The Convergence of Player Experience Questionnaires

Player experience is an important field of digital games research to understand how games influence players. A common way to directly measure players’ reported experiences is through questionnaires. However, the large number of questionnaires currently in use introduces several challenges both in terms of selecting suitable measures and comparing results across studies. In this paper, we review some of the most widely known and used questionnaires and focus on the immersive experience questionnaire (IEQ), the game engagement questionnaire (GEQ), and the player experience of need satisfaction (PENS), with the aim to position each of them in relation to each other. This was done through an online survey, in which we gathered 270 responses from players about their most recent experience of a digital game. Our findings show considerable convergence between these three questionnaires and that there is room to refine them into a more widely applicable measure of general game engagement

Compact objects in conformal nonlinear electrodynamics

In this paper we consider a special case of vacuum non-linear electrodynamics with a stress-energy tensor conformal to the Maxwell theory. Distinctive features of this model are: the absence of dimensional parameter for non-linearity description and a very simple form of the dominant energy condition, which can be easily verified in an arbitrary pseudo-riemannian space-time with the consequent constrains on the model parameters. In this paper we analyse some properties of astrophysical compact objects coupled to conformal vacuum non-linear electrodynamics

The concept of special escrow accounts to improve mortgage housing loans in Russia

Purpose: The article aims to identify and evaluate the key determinants of improving mortgage lending in Russia. Increasing the participation of financial institutions in the application of escrow accounts is of paramount importance in terms of fine-tuning the process of improving mortgage lending in Russia. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to further improve housing mortgage lending, it seems necessary: firstly, to identify new opportunities that contribute to the development of a system of interaction between credit and financial organizations and borrowers in terms of using the innovative functions of escrow accounts; secondly, to highlight the functions, during the application of which the increase in the efficiency of the escrow account mechanism will be optimal; thirdly, to formulate recommendations on the implementation of the necessary changes in the process of applying escrow accounts, taking into account the peculiarities of mortgage lending in Russia. Findings: To fully take into account the potential impact of special escrow accounts on the process of interaction between the lender and the borrower, an additional escrow account functionality was developed, aimed at improving mortgage lending. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be put into practice in order to expand the range of escrow account functions used in the process of mortgage lending in Russia. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the emphasis on the need to introduce innovative approaches to increase the functionality of escrow accounts used in the process of mortgage lending in Russia.peer-reviewe

The digitalization features of the Russian social media market insurance service

Purpose: The article aims to identify the features of digital techniques introduction and functioning in the insurance industry and the social insurance system. The information techniques used allows to quickly and with the best results to process large amounts of data, thereby increasing the efficiency of all the spheres to reduce social and commercial risks. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to substantiate introducing the digital techniques expediency in the activity of the insurance system, it is necessary, first, to consider the advantages and disadvantages of information techniques use in the commercial and social insurance. Second, to describe the main digital programs, the implementation of which will increase the targeting and personalization of insurance services. Findings: For the digital techniques introduction in the sphere of insurance relations it is necessary to form the wholly new structure of insurance assets that meet the priorities of the digital economy; to create the necessary conditions for the development and implementation of modern actuarial techniques; to create conditions for increasing incomes and the life standard of the population in order to stimulate demand for insurance services; to change the structure and quality of social services. Practical implications: The results of the study can be implemented in the practice of social funds and insurance companies in order to improve the quality of insurance services. Originality/value: The main contribution of this research is to transfer the processes and mechanisms for the global digital economy and global digital space formation to the social and insurance relations.peer-reviewe

Directed transport in periodically rocked random sawtooth potentials

We study directed transport of overdamped particles in a periodically rocked random sawtooth potential. Two transport regimes can be identified which are characterized by a nonzero value of the average velocity of particles and a zero value, respectively. The properties of directed transport in these regimes are investigated both analytically and numerically in terms of a random sawtooth potential and a periodically varying driving force. Precise conditions for the occurrence of transition between these two transport regimes are derived and analyzed in detail.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Too Many Questionnaires: Measuring Player Experience Whilst Playing Digital Games

Player experience is an important area of research in digital games. The findings are crucial for the developers, designers and reviewers of games, allowing for the better understanding of player experience whilst playing digital games. Questionnaires are a way to directly measure the reported experiences of players. This approach in games research, however, is challenging for new researchers because of the proliferation of questionnaires available. The problem is knowing which questionnaires are measuring what aspect of experience. This paper sets out the need for positioning the various questionnaires in relation to each other. We list all the current available questionnaires to measure engagement whilst playing digital games. We, therefore, argue that further investigation on these questionnaires is needed to produce better quality questionnaires and reduce confusion amongst player experience researchers

Arrival time distribution for a driven system containing quenched dichotomous disorder

We study the arrival time distribution of overdamped particles driven by a constant force in a piecewise linear random potential which generates the dichotomous random force. Our approach is based on the path integral representation of the probability density of the arrival time. We explicitly calculate the path integral for a special case of dichotomous disorder and use the corresponding characteristic function to derive prominent properties of the arrival time probability density. Specifically, we establish the scaling properties of the central moments, analyze the behavior of the probability density for short, long, and intermediate distances. In order to quantify the deviation of the arrival time distribution from a Gaussian shape, we evaluate the skewness and the kurtosis.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Analytically solvable model of a driven system with quenched dichotomous disorder

We perform a time-dependent study of the driven dynamics of overdamped particles which are placed in a one-dimensional, piecewise linear random potential. This set-up of spatially quenched disorder then exerts a dichotomous varying random force on the particles. We derive the path integral representation of the resulting probability density function for the position of the particles and transform this quantity of interest into the form of a Fourier integral. In doing so, the evolution of the probability density can be investigated analytically for finite times. It is demonstrated that the probability density contains both a $\delta$-singular contribution and a regular part. While the former part plays a dominant role at short times, the latter rules the behavior at large evolution times. The slow approach of the probability density to a limiting Gaussian form as time tends to infinity is elucidated in detail.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure