Pineoblastoma in Adults: A Rare Case Successfully Treated with Multimodal Approach Including Craniospinal Irradiation Using Helical Tomotherapy

Pineoblastomas (PBs) are rare and aggressive malignancies of the pineal gland. They are more commonly diagnosed in children between 1-12 years old, and are very rarely diagnosed in adults. For this reason, evidence in literature for adults is scarce and mainly derives from the paediatric practice. For their clinical behaviour and embryonal histology, PBs are often grouped together with medulloblastomas in clinical trials. In this report, we describe an adult PB case who was treated at our institution. We reference the literature to explain the clinical reasoning behind our decision-making process. A 46-year-old male patient was referred to our institution in November 2015 with three months history of headache. Imaging confirmed localised disease of the pineal gland. He underwent surgery which was radical and clinically uncomplicated. Histology showed PB. He then received adjuvant craniospinal radiotherapy with a boost to the tumour bed followed by consolidation chemotherapy. After 36 months follow-up, he remains disease-free without significant toxicities. Surgery followed by craniospinal irradiation and consolidation chemotherapy can be a safe and effective treatment option in adult PBs

BRAFp.V600E, p.V600K, and p.V600R Mutations in Malignant Melanoma: Do They Also Differ in Immunohistochemical Assessment and Clinical Features?

Although the detection of BRAF p.V600E mutation by immunohistochemistry was clearly described in melanoma, discordant evidences were reported for the detection of p.V600K and p.V600R mutations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of BRAFp.V600E, p.V600K, and p.V600R detection by immunohistochemistry in melanoma

Two cilengitide regimens in combination with standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and unmethylated MGMT gene promoter: results of the open-label, controlled, randomized phase II CORE study

Background Survival outcomes for patients with glioblastoma remain poor, particularly for patients with unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter. This phase II, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial investigated the efficacy and safety of 2 dose regimens of the selective integrin inhibitor cilengitide combined with standard chemoradiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Methods Overall, 265 patients were randomized (1:1:1) to standard cilengitide (2000 mg 2×/wk; n = 88), intensive cilengitide (2000 mg 5×/wk during wk 1−6, thereafter 2×/wk; n = 88), or a control arm (chemoradiotherapy alone; n = 89). Cilengitide was administered intravenously in combination with daily temozolomide (TMZ) and concomitant radiotherapy (RT; wk 1−6), followed by TMZ maintenance therapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ). The primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, pharmacokinetics, and safety and tolerability. Results Median overall survival was 16.3 months in the standard cilengitide arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.686; 95% CI: 0.484, 0.972; P = .032) and 14.5 months in the intensive cilengitide arm (HR, 0.858; 95% CI: 0.612, 1.204; P = .3771) versus 13.4 months in the control arm. Median progression-free survival assessed per independent review committee was 5.6 months (HR, 0.822; 95% CI: 0.595, 1.134) and 5.9 months (HR, 0.794; 95% CI: 0.575, 1.096) in the standard and intensive cilengitide arms, respectively, versus 4.1 months in the control arm. Cilengitide was well tolerated. Conclusions Standard and intensive cilengitide dose regimens were well tolerated in combination with TMZ/RT→TMZ. Inconsistent overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes and a limited sample size did not allow firm conclusions regarding clinical efficacy in this exploratory phase II stud

Complete pathological response in a patient with multiple liver metastases from colon cancer treated with Folfox-6 chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: a case report

The complete pathological response after primary chemotherapy could represent an important prognostic factor in patients affected by colorectal liver metastases

Mutazioni somatiche di BRAF in pazienti affetti da melanoma maligno metastatico ed efficacia clinica degli approcci terapeutici a bersaglio molecolare con inibitori di BRAF

L’introduzione di terapie a bersaglio molecolare ha rivoluzionato la prognosi dei pazienti affetti da melanoma in stadio avanzato. Attualmente è possibile determinare lo status molecolare del melanoma analizzando geni quali C-KIT, BRAF ed N-RAS per la scelta di strategie terapeutiche mirate. Mutazioni di BRAF si riscontrano in circa il 50% dei melanomi: tra queste la V600E e la V600K sono maggiormente frequenti e ben studiate nei pregressi protocolli di sperimentazione fase II/III con inibitori di BRAF. Questi ultimi (Dabrafenib e Vemurafenib) hanno dimostrato chiara efficacia nell’indurre risposte obiettive nel melanoma avanzato. Con il presente lavoro presentiamo le preliminari valutazioni delle correlazioni tra tipologie di mutazioni somatiche del gene BRAF riscontrate in una coorte di melanomi in stadio IV e le risposte cliniche a tale inibitori selettivi. A partire dal giugno 2011, 19 pazienti (10 M; 9F; età media 55 anni) affetti da melanoma stage IV BRAF+ sono stati arruolati in protocolli terapeutici con Dabrafenib (150 mg 2 volte/die) o Vemurafenib (960 mg 2volte/die) presso l’Università di Modena. Il restaging strumentale della malattia veniva eseguito a 8 settimane dall’inizio della terapia. Sono state riscontrate mutazione hot spot V600E (c.1799T>A) in 18 pazienti, in due differenti pazienti sono state individuate le rare mutazioni V600M (c.1798G>A) e V600R (c.1790T>G). In un melanoma è stata evidenziata una doppia mutazione (V600E; V600M) ed il relativo paziente, trattato con Dabrafenib, ha presentato una rapida regressione delle importati lesioni metastatiche. In due casi la ricerca mutazionale in BRAF, risultata inizialmente negativa, è stata poi riscontrata in una successiva analisi. I dati clinici preliminari evidenziano una risposta obiettiva già nelle primissime settimane di terapia, buona tolleranza con scarsi effetti collaterali sia nei pazienti con mutazioni V600E che in quelli con le rare mutazioni V600 M e V600R. Il periodo di sopravvivenza medio libero da progressione dei 15 pazienti con follow-up di almeno 8 settimane è stato di 7 mesi. In 9 pazienti persiste la risposta terapeutica ad oggi. La doppia mutazione di BRAF potrebbe costituire un fattore prognostico positivo per la risposta agli inibitori di BRAF. Nei casi negativi alla ricerca mutazionale, dovrebbe essere routinariamente impiegate indagini più approfondite atte ad evidenziare non solo la presenza della comune V600E ma anche delle varianti meno comuni degli esoni 11 e 15

Autologous anti-GD2 CAR T cells efficiently target primary human glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a deadly tumor. Treatment with chemo-radiotherapy and corticosteroids is known to impair the functionality of lymphocytes, potentially compromising the development of autologous CAR T cell therapies. We here generated pre-clinical investigations of autologous anti-GD2 CAR T cells tested against 2D and 3D models of GBM primary cells. We detected a robust antitumor effect, highlighting the feasibility of developing an autologous anti-GD2 CAR T cell-based therapy for GBM patients

Pattern of care and effectiveness of treatment for glioblastoma patients in the real world: Results from a prospective population-based registry. Could survival differ in a high-volume center?

BACKGROUND: As yet, no population-based prospective studies have been conducted to investigate the incidence and clinical outcome of glioblastoma (GBM) or the diffusion and impact of the current standard therapeutic approach in newly diagnosed patients younger than aged 70 years. METHODS: Data on all new cases of primary brain tumors observed from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, in adults residing within the Emilia-Romagna region were recorded in a prospective registry in the Project of Emilia Romagna on Neuro-Oncology (PERNO). Based on the data from this registry, a prospective evaluation was made of the treatment efficacy and outcome in GBM patients. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-seven GBM patients (median age, 64 y; range, 29-84 y) were enrolled. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.7 months (95% CI, 9.2-12.4). The 139 patients 64aged 70 years who were given standard temozolomide treatment concomitant with and adjuvant to radiotherapy had a median OS of 16.4 months (95% CI, 14.0-18.5). With multivariate analysis, OS correlated significantly with KPS (HR = 0.458; 95% CI, 0.248-0.847; P = .0127), MGMT methylation status (HR = 0.612; 95% CI, 0.388-0.966; P = .0350), and treatment received in a high versus low-volume center (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.328-0.986; P = .0446). CONCLUSIONS: The median OS following standard temozolomide treatment concurrent with and adjuvant to radiotherapy given to (72.8% of) patients aged 6470 years is consistent with findings reported from randomized phase III trials. The volume and expertise of the treatment center should be further investigated as a prognostic factor

BRAF ,NRASandC-KITAdvanced Melanoma: Clinico-pathological Features, Targeted-Therapy Strategies and Survival

The mutational status of stage III and IV melanomas should be recognized in order to allow for targeted therapies. The aim of our study was the characterization of BRAF, NRAS and C-KIT melanoma patients, in order to define their optimal management

Detection of circulating tumor cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of maspin in patients with breast cancer undergoing conventional-dose chemotherapy

Purpose: To establish, in patients with breast cancer subjected to primary conventional chemotherapy and enrolled in a prospective study, the mobilizing effect of therapy on potentially neoplastic cells by means of a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for mRNA of maspin, a protein related to the serpin family of protease inhibitors. Patients and Methods: Peripheral-blood samples were collected from 30 patients with histologically proven breast cancer before and 4 and 8 days after conventional chemotherapy for three consecutive courses. A total of 216 samples were screened for the presence of maspin mRNA by RT-PCR. Results: Before therapy, all samples but one were negative. After chemotherapy, 11 patients (38%) had positive samples. No difference in the rate of positivity was observed between groups defined according to initial stage, type of chemotherapy, Ki-67-related proliferative activity, or CA 15.3 expression. Conclusion: Our results confirm that RT-PCR for maspin mRNA is a sensitive assay for the study of circulating potentially neoplastic mammary cells in patients with breast cancer. Moreover, our findings indicate a marked effect of conventional-dose chemotherapy on the mobilization of these cells in breast tumors, In our series of patients, this phenomenon does not seem to be associated with other known risk factors. Finally, the data suggest, without proving, an association between the presence of circulating maspin positive cells and a higher risk of disease progression, If this association could be confirmed, then the assay could have prognostic significance. However, larger confir- matory studies are necessary