Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their isolated constituents against cariogenic bacteria: a systematic review

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORDental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide.Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide20473297358FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2008/55492-7; 2011/14757-0; 2011/15984-0; 2013/25080-7308644/2011-523038005263/2012-9

Multimedia educativa sobre el sistema masticatorio para estudiantes de la carrera de Estomatología

Introducción: las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones constituyen hoy uno de los recursos más importantes de la sociedad, trayendo como consecuencia una explosión exponencial en la transmisión e intercambio de datos, información y conocimientos. La educación médica no está exenta de ello. Objetivo: elaborar una multimedia educativa para proporcionar a los estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Estomatología el aprendizaje de los contenidos sobre la asignatura Sistema Masticatorio, perteneciente a la disciplina de Morfofisiología. Método: se elaboró una multimedia mediante las herramientas Mediator v9.0, Adobe Photoshop v8.0 y el Pinnacle Studio v14.0. Se revisaron las bibliografías más actualizadas del tema tanto en bases de datos nacionales como internacionales. Resultados: el producto cuenta con una página principal de la cual se puede acceder al resto de las páginas que componen la multimedia, a través de los distintos hipervínculos preestablecidos. Posee videos y galerías de imágenes. Se ofrecen materiales de apoyo a la docencia. Conclusiones: el producto informático obtenido fue pertinente y puede ser eficaz su aplicación para generar aprendizajes con respecto al tema que aborda

Guava pomace: a new source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic bioactives

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud Guava pomace is an example of the processing waste generated after the manufacturing process from the juice industry that could be a source of bioactives. Thus, the present investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential and determinate the main phenolic compounds of a guava pomace extract (GPE).\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, histamine-induced paw edema and neutrophils migration in the peritoneal cavity models. Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin test were performed to investigate the antinociceptive effects. In addition, the content of total phenolic and of individual phenolic compounds was determined by GC/MS.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud GPE showed anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, histamine-induced paw edema and neutrophils migration in the peritoneal cavity models (p < 0.05). GPE also demonstrated antinociceptive activity by acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin test (p < 0.05). The total phenolic value was 3.40 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g and epicatechin, quercetin, myricetin, isovanilic and gallic acids were identified by GC/MS analysis.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The presence of bioactive phenolic compounds as well as important effects demonstrated in animal models suggest that guava pomace could be an interesting source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic substances.We thank "Cepêra - Agro Industrial Ibitirama Ltda", the company that provided the guava pomace samples. This research was supported by the "Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel" (CAPES) and "National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development" (CNPq)

Geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris decreases the mechanical inflammatory hypernociception by inhibiting the production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The pharmacological activity of geopropolis collected by stingless bees (important and threatened pollinators), a product widely used in folk medicine by several communities in Brazil, especially in the Northeast Region, needs to be studied. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of Melipona scutellaris geopropolis (stingless bee) using different models of nociception. Material and methods: The antinociceptive activity of the ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) and fractions was evaluated using writhing induced by acetic acid, formalin test, carrageenan-induced hypernociception, and quantification of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. The chemical composition was assessed by quantification of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Results: EEGP and its hexane and aqueous fractions showed antinociceptive activity. Both EEGP and its aqueous fraction presented activity in the mechanical inflammatory hypernociception induced by the carrageenan model, an effect mediated by the inhibition of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. The chemical composition of EEGP and its hexane and aqueous fractions showed a significant presence of phenolic compounds and absence of flavonoids. Conclusion: Our data indicate that geopropolis is a natural source of bioactive substances with promising antinociceptive activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.FAPESP [2009/12352-3, 2010/20214-7

Bioactive Fraction of Geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) from Melipona scutellaris and its fractions on the modulation of neutrophil migration in the inflammatory process, and the participation of nitric oxide (NO) pathway, as well as to check the chemical profile of the bioactive fraction. EEGP and its aqueous fraction decreased neutrophil migration in the peritoneal cavity and also the interaction of leukocytes (rolling and adhesion) with endothelial cells. The levels of chemokines CXCL1/KC and CXCL2/MIP-2 were not altered after treatment with EEGP and the aqueous fraction. It was found that the injection of NO pathway antagonists abolished the EEGP and the aqueous fraction inhibitory activity on the neutrophil migration. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (ICAM-1) was reduced, and nitrite levels increased after treatment with EEGP and aqueous fraction. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, EEGP and the aqueous fraction showed antiedema activity. No pattern of flavonoid and phenolic acid commonly found in propolis samples of Apis mellifera could be detected in the aqueous fraction samples. These data indicate that the aqueous fraction found has promising bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory activity

Furanoditerpenes from Pterodon pubescens benth with selective in vitro anticancer activity for prostate cell line

Activity guided fractionation of Pterodon pubescens Benth. methylene chloride-soluble fraction afforded novel 6&#945;-acetoxi 7&#946;-hydroxy-vouacapan 1 and four known diterpene furans 2, 3, 4, 5. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against human normal cells and tumour cell lines UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung, non-small cells), OVCAR-03 (ovarian), PC-3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), 786-0 (renal), K562 (leukemia) and NCI-ADR/RES (ovarian expressing phenotype multiple drugs resistance). Results were expressed by three concentration dependent parameters GI50 (concentration that produces 50% growth inhibition), TGI (concentration that produces total growth inhibition or cytostatic effect) and LC50 (concentration that produces -50% growth, a cytotoxicity parameter). Also, in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against 3T3 cell line (mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Antiproliferative properties of compounds 1, 4 and 5 are herein reported for the first time. These compounds showed selectivity in a concentration-dependent way against human PC-3. Compound 1 demonstrated selectivity 26 fold more potent than the positive control, doxorubicin, for PC-3 (prostrate) cell line based on GI50 values, causing cytostatic effect (TGI value) at a concentration fifteen times less than positive control. Moreover comparison of 50% lethal concentration (LC50 value) with positive control (doxorubicin) suggested that compound 1 was less toxic

Furanoditerpenes from Pterodon pubescens benth with selective in vitro anticancer activity for prostate cell line

Activity guided fractionation of Pterodon pubescens Benth. methylene chloride-soluble fraction afforded novel 6&#945;-acetoxi 7&#946;-hydroxy-vouacapan 1 and four known diterpene furans 2, 3, 4, 5. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against human normal cells and tumour cell lines UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung, non-small cells), OVCAR-03 (ovarian), PC-3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), 786-0 (renal), K562 (leukemia) and NCI-ADR/RES (ovarian expressing phenotype multiple drugs resistance). Results were expressed by three concentration dependent parameters GI50 (concentration that produces 50% growth inhibition), TGI (concentration that produces total growth inhibition or cytostatic effect) and LC50 (concentration that produces -50% growth, a cytotoxicity parameter). Also, in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against 3T3 cell line (mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Antiproliferative properties of compounds 1, 4 and 5 are herein reported for the first time. These compounds showed selectivity in a concentration-dependent way against human PC-3. Compound 1 demonstrated selectivity 26 fold more potent than the positive control, doxorubicin, for PC-3 (prostrate) cell line based on GI50 values, causing cytostatic effect (TGI value) at a concentration fifteen times less than positive control. Moreover comparison of 50% lethal concentration (LC50 value) with positive control (doxorubicin) suggested that compound 1 was less toxic.O fracionamento biomonitorado do extrato diclorometânico das sementes de Pterodon pubescens Benth forneceu o 6&#945;-acetóxi-7&#946;-hidróxi-vouacapano 1 (inédito), além de quatro diterpenos furânicos (2, 3, 4 e 5). A atividade antiproliferativa dos compostos foi avaliada in vitro contra as linhagens de células tumorais humanas UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (mama), NCI-H460 (pulmão), OVCAR-03 (ovário), PC-3 (próstata), HT-29 (colon), 786-0 (rim), K562 (leucemia) e NCI-ADR/RES (ovário com fenótipo de resistência a múltiplos fármacos). Os resultados foram expressos em três concentrações efetivas GI50 (concentração para que ocorra 50% de inibição de crescimento), TGI (concentração que resulta em inibição total de crescimento) e LC50 (concentração que resulta em 50% de morte celular). A citotoxicidade in vitro foi avaliada também frente a uma linhagem de célula murina normal (3T3). Este é o primeiro relato de atividade anticâncer para os compostos 1, 4 e 5, que apresentaram grande seletividade, dependente da concentração, para PC-3. O composto 1 foi 26 vezes mais potente para inibir 50% do crescimento (GI50) de PC-3, 15 vezes mais citostático (TGI) e 6 vezes menos tóxico (LC50) quando comparado com Doxorrubicina (controle).569575Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Atividade antiinflamatoria do oleo de sucupira : Pterodon pubescens Benth. Leguminosae-Papilionoideae

Orientador: João Ernesto de CarvalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Pterodon pubescens Benth. (Leguminosae, Papilionoidea) conhecida como sucupira branca é utilizada na medicina popular como antiinflamatório, tônico e depurativo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antiinflamatória; antinociceptiva a toxicidade aguda do óleo das sementes e identificar a fração ativa. O óleo foi obtido por prensagem das sementes e centrifugação. As frações foram obtidas através de cromatografia em coluna, monitoradas por cromatografia de camada delgada e identificadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Os modelos de edema de pata produzidos por carragenina, histamina e bradicinina e edema de orelha produzido por óleo de croton foram utilizados na avaliação da atividade antiinflamatória. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada através do teste de analgesia induzi da por calor e do teste das contorções abdominais induzi das por ácido acético. A toxicidade do óleo de sucupira foi avaliada também em modelo animal, por meio de análise anatomohistopatológica, verificação dos níveis de glicose e do peso corporal diário. A atividade antiproliferativa foi avaliada em cultura de células tumorais humanas. A fração ativa revelou a presença majoritária de compostos terpênicos. O óleo de Pterodon pubescens e a fração rica em terpenos inibiram o edema de pata induzido por carragenina. Em ratos adrenalectomizados o óleo manteve atividade antiedematogênica eliminando a exclusividade da atividade antiinflamatória por corticóides endógenos. Nos modelos de edema de pata induzido por histamina e bradicinina o óleo de P. pubescens reduziu a formação de edema. Na dermatite provocada pela aplicação de óleo de cróton, o óleo de P. pubescens também inibiu a formação de edema. No modelo de nocicepção químico, o óleo de P. pubescens inibiu o número de contorções abdominais pelo ácido acético. O efeito antinociceptivo foi confirmado no teste da placa quente, onde o tratamento com o óleo de P. pubescens ampliou a reatividade ao estímulo térmico. O óleo e a fração ativa apresentaram atividade antiproliferativa concentração-dependente, apresentando citotoxicidade na maioria das concentrações estudadas. Houve um aumento significante da glicemia com o óleo de P. pubescens na dose de 30mg!kg; um aumento do peso corporal dos animais na dose de 30mglkg e uma diminuição nas doses de 100 e 300mg/kg; a análise anatomohistopatológica também revelou toxicidade. Os resultados indicam que o óleo de P. pubescens apresenta atividade antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva e que os terpenos parecem ser responsáveis por essa atividade. Apresenta toxicidade na dose efetiva como antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva após 14 dias de tratamento e atividade antiproliferativa em cultura de células tumorais, provavelmente relacionada a inibição de COX-2Abstract: Pterodon pubescens Benth.(Leguminosae, Papilionoidea), popularly known as "sucupira branca" is widely used by folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory. The present investigation was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activity, and the subacute toxicity evaluation of P. pubescens seed oil and identify the active fraction. The seed oil was extracted by pressure and centrigugation. The fractions were obtained by colum chromatography, monitored by thin layer chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass detection. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by paw edema induced by carrageenin, histamine, bradykinin and ear croton oil edema. The antinociceptive activity was demonstrated employing hot plate and acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction writing model. The toxicological analysis involved anatomical and histopathological; glucose leveI and weight body examination in animal models. The antiproliferative activity was examinated in human cell culture. The terpenoids is the main c1ass of compounds identified in the active fraction. The treatment with P. pubescens seed oil and the enriched terpenoids fraction, inhibited edema formation induced by carragenin. In adrenalectomizated rats the seed's oil showed antiedematogenic activity, rejecting the anti-inflamatory activity exc1usively by endogen corticoids. The seed's oil reduced paw edema induced by histamine and bradykinin, as well as by ear croton oil induced edema. The seed's oil inhibited the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive effect was confirmed by the hot plate test, where the treatment with the seed's oil increased reaction time period for thermic stimulus. Administration of 30mglkg doses increased glucose levels and body weight. Whereas 100 and 300mglkg doses of seed's oil decreased these parameters. The anatomical and histophatological examination indicated toxicity. The oil and the active fraction showed antiproliferative activity related to concentration, demonstrating citotoxicity in the highest concentration tested. Based on these results the seed's oil showed toxicity in the effective dose after 14 days of treatment and antiproliferative activity in the tumoral cell culture. We suggest that the antiinflamatory activity is due to the presence of terpenic compoundsMestradoFarmacologia, Anestesiologia e TerapeuticaMestre em Odontologi