Pengaruh fasciolosis pada sapi bali berdasarkan pemeriksaan darah, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), dan alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Investation of Fasciola sp. On several species of cattle in Indonesia has occurred since a long time ago. Fasciolosis caused a high economical loss such as decreasing of carcass and organs, sometimes caused death of calves. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of fasciolosis on Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and  the obstruction of  bile duct by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in Bali cattle suffered from fasciolosis. Faeces of Bali cattle raised in endemic areas of fasciolosis were examinated by sedimentation test to identify eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of Fasciola sp. The blood samples of cattle which positive to fasciolosis were use to study the hematology by autoanalyser, SGPT  and ALP.  The results of research showed that from 89 cattle, 28 were infected by Fasciola sp. whithin of 7-115 EPG (min-max). From 20 fasciolosis cattle were indicated that MCHC of 90%, RBC of 30%, HB of 20%,  and  eosinophils of 2 % of cattle were lower than that of normal standard, while  lymphocytes of 60%, MCV of 40%, ALP of 10%  and SGPT of 5% of cattle were higher than that of normal standard. hematological appearances of cattle suffered from fasciolosis  had macrocytichypochromic anemia, eosinopenia, and lymphocytosis. The increase of SGPT may be caused byhepatic cells destruction by young liver flukes, and the increase of  ALP was caused by the obstruction of bile duct by mature liver flukes.

PENGARUH FASCIOLOSIS PADA SAPI BALI TERHADAP KADAR SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE (SGPT) DAN ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)

Investation of Fasciola sp. On several species of cattle in Indonesia has occurred since a long time ago. Fasciolosis caused a high economical loss such as decreasing of carcass and organs, sometimes caused death of calves. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of fasciolosis on Serum Glutamic Piruvic Transaminase  (SGPT), and  obstruction of  bile duct by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in Bali cattle suffered from fasciolosis. Feces of Bali cattle raised in endemic areas of fasciolosis were examinated by sedimentation test to identify eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of Fasciola sp. The blood samples of cattle which positive to fasciolosis were use to study the hematology by autoanalyser (HCLAB Easy access &SYSMEX KX-2), SGPT (ILab 300 Plus Chemistry System) and ALP (IL 300 Plus Chemistry).  The results of research showed that from 89 head, 28 were infested of Fasciola sp whithin of 7-115 epg (min-max). From 20 fasciolosis cattle indicated that MCHC of 90%, RBC of 30%, HB of 20%,  and  eosinophils of 2 % of cattle were lower than that of normal standard, while  lymphocytes of 60%, MCV of 40%, ALP of 10%  and SGPT of 5% of cattle were higher than that of normal standart. It can be concluded that hematological appearances of cattle suffered from fasciolosis had macrocytic hypochromic anemia, eosinopenia, limphocytosis. The increase of SGPT showed the damage of liver by young liver flukes, and the increase of ALP was caused by the obstruction of bile duct by mature liver flukes.Key word: ALP, Cattle, Fasciolosis, Hematology, SGPT

Full-length genomic sequence of hepatitis B virus genotype C2 isolated from a native Brazilian patient

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the leading causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Brazil, genotype A is the most frequent, followed by genotypes D and F. Genotypes B and C are found in Brazil exclusively among Asian patients and their descendants. The aim of this study was to sequence the entire HBV genome of a Caucasian patient infected with HBV/C2 and to infer the origin of the virus based on sequencing analysis. The sequence of this Brazilian isolate was grouped with four other sequences described in China. The sequence of this patient is the first complete genome of HBV/C2 reported in Brazil

Genomic and spatial variability of a European common vole hepevirus

Rodents host different orthohepeviruses, namely orthohepevirus C genotype HEV-C1 (rat hepatitis E virus, HEV) and the additional putative genotypes HEV-C3 and HEV-C4. Here, we screened 2,961 rodents from Central Europe by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and identified HEV RNA in 13 common voles (Microtus arvalis) and one bank vole (Myodes glareolus) with detection rates of 2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1-3.4) and 0.08% (95% CI: 0.002-0.46), respectively. Sequencing of a 279-nucleotide RT-PCR amplicon corresponding to a region within open reading frame (ORF) 1 showed a high degree of similarity to recently described common vole-associated HEV (cvHEV) sequences from Hungary. Five novel complete cvHEV genome sequences from Central Europe showed the typical HEV genome organization with ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 and RNA secondary structure. Uncommon features included a noncanonical start codon in ORF3, multiple insertions and deletions within ORF1 and ORF2/ORF3, and the absence of a putative ORF4. Phylogenetic analysis showed all of the novel cvHEV sequences to be monophyletic, clustering most closely with an unassigned bird-derived sequence and other sequences of the species Orthohepevirus C. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence divergence of the common vole-derived sequences was significantly correlated with the spatial distance between the trapping sites, indicating mostly local evolutionary processes. Detection of closely related HEV sequences in common voles in multiple localities over a distance of 800 kilometers suggested that common voles are infected by cvHEV across broad geographic distances. The common vole-associated HEV strain is clearly divergent from HEV sequences recently found in narrow-headed voles (Microtus gregalis) and other cricetid rodents