Gender Difference in Perception of Masculine and Feminine Gender Roles among Primary Schools Children

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is statistically significant gender difference in perception of masculine and feminine gender roles. Data were collected from 156 randomly selected respondents from Burayu Primary and Lalisies Talent Schools Oromia regional state Ethiopia. The reliability and face validity questionnaire was checked via pilot test. The results revealed that a substantial sex difference in perception of gender roles. That means females are socialized to be more feminine than males are. However, both sexes did not differ significantly with respect to perception of masculine gender role. Implications of the results for practice and future research are discussed. Keywords: Burayu, Children, Gender role perception, Primary School

Determinants of National Saving in Ethiopia

This research investigates the determinants of national saving in Ethiopia over the period 1984-2014. The main objective of the study is to identify the major factors that determine national saving in Ethiopia. The ordinary least square estimation method is used to arrive at the results of the study. The result of the long run and short run models revealed that Real Gross Domestic product, investment, consumption and inflation have shown similar relationship in both models. Real Gross Demotic product is the only factor which affects national saving significantly and positively. Other factors, which positively affect national saving, are not much significant. Example, investment, consumption and inflation are factors which affects national saving both positively and in significantly in the end. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-21-04 Publication date: November 30th 202

Serological investigation of brucellosis and its association with abortion in sheep and goats in selected districts of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiop

The occurrence of brucellosis in different species of livestock has been reported from different parts of Ethiopia, however, the serostatus and risk factors of this disease in small ruminants is not well documented in southwestern parts of the country. This study was conducted from October 2016 to October 2017 to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis as well as its association with abortion in sheep and goats in selected districts of Jimma zone. A total of 804 small ruminants (402 sheep and 402 goats) were randomly selected and blood samples were collected for serological tests. The presence of antibody to Brucella was screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test and confirmed using the complement fixation test. Seroprevalence of 4.2% in sheep and 5.2% in goats was recorded in this study. An overall seroprevalence of 4.7% was recorded in small ruminants in the study areas. Brucella seropositivity was observed more frequently among sheep and goats with a history of abortion (6.7%) than animals that have no history of abortion (3.7%), however, the difference noted was not statistically significant. Older age (OR 3.9, CI = 1.43-9.94), pregnancy (OR 2.6, CI = 1.19-5.72), late term gestation (OR 2.4, CI = 1.54-3.78), mixed flock (OR 2.8, CI = 1.33-5.89) and larger flock size (OR 2.7, CI = 1.08-6.95) were noted to have more number of reactors. Hence, it is important to consider brucellosis as one of the diseases that needs attention and further study should be conducted to identify the circulating Brucella species and other causes of abortion in sheep and goats. Besides, this finding warrants the need for further investigation on its public health impact in the region. Keywords: Brucellosis; Epidemiology; Sheep; Goat; Jimma Zon

Nurse Staffing and Leadership Support on In-Patient Hospital Safety

In-patient hospital safety relates to healthcare facilities protecting patients from medical errors. The “problem of many hands” exists, where there is a gap in understanding who is responsible for in-patient hospital safety, nurse staffing, or leadership support. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the association between nurse staffing (nurse-to-patient ratios and hours worked) and in-patient safety (perception of in-patient safety by nurses) as well as the association between leadership support (work climate promotes patient safety and actions of hospital management to show that patient safety is a top priority) and in-patient safety (perception of in-patient safety) based on the 2018 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality survey. This study incorporated the theory of the transformational leadership, a behavior-based approach. The database consists of information from 568,524 hospital respondents. Only data from nurses surveyed were included in the analyses, making the study sample size 382,834. From a chi square analysis, it was found that nurse staffing had a statistically significant association with in-patient hospital safety, specifically the nurse-to-patient ratio. Nurses who reported working longer hours did not indicate concern with in-patient hospital safety, and this result was statistically significant. The findings of this study also showed that leadership support was significantly associated with in-patient hospital safety. Recommendations include further research surrounding in-patient hospital safety and the association between patient safety culture and interventions on an organizational level. Implications for social change encourage promoting the idea that leadership, along with nurses, should have a hands-on approach to ensure in-patient hospital safety in healthcare organizations

Rabies Outbreak among Livestock in a Pastoralist Community, Southern Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Rabies still poses a significant health problem in most of African countries, where the majority of the cases result from dog bites. The situations in the marginalized pastoral areas were not well documented.CASE: In September 2015, rabid wild fox entered the pastoralist village and bit a domestic dog. The victim dog had turned rabid after four months and bit livestock, and rabies outbreak occurred in the family livestock. Consequently, one bull, one lactating cow, one calf, two donkeys and one heifer died of outbreak. The head of one heifer was removed and transported within 24 hours to the Rabies Referral Laboratory of Ethiopian Public Health Institute in Addis Ababa. The sample was confirmed as strong positive for lyssa virus antigen by Direct Fluorescent Anti-Body Test. This was the first confirmed case report from southern Oromia pastoralists. The occurrence of rabies cases across the district was also reported by veterinary and human health officers.CONCLUSION: Integrated intervention strategy and collaboration of animal health, human health and wildlife authority is needed. To halt the ongoing outbreak in the district, immediate response from the Government is recommended.

Epidemiology of camel contagious ecthyma and molecular detection of the pathogen in Arero district, Ethiopia

Even though camels (Camelus dromedarius) were traditionally believed to be resistant to most livestock diseases, research has demonstrated that they are susceptible to a large number of infectious agents. Based on the clinical appearance of typical lesions, camel contagious ecthyma (CCE), caused by a Parapoxvirus (PPV), is thought to be one of the most common viral diseases of camels in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 in the Arero district of Borena Zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to investigate the epidemiological aspect of CCE and molecularly identify the causative agent. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on B2L gene-specific primers of PPV was used for the confirmatory diagnosis of the CCE virus from the skin lesion of camels showing suspected clinical signs of CCE infection. Eighty-seven percent (87.0%) of camel owners reported the occurrence of CCE outbreaks in their herds in the past year (a year preceding the start of the study). The overall morbidity and mortality rates attributed to CCE were 20% (95% CI: 11– 36%) and 6.3% (95 % CI: 5.2 –7.6%), respectively. Younger camels had higher odds of becoming affected by CCE than adults [OR=3.44 (95 % CI: 2.29 –4.09)] and the difference was statistically significant. Confirmatory diagnosis of the suspected cases using conventional PCR generated the expected amplification product size of 1200bp for one of the samples. Therefore, the study confirms the presence and importance of CCE in Ethiopia and establishes the basis for further investigation

Static performances of timber-and bamboo-concrete composite beams: A critical review of experimental results

The use of composite beams made with traditional concrete and bio-based materials (such as timber and bamboo) is a valuable solution to reduce the environmental impact of the building sector. Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) beams have been used for decades in structural applications such as new buildings, refurbishment of old timber structures, and bridges. Recently, different researchers suggested composite beams based on engineered bamboo, commonly named Bamboo-Concrete Composite (BCC) beams. This study presents a systematic comparison of structural performances and connection behavior of TCC and BCC beams under short-term static load. TCCs beams are compared to BCC ones using similar shear connectors. The most important aspects of the two composite systems are compared: mechanical behavior of connectors and structural behaviors of full-scale composite beams (e.g., failure modes, connection stiffness, connection shear strength, ultimate load-carrying capacity, maximum deflection and composite efficiency). This comprehensive review indicates that BCC beams have similar or even better structural performances compared with TCC

Assessment of community knowledge and perception on environmental issues in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Environmental knowledge and perceptions of community govern the sustainable use and management of environmental resources. Developing countries such as Ethiopia has been facing serious environmental problems. In spite of the existing problems, little is known about public understanding and perception of environmental issues. Thus, the overall objective of this research was to assess community perception and knowledge of environmental issues. Interview was conducted using structured questionnaire. The collected data was coded, cleaned and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result indicates, most of the community members believed that they have better knowledge of environmental issues but the evidence obtained from measured knowledge shows the reverse. The principal source of environmental information (local media broadcasting) had positive correlation with perceived knowledge, and negatively correlated with assessed knowledge and perception index of environmental issues. Correctly answered questions used in the evaluation of environmental knowledge were weekly associated (r < .2) with perceived knowledge and perception, which indicates the respondents lacks same concept on environmental issues. Perceived knowledge was negatively and significantly (P <.001) determined by age and educational levels of respondents. But, measured knowledge was negatively and significantly (P <.05) affects by age, childhood area, education and occupation when positively and significantly (P = .001) influenced by origin of residence. The perception of community was positively and significantly (P =.001) determined by respondent's age, childhood area, education and information source but negatively and significantly (P < .05) influenced by origin of residence and ethnic group. Generally, self-reported knowledge is not reliable source of information for environmental management decisions. So, stakeholders should strongly works on environmental awareness campaigns, engage students in outdoor activities, and training to improve factors negatively determined community's factual knowledge and perception of environment

Flexible modeling and inference for survival data subject to dependent censoring.

Description : In survival analysis it is common to assume that the survival time T and the censoring time C are independent of each other. However, there are numerous situations where this assumption is not realistic. In this thesis we will study novel models for the relation between T and C, that are more flexible and less restrictive than existing models. These models use a certain (parametric) transformation of T and C and they assume that after the transformation, they have a bivariate normal distribution. The approach can be extended to regression models. We study the asymptotic behavior of the proposed estimators, and we study their finite sample behavior via simulations, both when the assumed model is correct and when it is not correct.status: publishe