TEACHING METHODS USED IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: A CONTENT ANALYSIS STUDY

This study aims to reveal the situation and trends in teaching methods used in special education. Content analysis and citation analysis were used in this study as a research model. Published documents were obtained from Scopus by using the keywords ‘teaching method’ and ‘special education’ and a total number of 63 documents were obtained. The published documents were examined based on the previously determined content analysis criteria involving year of publication, name of the journals, authors, affiliations, countries, document type, subject area, keywords, language and citations. Data were analysed and provided with frequency and percentages. Results generally showed that there is an increase in the number of researches on teaching methods and special education throughout the years, most of the published documents were articles and from the areas of social sciences and psychology. All of the results were discussed with the relevant literature and recommendations for further research and practices were presented

Final Report of Taskforce 41 Electric Freight Vehicles

The Taskforce 41 Electric Freight Vehicles (EFV) of the IEA Technology Collaboration Program Hybrid and Electric Vehicles aimed to monitor progress and review relevant aspects for a successful introduction of electric freight vehicles (EFV) into the market. Four focus areas were included for this purpose

Optical and electrical design guidelines for ZnO/CdS nanorod-based CdTe solar cells

An alternative structure to planar CdTe solar cells is realized by coating ZnO/CdS nanorods (NRs) with a CdTe layer. These structures are expected to achieve high-powered conversion efficiencies through enhanced light absorption and charge carrier collection. ZnO NR-based CdTe solar cell efficiencies; however, they have remained well below their planar counterparts, thus hindering NRs in CdTe solar cells' advantages. Here, we analyze the light trapping and carrier collection efficiencies in two types of ZnO NR-based CdTe solar cells through optical and electrical simulations. The buried CdTe solar cells are formed by completely filling the gaps in between ZnO/CdS NRs. This produces a maximum achievable photo-current of 27.4 mA/cm(2) when 2000 nm-tall and 20 degrees-angularly-deviated NRs are used. A short-circuit current density of 27.3 mA/cm(2) is achievable with the same geometry for 5 rods/mu m(2)-dense NRs when a moderate CdTe doping density and a CdS/CdTe surface velocity of 10(16) cm(-3) and 10(4) cm/s are used, respectively. We reveal the potential of buried CdTe solar cell for high-charge carrier collection and provide a design guideline in order to achieve high short-circuit current densities with ZnO NR-based CdTe solar cells. (c) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreemen

Vehicle requirements for electric cargo bikes in commercial transport

Facing problems such as population growth cities have to cope with lack of space and increasing emissions from the transport sector. The need for commercial transport is rising and new sustainable mobility solutions have to be considered. One example is the deployment of electric cargo bikes. To develop a new vehicle concept the heterogeneous user characteristics need to be analysed to identify requirements. By looking at driving profiles and transported goods use cases were developed and included freight transport i.e. the CEP segment, last mile delivery and service transport such as municipal, craftsmen or care services. The results showed that based on the user characteristics all focused segments are suitable for e-cargo bikes. The characteristics differ in particular in operating times, downtime and number of trips, which places higher demands on the charging system and management in the case of service transport due to longer and more frequent travel times

Moving on from a Diesel Mindset—Understanding Enablers and Challenges for Electrifying Road Freight Using Stakeholder Engagement

Achieving net zero by 2050 requires the decarbonisation of road transport. Electrification is recognised as a market-ready solution for certain transport segments, but it still poses a considerable challenge when applied to road freight. Any consensus on the technology choice for road freight electrification has still not been established. Embedding stakeholder input in the approach to address the technology adoption challenge has proven useful in uncovering various perspectives, which can provide useful insights into managing such transitions. This review paper hence took a three-step approach where the findings from the initial step of the literature search were taken up for the second step of stakeholder validation and feedback. The third step involved an analysis of the input gathered and the subsequent literature review to arrive at the conclusions. The outcome from the stakeholder engagement suggests that any specific technology can only support the transition to electrified road freight if enabled by system changes around policy, infrastructure, user behaviour, and the societal setup A follow-up literature review validated the need for a sociotechnical approach to such transitions where system changes are involved. The review also found gaps in the literature when it comes to embedding such sociotechnical approaches to technology adoption for road freight transport

Dužinsko-maseni i dužinsko-dužinski odnos za 21 vrstu riba ulovljenih u Izmirskom zaljevu

This study exhibits relationships between length-weight and length-length for 21 fish species caught in Izmir Bay. Coefficients a and b for the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) were calculated with W=aLb formulae and as equations of TL=a+bFL and TL=a+bSL respectively. Equations of length-length for converting standard length and fork length into total length and vice versa were proven linear. The involved relationships were significantly interrelated (R2>0.942). Values b in the LWRs varied from 2.21 to 3.96 (mean ± SE: 3.15 ± 0.08). The student’s t-test showed that 87.9% of values b were significantly different from 3.U ovom radu se prikazuje povezanost dužinsko-masenog odnosa i dužinsko-dužinskog odnosa za 21 vrstu riba ulovljenih u Izmirskom zaljevu. Koeficijenti a i b za odnos dužinsko-masenog (LWR) i odnos dužinsko-dužinskog (LLR) izračunati su s formulama W = a/b i kao jednadžbom TL = a + bFL i TL = a + bSL. Jednadžbe za pretvaranja standardne duljine i vilične duljine u ukupnu duljinu i obrnuto, pokazale su se linearnima. Uključeni odnosi bili su značajno međusobno povezani (R2> 0,942). Vrijednosti b u LWR varirale su od 2,21 do 3,96 (srednja vrijednost ± SE: 3,15 ± 0,08). Stu-dentov t-test pokazao je da se 87,9% vrijednosti b značajno razlikuje od 3

Efficacy of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Patients with Increased Intracranial Pressure

Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) on visual functions in patients with increased intracranial pressure (İİP).Materials and Methods:The medical records of 24 eyes of 17 patients who had İİP due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, or intracranial cyst and underwent ONSF surgery to prevent visual loss were evaluated. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity, optic disc images, and visual field findings were reviewed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 30.4±8.5 years, and 88.2% were female. The patients’ mean body mass index was 28.67±6.1 kg/m2. The mean follow-up time was 24±12.1 months (range: 3-44). At postoperative 3 months, the mean best-corrected distance visual acuity had improved in 20 eyes (83.3%) and stabilized in 4 eyes (16.7%) compared to preoperative values. In visual field mean deviation, an improvement was observed in 10 eyes (90.9%), while 1 eye (9.1%) eye remained stable. Optic disc edema decreased in all patients.Conclusion:This study indicates that ONSF has beneficial effects on visual function in patients with rapidly progressive visual loss caused by increased intracranial pressure

The future role of synthetic fuels in German road transport - estimation of potential fuel demand using technology-based scenario analyses

The reduction of CO2 emissions from road transport in Germany has been minimal, with only a 6 percent decrease since 1990. However, the national aim is to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions by 2045. This paper outlines a scenario model that estimates the adoption of alternative drive systems and energy sources in the car and truck sector, as well as the resulting energy demand in Germany until 2050. The findings indicate that battery electric vehicles will rapidly become the norm in all scenarios, although even with stricter CO2 fleet regulations, the German government's climate goals may not be reached without additional measures. The use of climate-neutral synthetic fuels, in combination with other transportation policy instruments, could help to attain the CO2 sector targets for German transportation

The emotional analysis of children with special needs during tablet usage in education

The aim of this research is to determine the emotions of the students who need special education during the teaching process through Tablet. Document analysis method was used to determine the emotions of the students who need of special education in the process of teaching through tablet. Five years old, three mentally retarded students were involved in the process of using the software. In the study, descriptive analysis method of Strauss & Corbin was used for the analysis of data obtained through interviews and observation forms. According to the results of the artificial intelligence emotions analysis, it is seen that the students are happy and eager to learn in the process of teaching with tablet. Another common point is that they are a bit confused sometimes, although they are eager in the initial teaching sessions. As a result, it can be said that the positive results of the emotional analysis and positive results obtained from the teaching sessions with the tablet support each other