Multiphonon Raman Scattering in Graphene

We report multiphonon Raman scattering in graphene samples. Higher order combination modes involving 3 phonons and 4 phonons are observed in single-layer (SLG), bi-layer (BLG), and few layer (FLG) graphene samples prepared by mechanical exfoliation. The intensity of the higher order phonon modes (relative to the G peak) is highest in SLG and decreases with increasing layers. In addition, all higher order modes are observed to upshift in frequency almost linearly with increasing graphene layers, betraying the underlying interlayer van der Waals interactions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Effects of Layer Stacking on the Combination Raman modes in Graphene

We have observed new combination modes in the range from 1650 - 2300 cm-1 in single-(SLG), bi-, few-layer and incommensurate bilayer graphene (IBLG) on silicon dioxide substrates. The M band at ~1750 cm-1 is suppressed for both SLG and IBLG. A peak at ~1860 cm-1 (iTALO-) is observed due to a combination of the iTA and LO phonons. The intensity of this peak decreases with increasing number of layers and this peak is absent in bulk graphite. Two previously unidentified modes at ~1880 cm-1 (iTALO+) and ~2220 cm-1 (iTOTA) in SLG are tentatively assigned as combination modes around the K point of the graphene Brillouin zone. The peak frequencies of the iTALO+ (iTOTA) modes are observed to increase (decrease) linearly with increasing graphene layers.Comment: 11 Pages, 4 Figure

Su‐E‐J‐66: Evaluation Of Proton Induced X‐Ray Fluorescence From Gold Fiducial Markers For In‐Vivo Determination Of Proton Range And Energy

A polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) with microsecond response time is demonstrated using a vertical field switching cell. The measured decay time is 39.4 μs at room temperature (21°C) and then decreases to 9.6 μs at 44.3 °C. Such a response time is 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than that of a typical BPLC device. The responsible physical mechanisms are the collective effects of short pitch length, strong polymer network, and low viscosity through elevated temperature effect. The on-state voltage of our BPLC device is 44.2 V, hysteresis is below 0.7%, and contrast ratio is over 1300:1

Effects Of Layer Stacking On The Combination Raman Modes In Graphene

We have observed new combination modes in the range from 1650 to 2300 cm-1 in single-(SLG), bi-, few-layer and incommensurate bilayer graphene (IBLG) on silicon dioxide substrates. A peak at ∼1860 cm -1 (iTALO-) is observed due to a combination of the in-plane transverse acoustic (iTA) and the longitudinal optical (LO) phonons. The intensity of this peak decreases with increasing number of layers and this peak is absent for bulk graphite. The overtone of the out-of-plane transverse optical (oTO) phonon at ∼1750 cm-1, also called the M band, is suppressed for both SLG and IBLG. In addition, two previously unidentified modes at ∼2200 and ∼1880 cm-1 are observed in SLG. The 2220 cm-1 (1880 cm-1) mode is tentatively assigned to the combination mode of in-plane transverse optical (iTO) and TA phonons (oTO+LO phonons) around the K point in the graphene Brillouin zone. Finally, the peak frequency of the 1880 (2220) cm-1 mode is observed to increase (decrease) linearly with increasing graphene layers. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Solid-State Nmr Characterization Of The Molecular Conformation In Disordered Methyl Α- L -Rhamnofuranoside

A combination of solid-state 13C NMR tensor data and DFT computational methods is utilized to predict the conformation in disordered methyl α-l-rhamnofuranoside. This previously uncharacterized solid is found to be crystalline and consists of at least six distinct conformations that exchange on the kHz time scale. A total of 66 model structures were evaluated, and six were identified as being consistent with experimental 13C NMR data. All feasible structures have very similar carbon and oxygen positions and differ most significantly in OH hydrogen orientations. A concerted rearrangement of OH hydrogens is proposed to account for the observed dynamic disorder. This rearrangement is accompanied by smaller changes in ring conformation and is slow enough to be observed on the NMR time scale due to severe steric crowding among ring substituents. The relatively minor differences in non-hydrogen atom positions in the final structures suggest that characterization of a complete crystal structure by X-ray powder diffraction may be feasible. © 2013 American Chemical Society

Solid-State NMR Characterization of the Molecular Conformation in Disordered Methyl α‑l‑Rhamnofuranoside

A combination of solid-state ¹³C NMR tensor data and DFT computational methods is utilized to predict the conformation in disordered methyl α-l-rhamnofuranoside. This previously uncharacterized solid is found to be crystalline and consists of at least six distinct conformations that exchange on the kHz time scale. A total of 66 model structures were evaluated, and six were identified as being consistent with experimental ¹³C NMR data. All feasible structures have very similar carbon and oxygen positions and differ most significantly in OH hydrogen orientations. A concerted rearrangement of OH hydrogens is proposed to account for the observed dynamic disorder. This rearrangement is accompanied by smaller changes in ring conformation and is slow enough to be observed on the NMR time scale due to severe steric crowding among ring substituents. The relatively minor differences in non-hydrogen atom positions in the final structures suggest that characterization of a complete crystal structure by X-ray powder diffraction may be feasible

Solid-State NMR Characterization of the Molecular Conformation in Disordered Methyl alpha-L-Rhamnofuranoside

A combination of solid-state C-13 NMR tensor data and DFT computational methods is utilized to predict the conformation in disordered methyl alpha-L-rhamnofuranoside. This previously uncharacterized solid is found to be crystalline and consists of at least six distinct conformations that exchange on the kHz time scale. A total of 66 model structures were evaluated, and six were identified as being consistent with experimental C-13 NMR data. All feasible structures have very similar carbon and oxygen positions and differ most significantly in OH hydrogen orientations. A concerted rearrangement of OH hydrogens is proposed to account for the observed dynamic disorder. This rearrangement is accompanied by smaller changes in ring conformation and is slow enough to be observed on the NMR time scale due to severe steric crowding among ring substituents. The relatively minor differences in non-hydrogen atom positions in the final structures suggest that characterization of a complete crystal structure by X-ray powder diffraction may be feasible.AuthorCount:6;Funding Agencies:University of Central Florida Stokes Advanced Research Computing Center</p