Fluências Verbais e Funcionamento Executivo em Idosos Institucionalizados do Distrito de Coimbra

Contexto: As fluências verbais (FV) podem ser consideradas marcadores do funcionamento executivo (FE) e as investigações mostram que as duas se associam. Faltam estudos com idosos portugueses nestes domínios e dos aspetos que se lhe associam. Objetivos: Descrever as pontuações médias das FV e suas componentes (agrupamento e alternância) e do FE; analisar a relação entre as FV e suas componentes e as variáveis sociodemográficas; 3) analisar a relação entre as FV e suas componentes e as FE, controlando as variáveis sociodemográficas; 4) analisar a relação entre as FV e suas componentes e as variáveis emocionais e 5) explorar o papel preditivo das variáveis com as quais tenhamos encontrado associações significativas para as FV e suas componentes. Metodologia: Utilizando uma amostragem de conveniência, foram inquiridos 256 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 100 anos, 72,3% eram mulheres: a maioria tinha companheiro (56,5%), baixa escolaridade (67,7%) e profissão essencialmente manual (85,2%). As FV foram avaliadas foneticamente (letras P, M, R) e semânticamente (animais e alimentos); as FV foram avaliadas com a Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB); os sintomas depressivos por meio do Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GDS); os sintomas ansiosos por meio do Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) e para avaliar a satisfação com a vida utilizou-se a Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Resultado: Os valores médios nas fluências fonémicas totais foram de 4,13 (DP = 2,81) e na semântica de 7,64 (DP = 3,47). As FV e a componente alternância, foram significativamente diferentes nos grupos definidos pela escolaridade e pela profissão. As fluências e a alternância correlacionam-se de forma significativa com o FE. Comprovámos também que a fluência fonémica e semântica apresentam correlações significativamente com o GDS; a fonémica também se correlaciona com o PANAS negativo, a alternância apresenta correlações com todas as variáveis emocionais, exceto com o SWLS. Conclusão: Sendo a avaliação do funcionamento executivo importante para o diagnóstico precoce de do declínio frontal, saber quais as variáveis que se lhe associam é importante para a reabilitação cognitiva./ Background: The verbal fluencies (VF) can be considered markers of executive functioning (EF) and investigations show that the two are associated. There is a gap in Portuguese studies with elderly in these areas and aspects associated. Objectives: To describe the average scores of VF and its components (clustering and switching) and EF; analyze the relationship between the VF and its components and sociodemographic variables, 3) analyze the relationship between the VF and its components and the EF, controlling sociodemographic variables; 4) analyze the relationship between the VF and its components and emotional variables; and 5) explore the role of predictive variables which we found significant associations for VF and its components. Methodology: Using a convenience sample, we questioned 256 elderly people with 65 to 100 years old, 72.3% were women, most had a partner (56.5%), low education (67.7%) and mainly a manual profession (85.2%). The VF were evaluated phonetically (letters P, M, R), and semantically (animals and food); the VF were evaluated with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB); depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GDS), the anxiety symptoms through the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and to assess satisfaction with life we used the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: The phonemic means total scores were 7.64 (SD = 3.47). The VF and switching component, were significantly different between the groups defined by education and profession. The fluencies and the switching correlate significantly with the EF. We also confirmed that phonemic and semantic fluencies have significantly correlations with GDS, the phonemic also correlates with the negative PANAS, switching shows correlation with all the emotional variables, except with the SWLS. Conclusion: Since the assessment of executive functioning is important for early diagnosis of frontal decline, knowing which variables associate with executive functioning are important for cognitive rehabilitation

GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography

Graphene oxide (GO) induced enhancement of elastomer properties showed a great deal of potential in recent years, but it is still limited by the barrier of the complicated synthesis processes. Stereolithography (SLA), used in fabrication of thermosets and very recently in “flexible” polymers with elastomeric properties, presents itself as simple and user-friendly method for integration of GO into elastomers. In this work, it was first time demonstrated that GO loadings can be incorporated into commercial flexible photopolymer resins to successfully fabricate GO/elastomer nanocomposites via readily accessible, consumer-oriented SLA printer. The material properties of the resulting polymer was characterized and tested. The mechanical strength, stiffness, and the elongation of the resulting polymer decreased with the addition of GO. The thermal properties were also adversely affected upon the increase in the GO content based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results. It was proposed that the GO agglomerates within the 3D printed composites, can result in significant change in both mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites. This study demonstrated the possibility for the development of the GO/elastomer nanocomposites after the optimization of the GO/“flexible” photoreactive resin formulation for SLA with suitable annealing process of the composite in future

Removal of Formaldehyde Using Highly Active Pt/TiO 2

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the major indoor air pollutants. TiO2 supported Pt catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and used to eliminate HCHO at room temperature without irradiation. The reduced Pt/TiO2 catalyst (denoted as Pt/TiO2-H2) showed much higher activity than that calcined in air (denoted as Pt/TiO2-air). More than 96% of the conversion of HCHO was obtained over 0.5 wt% Pt/TiO2-H2, on which highly dispersed metallic Pt nanoparticles with very small size (~2 nm) were identified. Metallic Pt rather than cationic Pt nanoparticles provide the active sites for HCHO oxidation. Negatively charged metallic Pt nanoparticles facilitate the transfer of charge and oxygen species and the activation of oxygen