The fusion approach – applications for understanding local government and European integration

The article explores the theoretical capabilities of the fusion approach as a conceptual ‘kit’ to explain the ‘bigger picture’ of European integration from a local government perspective. Fusion addresses the rationales and methods facilitating the transfer of policy-making competences to the European level. It understands European integration as a merging of public resources and policy instruments from multiple levels of government, whereby accountability and responsibilities for policy outcomes become blurred. The article argues that the fusion approach is useful to explain the systemic linkages between macro-trajectories and the corresponding change at the local level; the fusion dynamics of the local and European levels in a common policy-cycle; and the attitudes of local actors towards the EU. Although the article concludes that local government is rather modestly ‘fused’ into the EU, fusion approaches allow examining the extent to which the local level has become integrated into the European governance system

Hg 5d and 6s: Multichannel quantum-defect analysis of experimental data

Schäfers F, Heckenkamp C, Müller M, Radojevic V, Heinzmann U. Hg 5d and 6s: Multichannel quantum-defect analysis of experimental data. Physical Review, A: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. 1990;42(5):2603-2613.Experimental spin-polarization data for the Hg 6s Cooper minimum and dipole-transition amplitudes and phase-shift differences for photoionization of the Hg 5d and 6s shells (eight channels) in the photon-energy region from the 2D3/2 threshold up to 35 eV (kinetic energies from 0 to 20 eV) are presented and compared with new relativistic random-phase approximation calculations. The data were evaluated from an experimental data set, quantum mechanically complete, consisting of cross-section and photoelectron spin-polarization data. For the 5d subshells the results show strong interchannel coupling between the outgoing p and f continuum channels. The results for Hg 6s could be used for an independent determination of the photoelectron angular distribution parameter [Beta] in the Cooper-minimum region. This region is shown to be perturbed by numerous two-electron excitations, which might be a possible explanation for the controversy on its location

Berufliche Eingliederung der nachwachsenden Generation in regionaler Sicht

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