrica de éteres cíclicos disustituidos y aplicación a la síntesis de productos naturales

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    Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Orgånica. Fecha de lectura: 28-11-2003Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire .décrivent le développement d'une nouvelle voie d'accés asymétrique aux éthers cycliques å 5, 6, 7 et 8 membres cis-disubstitués, dont les centres chiraux sont en a de part et d'autre de l'oxygéne du cycle. Cette méthodologie a été mise au point en associant deux procédés trés efficaces: la réduction stéréocontrolée de pcétosulfoxydes énantiopurs, par le DIBAL ou le systéme DIBAL/ZnBr2 , et la cyclisation réductrice d'hydroxycétones énantiomériquement pures, facilement accessibles å partir de ces premiers, par le systéme TMSOTf/Et3 SiH. Cette approche s'est révélée étre hautement énantiosélective dans le cas des tétrahydrofurannes, des tétrahydropyrannes et des oxépanes. En outre, elle a été appliquée å la synthése totale de deux produits naturels tétrahydropyranniques, la (-)-Centrolobine et l'acide (2S,6S)-cis-6-(méthyltétrahydropyran-2- yl)acétique, qui ont été obtenus avec un excés énantiomérique supérieur å 98%. De plus, la synthése asymétrique de la (-)-Centrolobine a permis de revoir la configuration absolue du composé naturel. Pour chaque taille de cycle, nous nous sommes intéressés å la synthése d'hétérocycles oxygénés présentant en position 2 soit un substituant alkyle, soit un substituant aryle, afin d'étudier les potentialités de notre méthode de cyclisation réductrice. Ces éthers cycliques étaient décrits dans la Iittérature et il nous était alors possible de vérifier les configurations absolues et relatives des deux centres chiraux par corrélation de configuration. Nous avons pu constaté que, si I'ordre d'addition des réactifs lors de l'étape de cyclisation peut étre déterminant dans le cas des tétrahydropyrannes et des tétrahydrofurannes, il n'a, en revanche, pas vraiment d'influence sur la réaction de cyclisation réductrice lors de la formation des oxépanes. Enfin, si l'étape de réduction stéréocontrolée d'a-alky1-13-cétosulfoxydes vers la formation d'oxocanes 2,8-disubstitués, tels que le (+) et le (-)-cis-Lauthisan, a été trés satisfaisante en termes de rendement et de diastéréosélectivité, l'étape de cyclisation réductrice ne s'est pas avérée étre aussi efficace, les rendements ne dépassant pas 40%. Ces résultats peuvent toutefois étre jugés comme étant satisfaisants, compte tenu de la difficulté générale d'obtention des éthers cycliques å 8 membres par cyclisation directe

    LĂšvres mordues / Alain Des Mazery

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    Collection : Chemins profonds ; 183Collection : Chemins profonds ; 183Contient une table des matiĂšresAvec mode text

    SynthÚse asymétrique d'éthers cycliques disubstitués et application à la synthÚse de produits naturels

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    Les travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire dĂ©crivent le dĂ©veloppement d'une nouvelle voie d'accĂšs asymĂ©trique aux Ă©thers cycliques Ă  5, 6, 7 et 8 membres a et a'-cis-disubstituĂ©s. Cette mĂ©thodologie a Ă©tĂ© mise au point en associant deux procĂ©dĂ©s trĂšs efficaces: la rĂ©duction stĂ©rĂ©ocontrolĂ©e de b-cĂ©tosulfoxydes Ă©nantiopurs, par le DIBAL ou le systĂšme DIBAL/ZnBr2, et la cyclisation rĂ©ductrice d'hydroxycĂ©tones Ă©nantiopures, facilement accessibles Ă  partir de ces premiers, par le systĂšme TMSOTf/Et3SiH. Cette approche s'est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e ĂȘtre hautement Ă©nantiosĂ©lective dans le cas des cycles Ă  5, 6 et 7 membres. De plus, elle a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e Ă  la synthĂšse totale de deux produits naturels tĂ©trahydropyranniques, la (-)-Centrolobine et l'acide (2S,6S)-cis-(6-mĂ©thyltĂ©trahydropyran-2-yl)acĂ©tique, qui ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus avec un excĂšs Ă©nantiomĂ©rique supĂ©rieur Ă  98%. En outre, la synthĂšse asymĂ©trique de la (-)-Centrolobine a permis de revoir la configuration absolue du composĂ© naturel. Pour chaque taille de cycle, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  la synthĂšse d'Ă©thers prĂ©sentant en position a soit un substituant alkyle, soit un substituant aryle, afin d'Ă©tudier les potentialitĂ©s de notre mĂ©thode de cyclisation rĂ©ductrice. Ces Ă©thers cycliques Ă©taient dĂ©crits dans la littĂ©rature et il nous Ă©tait alors possible de vĂ©rifier les configurations absolues et relatives des deux centres chiraux par corrĂ©lation de configuration. Enfin, si l'Ă©tape de rĂ©duction stĂ©rĂ©ocontrĂŽlĂ©e d'a-alkyl-b-cĂ©tosulfoxydes vers la formation d'oxocanes 2,8-disubstituĂ©s, tels que le (+) et le (-)-cis-Lauthisan, a Ă©tĂ© trĂšs satisfaisante en termes de rendement et de diastĂ©rĂ©osĂ©lectivitĂ©, l'Ă©tape de cyclisation rĂ©ductrice ne s'est pas avĂ©rĂ©e ĂȘtre aussi efficace, les rendements ne dĂ©passant pas 40%. Ces rĂ©sultats peuvent toutefois ĂȘtre jugĂ©s comme Ă©tant satisfaisants, compte tenu de la difficultĂ© gĂ©nĂ©rale d'obtention des Ă©thers cycliques Ă  8 membres par cyclisation directe.In this work, we reported the development of a new way of access to 5, 6, 7 and 8-membered a, a'-cis-disubstituted cyclic ethers. This methodology was elaborated combining two very effective processes: the stereocontrolled reduction of enantiopure b-ketosulfoxides, with DIBAL or the DIBAL/ZnBr2 system, and the reductive cyclization of enantiomerically pure hydroxyketones, easily accessible from the formers, with the TMSOTf/Et3SiH system. This approach turned out to be highly enantioselective in the case of 5, 6 and 7-membered rings. Besides, it was applied to the total synthesis of two tetrahydropyranic natural products, (2S,6S)-cis-(6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl)acetic acid and (-)-Centrolobine, which were obtained with an enantiomeric excess greater than 98%. Moreover, the asymmetric synthesis of (-)-Centrolobine allowed us to revise the absolute configuration of the natural compound. For each ring size, we were interested in the synthesis of oxygenated heterocycles bearing in position a either an alkyl substituent, or an aryl substituent, in order to study the potentialities of our ring-forming step. These cyclic ethers were described, so it was possible to check the absolute and relative configurations of both chiral centres by chemical correlation. Finally, if the stereocontrolled reduction step of a-alkyl-b-ketosulfoxides towards the formation of 2,8-disubstituted oxocanes, such as (+) and (-)-cis-Lauthisan, was very satisfactory in terms of yield and diastereoselectivity, the reductive cyclization step was not so effective, as yields did not exceed 40%. These results can however be regarded as satisfactory ones, considering the well-known difficulty in obtaining 8-membered cyclic ethers by direct cyclization.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceSpainFRE

    Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on (Health) Care Situation of People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany (Care4PD)

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    The Care4PD study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care situation of people (PwP) with Parkinson’s disease in Germany. A comprehensive, nationwide, anonymous questionnaire for PwP was distributed by the members’ journal of the German Parkinson’s Disease Association and in several PD specialized in- and outpatient institutions. PwP subjectively evaluated their general care situation and individual impairments during the pandemic. We analyzed 1269 eligible out of 1437 returned questionnaires (88.3%) and compared PwP with (p-LTC) and without (np-LTC) professional long-term care. Both groups rated the general pandemic-related consequences as being rather mild to moderate (e.g., worsening of symptom or concerns). However, familial/social contact restrictions were indicated as most compromising, whereas access to outpatient professional health care providers was less affected. PwP with professional LTC reported more impairment than those without. COVID-19 vaccination rates and acceptance were generally high (p-LTC: 64.3%, np-LTC: 52.3%) at the time of the study, but realization of sanitary measures—especially wearing masks as a patient during care sessions—still needs to be improved. Technical options for telemedicine were principally available but only rarely used. Altogether, during the COVID-19 pandemic, PwP in Germany seemed to have a relatively stable health care access, at least in outpatient settings, while mainly social isolation compromised them. The p-LTC group was more impaired in everyday live compared with the np-LTC group
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