Zero-Emission Vehicles Sonification Strategy Based on Shepard-Risset Glissando

International audienceIn this paper we present a sonification strategy developed for electric vehicles aiming to synthetize a new engine sound to enhance the driver's dynamic perception of his vehicle. We chose to mimic the internal combustion engine (ICE) noise by informing the driver through pitch variations. However, ICE noise pitch variations are correlated to the engine's rotations per minute (RPM) and its dynamics is covered within a limited vehicle speed range. In order to inform the driver with a significant pitch variation throughout the full vehicle speed range, we based our sonification strategy on the Shepard-Risset glissando. These illusory infinite ascending/descending sounds enable to represent accelerations with significant pitch variations for an unlimited range of speeds. In a way, we stay within the metaphor of ICE noise with unheard gearshifts. We tested this sonification strategy in a perceptual test in a driving simulator and showed that the mapping of this acoustical feedback affects the drivers' perception of vehicle dynamics

How does interior car noise alter driver's perception of motion? Multisensory integration in speed perception

International audienceAcoustic feedback inside a car is composed of different sources, which give information on the drivers actions and the dynamic state of the car. This acoustic feedback influences the drivers perception of movement in a multisensory integration. The development of electric motorizations brings new balance between noise sources inside the car, due to the loss of engine sound that is present in traditional internal combustion engine cars. To study the influence of this modified noise source balance on driving, we focused on speed perception. A car simulator was used for this purpose. 24 participants were asked to accelerate up to a given target speed, while the speedometer was hidden. We studied the speed they actually reached with three acoustic feedbacks (engine, electric motor, no sound), in two visual conditions (night and day). We found out that acoustic feedback can alter the drivers speed perception

A Real-time Synthesizer of Naturalistic Congruent Audio-Haptic Textures

International audienceThis demo paper presents a multi-modal device able to generate real-time audio-haptic signal as response to the users' motion and produce naturalistic sensation. The device consists in a touch screen with haptic feedback based on ultrasonic friction modulation and a sound synthesizer. The device will help investigate audio-haptic interaction. In particular the system is built to allow for an exploration of di↵erent strategy of mapping audio and haptic signal to explore the limits of congruence. Such interactions could be the key to more informative and user-friendly touchscreens for Human-Machine-Interfaces

Sonifying electric vehicles with auditory illusions : A driving simulator study on the audiovisual integration of automotive motion perception

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la mise en place d’une stratégie de sonification qui vise à proposer un retour sonore pouvant se substituer au bruit moteur dans les véhicules électriques, rendant au conducteur les informations qu’il transmet habituellement sur la dynamique du véhicule.Pour cela, nous nous sommes basés sur une première phase d’analyse qui nous a permis d’étudier comment le bruit automobile influence notre perception du mouvement. A partir de deux expériences menées en simulateur de conduite, nous avons pu relier le retour sonore et la vitesse perçue par le conducteur, définissant ainsi la métaphore du bruit moteur sur laquelle s’appuie le contrôle des sons de synthèse.De façon similaire au bruit moteur, le retour sonore proposé informe le conducteur par l’intermédiaire de sa variation de hauteur tonale. Pour arriver à un son qui informe le conducteur efficacement et qui reste acceptable sur toute la gamme de vitesse du véhicule, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’illusion de glissando infini de Shepard-Risset, qui nous permet de donner un retour d’information précis grâce à une hauteur tonale qui varie rapidement tout en restant contenue dans une plage de fréquence restreinte.L’apport de cette stratégie a enfin été testé lors de deux expériences, la première portant sur l’influence de ce retour sonore sur la perception de la vitesse des conducteurs, la seconde sur leur comportement dans une tâche de freinage. Ces deux études ont montré un effet significatif du retour sonore qui suggère que ces informations sont bien intégrées par les conducteurs, faisant de ces sons un candidat prometteur pour devenir le « bruit moteur » des véhicules de demain.This thesis aims to build an auditory display to sonify electric vehicles. Our goal consisted in bringing back to the driver the motion information, which is usually provided by the combustion engine noise.The first stage of this work consisted in analyzing how automotive noises can influence drivers’ perception of motion. We conducted two driving simulator experiments to study drivers’ speed perception in presence of different automotive noises. These results provided a link between the acoustic feedback and the speed perceived by the driver, on which we based our sonification strategy.Similarly to combustion engine noise, the acoustic feedback proposed in this work informs the driver via its pitch variation. We used the Shepard Risset glissando illusion to sonify the whole speed range of the vehicle. Pitch circularity in the construction of these sounds provides a precise information on small speed variation with fast pitch variations, and is in addition restrained within a narrow bandwith.We then tested the contribution of this strategy in two experiments. The first dealt with the influence of the proposed sounds on drivers’ speed perception ; the second with their behavior in a common braking task. These studies showed that the drivers easily integrate the information brought by this sound, and that it influences their perception of motion and modifies their driving behavior. These inputs make the proposed sound a good candidate to become the new « engine noise » of future electric cars

Design of warning sounds using an Interactive Genetic Algorithm

International audienceThis study assesses the perceived urgency of warning sounds according to different acoustic parameters. After a definition of a set of acoustic parameters (pulse duration, interpulse interval, frequency, number of bursts, bursts interval, timbre), two methods were investigated and compared in order to understand and optimize the perceived urgency of alert sounds. The first method uses a classical D-optimal Design of experiments, the second method is based on an Interactive Genetic Algorithm (IGA) for the optimization of the fitness of a population of sounds. With these two methods, two within-subjects perceptual tests were carried out during a first session with a panel of 30 participants. To compare the results, a second session was organized with the same participants in order to assess the performances of the optimal sounds generated by both methods. Individual sounds and also sounds at the group level were compared, and the possible interactions between the different acoustics parameters of the alert sounds were investigated. Results shows that the IGA method can be an interesting alternative to classical DOE to help the design of sound

Zero-Emission Vehicles Sonification Strategy Based on Shepard-Risset Glissando

International audienceIn this paper, we present a sonification strategy developed for electric vehicles aiming to synthetize a new engine sound to enhance the driver's dynamic perception of the vehicle. We chose to mimic the internal combustion engine (ICE) noise by informing the driver through pitch variations. However, ICE noise pitch variations are correlated to the engine's rotations per minute (RPM) and its dynamics is covered within a limited vehicle speed range. In order to provide the driver with extended pitch variations throughout the full vehicle speed range, we based our sonification strategy on the Shepard-Risset glissando. Such illusory infinite ascending/descending sounds enable to represent accelerations with significant pitch variations for an unlimited range of speeds. In this way, it is possible to conserve the metaphor of ICE noise with unheard gearshifts. We tested this sonification strategy in a perceptual test in a driving simulator and showed that the mapping of this acoustical feedback affects the drivers' perception of vehicle dynamics

Interior sonification of Zero emission vehicles : strategy proposal and impact on driver’s perception

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Interior sonification of Zero emission vehicles : strategy proposal and impact on driver’s perception

International audienc

High Midterm Survival Rate of Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty After High Tibial Osteotomy: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is technically more demanding than TKA in a native knee. Studies have reported increased intraoperative and postoperative complication of TKA with previous HTO. The aim of this study is to compare the survival and complication rates and functional outcomes of uncemented TKA with previous HTO to primary TKA at our institution over a decade. METHODS: This case-control study included 41 uncemented TKA after HTO between 2002 and 2012. For each case, 2 control patients were matched based on age and gender without previous HTO. The 2 groups were comparable for body mass index, as well as preoperative functional scores. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 7.8 ± 2.4 (range, 5-13.6) years. At last follow-up, there was no significant difference in functional outcomes or radiological imaging, particularly the rate of radiological loosening. There was no significant difference in complications (9; 22%) in the group of TKA after HTO vs the control group (14; 17%). One revision was performed in the group of TKA after HTO for septic loosening, and no revisions in the control group. The survival rate at a mean follow-up of 8 years was 97.6% in the group TKA after HTO vs 100% in the control group. CONCLUSION: Uncemented TKAs following HTO have no significant difference in functional and radiological outcomes and survivorship compared to uncemented primary TKA at midterm follow-up

Neutral to Lombard Speech Conversion with Deep Learning

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