Influence of PWM on the proximity loss in permanent magnet brushless AC machines

The winding copper loss can be significantly increased due to skin and proximity eddy current effects. The skin and proximity losses due to fundamental frequency current has been investigated in literature, but the influence of PWM on the skin and proximity losses has not been reported. In this paper, 2-D finite element method is employed to analyze the skin and proximity losses in a permanent magnet brushless AC machine, in which significant proximity loss exists due to high frequency current ripples induced by the PWM, as confirmed by both theoretical calculation and experiment. The analyses should be generally applicable to other machines

A Comparative Analysis of Translesion DNA Synthesis Catalyzed by a High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is the ability of DNA polymerases to incorporate nucleotides opposite and beyond damaged DNA. TLS activity is an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of genetic diseases such as cancer. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a high-fidelity DNA polymerase to perform TLS with 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G), a highly pro-mutagenic DNA lesion formed by reactive oxygen species. Results of kinetic studies monitoring the incorporation of modified nucleotide analogs demonstrate that the binding affinity of the incoming dNTP is controlled by the overall hydrophobicity of the nucleobase. However, the rate constant for the polymerization step is regulated by hydrogen-bonding interactions made between the incoming nucleotide with 8-oxo-G. Results generated here for replicating the miscoding 8-oxo-G are compared to those published for the replication of the non-instructional abasic site. During the replication of both lesions, binding of the nucleotide substrate is controlled by energetics associated with nucleobase desolvation, whereas the rate constant for the polymerization step is influenced by the physical nature of the DNA lesion, that is, miscoding versus non-instructional. Collectively, these studies highlight the importance of nucleobase desolvation as a key physical feature that enhances the misreplication of structurally diverse DNA lesions

A Comparative Analysis of Translesion DNA Synthesis Catalyzed by a High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is the ability of DNA polymerases to incorporate nucleotides opposite and beyond damaged DNA. TLS activity is an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of genetic diseases such as cancer. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a high-fidelity DNA polymerase to perform TLS with 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G), a highly pro-mutagenic DNA lesion formed by reactive oxygen species. Results of kinetic studies monitoring the incorporation of modified nucleotide analogs demonstrate that the binding affinity of the incoming dNTP is controlled by the overall hydrophobicity of the nucleobase. However, the rate constant for the polymerization step is regulated by hydrogen-bonding interactions made between the incoming nucleotide with 8-oxo-G. Results generated here for replicating the miscoding 8-oxo-G are compared to those published for the replication of the non-instructional abasic site. During the replication of both lesions, binding of the nucleotide substrate is controlled by energetics associated with nucleobase desolvation, whereas the rate constant for the polymerization step is influenced by the physical nature of the DNA lesion, that is, miscoding versus non-instructional. Collectively, these studies highlight the importance of nucleobase desolvation as a key physical feature that enhances the misreplication of structurally diverse DNA lesions

On the direct indecomposability of infinite irreducible Coxeter groups and the Isomorphism Problem of Coxeter groups

In this paper we prove, without the finite rank assumption, that any irreducible Coxeter group of infinite order is directly indecomposable as an abstract group. The key ingredient of the proof is that we can determine, for an irreducible Coxeter group, the centralizers of the normal subgroups that are generated by involutions. As a consequence, we show that the problem of deciding whether two general Coxeter groups are isomorphic, as abstract groups, is reduced to the case of irreducible Coxeter groups, without assuming the finiteness of the number of the irreducible components or their ranks. We also give a description of the automorphism group of a general Coxeter group in terms of those of its irreducible components.Comment: 30 page

Mid Day Meal Scheme: Understanding Critical Issues with Reference to Ahmedabad City

Problems of illiteracy, malnutrition, anaemia, vitamin-A and iodine deficiency are very common among children in India. In 2001 Supreme Court of India ruled that state governments must provide mid-day meal (MDM) to children of government assisted primary schools. The 2007-2008 budget of the central government has allocated about Rs. 73 billion for the MDM scheme. Therefore, it becomes imperative that a comprehensive evaluation of the programme be undertaken to judge its efficacy. We studied the implementation of the scheme, made field visits to schools to document food preparation and delivery, and collected meal samples to test them in laboratory for nutritional contents and food safety. Study seems to indicate that the implementation of the scheme may be wanting on the grounds of nutrition and food safety. For example, protein and iodine content is not sufficiently provided by the meals. Raw food samples contained uric acid levels higher than stipulated by food laws. Traces of aflatoxins were also found. Food safety may be improved by employing food safety systems such as HACCP, contracting out meal preparation and distribution to reputed private parties, and offering packaged foods which also provide variety. Offering nutrition bars and fruits such as banana not only will ensure delivery of hygienic food but it will enhance the nutrition delivery of the MDM scheme.

Attitude and perception versus reality of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare professional: a survey

Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 infection has almost paralyzed the world since the first infection was reported in December 2019. We have seen 3 waves of infection in the country, out of which the second wave caused by the delta variant was the most severe. Along with the preventive measures of masking, maintaining social distance, and handwashing, the vaccines seemed to be the most logical next step. Many vaccines received emergency use approvals with hardly any efficacy and adverse effects data available with the process inducing a significant amount of anxiety among the public. This survey was aimed at understanding the attitude and perception of our hospital employees towards COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among health care workers (HCW) at CMC, Vellore between March 2021 to July 2021. The HCWs who are willing to participate in this study were recruited and collected the quantitative data on their attitude and perception towards COVID vaccine. In-depth interviews were conducted among those who did not take vaccine to understand the reasons for not taking vaccine. The data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Results: The survey results were analyzed on 435 HCWs. 58.4 percent of the HCWs trust the institutional protocols as the trusted source of information about vaccine. Most of the HCWs agreed that vaccines are the only protective way, and they are safe and effective. Conclusions: Sensitization and awareness programs with transparency of vaccine development processes, safety and efficacy will help remove barriers

Schubert calculus of Richardson varieties stable under spherical Levi subgroups

We observe that the expansion in the basis of Schubert cycles for $H^*(G/B)$ of the class of a Richardson variety stable under a spherical Levi subgroup is described by a theorem of Brion. Using this observation, along with a combinatorial model of the poset of certain symmetric subgroup orbit closures, we give positive combinatorial descriptions of certain Schubert structure constants on the full flag variety in type $A$. Namely, we describe $c_{u,v}^w$ when $u$ and $v$ are inverse to Grassmannian permutations with unique descents at $p$ and $q$, respectively. We offer some conjectures for similar rules in types $B$ and $D$, associated to Richardson varieties stable under spherical Levi subgroups of SO(2n+1,\C) and SO(2n,\C), respectively.Comment: Section 4 significantly shortened, and other minor changes made as suggested by referees. Final version, to appear in Journal of Algebraic Combinatoric

The nil Hecke ring and singularity of Schubert varieties

We give a criterion for smoothness of a point in any Schubert variety in any G/B in terms of the nil Hecke ring.Comment: AMSTE

Effects of infliximab on markers of inflammation and bone turnover and associations with bone mineral density in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Using a micro-extruder a new class of polyurethanes, polyacylurethanes (PAUs), based on poly (epsilon-caprol actone) (PCL) oligomers and terephthaloyl diisocyanate was synthesized. These polymers are anticipated to have potential for biodegradable and/or biomedical applications. Therefore, PAUs were synthesized without the use of any, possibly toxic, catalysts. PCL diols of different molecular mass were used, namely 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 3000 and 4000 g/mol. These diols were synthesized by thermal polymerization at 150 degrees C without the use of any catalyst. The PAUs of terephthaloyl diisocyanate were synthesized by reactive extrusion using a micro-extruder of 5 cm 3 at 130 degrees C. The PAUs obtained were characterized using DSC, GPC, DMTA, SAXS and tensile testing. Surprisingly, PAUs based on PCL chains of 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 g/mol were found to show microphase separation/micro crystallization as proven by SAXS data combined with DSC. This microphase separation creates elastomeric properties as is known from polyurethanes. In the PAUs based on PCL chains of 2000, 3000 and 4000 g/mol part of the PCL was found to crystallize and no evidence of any phase separation of the acylurethane block was found. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture for finite W-algebras

We study the representation theory of finite W-algebras. After introducing parabolic subalgebras to describe the structure of W-algebras, we define the Verma modules and give a conjecture for the Kac determinant. This allows us to find the completely degenerate representations of the finite W-algebras. To extract the irreducible representations we analyse the structure of singular and subsingular vectors, and find that for W-algebras, in general the maximal submodule of a Verma module is not generated by singular vectors only. Surprisingly, the role of the (sub)singular vectors can be encapsulated in terms of a `dual' analogue of the Kazhdan-Lusztig theorem for simple Lie algebras. These involve dual relative Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials. We support our conjectures with some examples, and briefly discuss applications and the generalisation to infinite W-algebras.Comment: 11 page