Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for endothelial dysfunction correction with use of statines in syndrome of systemic inflammatory response

The ways of pharmacological correction of cardiovascular complications in the syndrome of the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) are not fully developed. Goal: Determination of statins‘ new pharmacological effects and its combination with endothelioprotectors in the SIRS correction. Materals and Methods: In experiments on mice, rats and rabbits, the antiinflammatory, cardioprotective and endothelioprotective effects of statins and endothelioprotectors were explored. The modeling of endotoxin-induced endothelial dysfunction (EIED) was created by infecting rats with Staphylococcus aureus (strain 13407), subcutaneously (60 billion microbial bodies). To determine the activity of the inflammatory process, the indices of the C-reactive protein used. The involvement of the cytokine link of inflammation was assessed according to the plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Modeling of L-NAME-induced pathology and further evaluation of endothelial and endothelium-independent vascular reactions were carried through according to a standard protoco

Concomitant use of statins and s-(2-boron-ethyl)-l-cysteine arginase inhibitor to correct endotoxin-induced endothelial dysfunction

The concomitant use of non-selective S-(2-boron-ethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) arginase inhibitor with simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and nanoparticulated rosuvastatin on the background of endotoxin-induced disorder modeling by Staphylococcus aureus (strain 13407) injection under the skin – 60 billions of microbial bodies – exhibits an endothelium- and cardioprotective action which is evident as endothelial dysfunction factor (EDF) increase prevention, adrenoreactivity, maintenance of myocardial reserve, and normalization of biochemical markers (total NO, expression of eNOS, C-reactive protein, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor

Lipid distress-syndrome and prospects of its correction by statines

Endothelial dysfunction in peritonitis: The formed concept of lipid distress syndrome (LDS) allows us to develop a working hypothesis on the key role of endothelial dysfunction in the aggressive development of atherosclerosis. The role of vascular endothelium in atherosclerosis: The process of NO production from L-arginine through eNOS involving tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is discussed. With the degradation of BH4 along the free radical path, an "eNOS uncouplation" (uncoupled eNOS). The clinical role of statins: Statins manifests itself by inhibiting the enzyme 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA reductase). Many large, randomized clinical trials have shown that lipid-lowering strategies that include statins have an anti-atherogenic potentia

Management of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ukraine: how well are we doing?

Setting: A tertiary care facility in Ukraine, a high multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) burden country. Objectives: To assess the management and treatment outcomes of MDR, pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB. Design: Cohort study using programme data, 2006–2011. Results: Of 484 individuals with drug-resistant TB, 217 (45%) had MDR-, 153 (32%) pre-XDR- and 114 (24%) XDR-TB. Of all resistant types completing the intensive phase of treatment, 322 (67%) were alive and had culture converted. This included 157 (72%) with MDR- and 61 (54%) with XDR-TB. At the end of the continuation phase of treatment, 106 (22%) had treatment success and 378 (78%) had unfavourable outcomes, including 110 (23%) failures, 21 (4%) deaths, 71 (15%) losses to follow-up and 176 (36%) with an unknown outcome. This was associated with more than one lung cavity being affected, a history of treatment with second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, poor adherence and XDR-TB. A total of 226 (47%) patients reported at least one adverse drug reaction, the most common being gastrointestinal and vestibular toxicity. Conclusion: Outcomes of MDR- and XDR-TB were satisfactory in the intensive phase; however, this was not sustained during the ambulatory period. If we are to do better, urgent measures are needed to improve ambulatory management, including making safer, shorter and more effective drug regimens available

Open access for operational research publications from low- and middle-income countries: who pays?

Open-access journal publications aim to ensure that new knowledge is widely disseminated and made freely accessible in a timely manner so that it can be used to improve people's health, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we briefly explain the differences between closed- and open-access journals, including the evolving idea of the 'open-access spectrum'. We highlight the potential benefits of supporting open access for operational research, and discuss the conundrum and ways forward as regards who pays for open access

ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК ZnO+10 % ITO НА ПОДЛОЖКАХ АНОДНОГО ОКСИДА АЛЮМИНИЯ

ZnO thin films of zinc oxide doped with 10 % ITO (indium tin oxide) on anodic aluminum oxide substrates are formed in vacuum during high-frequency repetitively pulsed laser deposition. The morphology of films on porous and non-porous surfaces of substrates was studied by atomic force microscopy. The optical properties of the films in the visible, near, and middle IR regions of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, the Raman spectra, and also the features of the photoluminescence characteristics have been experimentally investigated. Zinc oxide films can be used in optoelectronic transducers, as luminescent material, in the form of transparent electrodes, sensitive layers of gas and biological sensors, catalysts, X-ray and gamma-radiation detectors.Тонкие пленки оксида цинка ZnO, легированные 10 % ITO (оксидом индия-олова), на подложках из анодного оксида алюминия сформированы в вакууме при высокочастотном импульснопериодическом лазерном осаждении. Методом атомно-силовой микроскопии изучены морфологии пленок на пористой и беспористой поверхностях подложек. Экспериментально исследованы оптические свойства пленок в видимой, ближней и средней инфракрасных областях спектра электромагнитного излучения, спектры комбинационного рассеяния, а также особенности фотолюминесцентных характеристик. Пленки оксида цинка могут быть использованы в оптоэлектронных преобразователях как люминесцентный материал, в виде прозрачных электродов, чувствительных слоев газовых и биологических сенсоров, катализаторов, детекторов рентгеновского и гамма-излучений

Concomitant use of statins and s-(2-boron-ethyl)-l-cysteine arginase inhibitor to correct endotoxin-induced endothelial dysfunction

The concomitant use of non-selective S-(2-boron-ethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) arginase inhibitor with simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and nanoparticulated rosuvastatin on the background of endotoxin-induced disorder modeling by Staphylococcus aureus (strain 13407) injection under the skin – 60 billions of microbial bodies – exhibits an endothelium- and cardioprotective action which is evident as endothelial dysfunction factor (EDF) increase prevention, adrenoreactivity, maintenance of myocardial reserve, and normalization of biochemical markers (total NO, expression of eNOS, C-reactive protein, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor

Lipid distress-syndrome and prospects of its correction by statines

Endothelial dysfunction in peritonitis: The formed concept of lipid distress syndrome (LDS) allows us to develop a working hypothesis on the key role of endothelial dysfunction in the aggressive development of atherosclerosis. The role of vascular endothelium in atherosclerosis: The process of NO production from L-arginine through eNOS involving tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is discussed. With the degradation of BH4 along the free radical path, an "eNOS uncouplation" (uncoupled eNOS). The clinical role of statins: Statins manifests itself by inhibiting the enzyme 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA reductase). Many large, randomized clinical trials have shown that lipid-lowering strategies that include statins have an anti-atherogenic potentia

Heterogeneous Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation with a Ru-bda Oligomer Anchored on Graphitic Electrodes via CH−π Interactions

Molecular catalysts can promote ammonia oxidation, providing mechanistic insights into the electrochemical N cycle for a carbon-free fuel economy. We report the ammonia oxidation activity of carbon anodes functionalized with the oligomer {[Ru(bda-κ-NO)(4,4'-bpy)](4,4'-bpy)}, Rubda-10, where bda is [2,2'-bipyridine]-6,6'-dicarboxylate and 4,4'-bpy is 4,4'-bipyridine. Electrocatalytic studies in propylene carbonate demonstrate that the Ru-based hybrid anode used in a 3-electrode configuration transforms NH to N and H in a 1:3 ratio with near-unity faradaic efficiency at an applied potential of 0.1 V vs Fc, reaching turnover numbers of 7500. X-ray absorption spectroscopic analysis after bulk electrolysis confirms the molecular integrity of the catalyst. Based on computational studies together with electrochemical evidence, ammonia nucleophilic attack is proposed as the primary pathway that leads to critical N-N bond formation