Po Maidano protestų sekusių įvykių ir Krymo aneksijos pateikimas vietiniuose laikraščiuose rusų kalba Lietuvoje (2014 m., kovas)

In 2014, some significant geopolitical changes in the region of Central and Eastern Europe took place. After the so-called Euromaidan events in Ukraine, Moscow took advantage of the situation and annexed the Crimean peninsula. The global agenda was dominated by the discussions about “hybrid war”, “information warfare,” etc. It was obvious that the Kremlin used propaganda in its operation in Crimea in order to manipulate the public opinion and to include ethnic minorities (Russian-speaking inhabitants of Crimea) into its games.In the above context of Kremlin’s practice of involving compatriots from near abroad (including Lithuania) into geopolitical processes, as well as facing the challenge of propaganda, it is important to look how the events in Ukraine were covered in the Russian-language newspapers in Lithuania. The materials of research become publications in the weeklies “Litovskij kurjer”, “Obzor”, and “Ekspress-nedelia”. The question of the research was: did these newspapers use narratives of the Kremlin propaganda, and if so, how strong was the representation of these narratives?2014 metais Centrinės ir Rytų Europos regione įvyko reikšmingi geopolitiniai pokyčiai. Po vadinamųjų Maidano įvykių Ukrainoje Maskva pasinaudojo situacija ir aneksavo Krymo pusiasalį. Šia įvykiai paskatino moksliniame ir ekspertiniame pasaulyje atnaujinti aktyvesnes diskusijas apie tokius reiškinius kaip „informacinis karas“, „hibridinis karas“ ir pan. Buvo pastebėta, jog vykdydamas operaciją Kryme Kremlius aktyviai naudojo propagandos priemones, siekdamas manipuliuoti vietinių gyventojų nuomone bei savotiškai įtraukdamas rusakalbius Krymo gyventojus į savo žaidimą.Suprantant šiuolaikinės Kremliaus propagandos keliamą pavojų, kaip ir bandymą įtraukti užsienyje (taip pat ir Lietuvoje) gyvenančius tėvynainius į tam tikrus geopolitinius procesus, verta išanalizuoti, kokiu būdu Krymo aneksijos įvykiai buvo pateikti vietinėje rusakalbėje spaudoje Lietuvoje. Tyrimo objektu tapo rusakalbiai savaitraščiai „Litovskij kurjer“, „Obzor“ ir „Ekspress-nedelia“. Tyrimo metu buvo siekta nustatyti, ar minėtų įvykių pateikime buvo naudojami atitinkami Kremliaus propagandos naratyvai? Taip pat buvo siekta nustatyti, kiek plačiai tokio pobūdžio naratyvai buvo atspindėti vietinės rusakalbės spaudos publikacijose

Žurnalistai ir ideologiniai apribojimai interneto poveikio kontekste (Rusijos atvejis)

Šis straipsnis1 skirtas ideologinių apribojimų, kuriuos patiria žurnalistai nelaisvose šalyse, problematikai aptarti. Pateikiami ir aptariami šeši paradigminio pobūdžio pavyzdžiai, rodantys, kaip ideologinio poveikio apribojimai veikia Rusijos žiniasklaidos sferą ir kokį poveikį šiems apribojimams turi interneto veiksnys. Parodoma, kad vadinamoji virtualioji (arba alternatyvioji) viešoji informacinė erdvė iš tikrųjų suteikia galimybę kovoti su ideologiniais apribojimais, skleisti necenzūruotą informaciją.Tačiau interneto veiksnio nereikėtų pervertinti. Straipsnyje cituojamas Jacobo Grosheko tyrimas byloja, kad interneto plėtros poveikis demokratijos sklaidai nėra stiprus ir pastebimas. Taip pat, vertinant duomenis apie Rusijos interneto vartotojų įpročius ir jų prioritetus ieškant informacijos virtualioje erdvėje, daromos išvados, kad nors internetas gali būti svarbus demokratinius pokyčius palaikantis elementas, tikroji jo reikšmė šiai sferai galėtų padidėti tik tuo atveju, jeigu Rusijos raidoje įvyktų esminių pokyčių demokratėjimo linkme.Esminiai žodžiai: alternatyvi informacinė erdvė, ideologinis apribojimas, netiesioginė cenzūra, savicenzūra

The basic concepts of the Baltic States image in the Russian periodical press after the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991–2009)

The Russian Federation and the Baltic States region are neigh­bors belonging to different geopolitical paradigms. Since 2004, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are members of the European Union and NATO. Rus­sia after a short period of pseudo-democratization after the collapse of the Soviet Union came back to imperial discourse in so-called Putin’s era. The new imperial discourse is based on concepts of the “Russian world”, “compa­triots” as well as on the specific strategy in relations with states from “near abroad”. Periodical press and another media (especially, TV) are involved in political processes of the Russian Federation. Research of the Baltic States’ image in the Russian periodical press shows how this particular geopolitical region (of the Baltic States) is represented in the Russian media in different periods after the collapse of the Soviet Union

Kremliaus propagandinių matricų, taikomų Baltijos šalims ir Ukrainai, panašumai ir skirtumai

In the article are analysed paradigms of Kremlin’s propaganda, used against the Baltic States and Ukraine. The research was made in a context of information warfare Russia implement against countries of the post-soviet area. The analysis of paradigms allows spotlight models of basic propaganda’s narratives – the matrix of propaganda. On the final stage of the research different matrix was compared. The main conclusion is that Kremlin uses similar strategies of propaganda against the Baltic States and Ukraine. In fact, first Kremlin’s propaganda matrix was formed after the collapse of Soviet Union and was used against Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Later comparable narratives were implemented against Ukraine (in the most powerful way during Maidan events and annexation of Crimea in 2014).Straipsnyje analizuojamos propagandinės matricos, suda­rytos iš propagandinių naratyvų paradigmų, naudojamų Kremliaus pro­pagandiniam puolimui prieš Baltijos šalis ir Ukrainą. Aiškinami matricų formavimo principai, išskiriamos ir tiriamos jų ypatybės. Darbe taip pat tarpusavyje lyginamos Rusijos informacinėje erdvėje formuojamos Baltijos šalių ir Ukrainos pozicijos propagandinėse matricose. Fiksuojami analizuo­jamų matricų panašumai ir skirtumai. Tokio pobūdžio tyrimas ypač aktualus tampa naujausių geopolitinių realijų kontekste, atsižvelgiant į 2014 metais Ukrainos atžvilgiu Rusijos naudotą hibridinio karo taktiką ir tai, kokį vaidmenį čia atliko propaganda

Un enfoque sistémico de la seguridad vial en la Unión Europea

The article considers the main directions for implementing the Road Safety Strategy for 2021-2030 adopted by the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU Road Safety Policy). It reveals targets and indicators of this Strategy and dwells on the Safe System approach to road safety, which is the basis of the EU Road Safety Policy. The Safe System is based on such concepts as Vision Zero and Sustainable Safety and influences the main elements of the road traffic system (vehicles, road network, road users) to ensure the safety of transportation. The comparative analysis of the EU Road Safety Policy and the Russian Road Safety Strategy for 2018-2024 has demonstrated similar directions in their implementation. However, the European document is characterized by a greater consistency and scientific validity of the measures being developed with due regard to the latest trends in the field of road traffic. The Road Safety Strategy adopted in Russia traditionally considers the violation of traffic rules by vehicle drivers.El artículo está dedicado al análisis de las principales áreas de implementación de la Estrategia para la seguridad vial para 2021-2030 adoptada en el territorio de la Unión Europea (en adelante, la Estrategia SV de la UE). Se examinan los objetivos y los indicadores de esta Estrategia, se revela el contenido del enfoque de seguridad vial Safe System, que es la base de la Estrategia Europea. Safe System se basa en los principios de las concepciones Vision Zero y Sustainable Safety y tiene como objetivo influir en los principales elementos del sistema de tráfico (vehículos, red de carreteras, usuarios de carretera) para garantizar la seguridad del proceso de transporte. El análisis comparativo de la Estrategia SV de la Unión Europea y la Estrategia SV de Rusia para 2018-2024 mostró la similitud de las principales esferas de aplicación, pero el documento europeo se caracteriza por una mayor sistematización y validez científica de las medidas que se están desarrollando, por tener en cuenta las últimas tendencias en materia de tráfico, mientras que la Estrategia SV adoptada en Rusia tradicionalmente considera la violación de las Normas de tráfico por los conductores de vehículos como la principal causa de los accidentes de tráfico

The culture of change in lithuanian national daily newspaper

This scientific research work aims to define the trends of change in work of the Lithuanian mass media. The conception of these trends includes several topical issues, for example, the way in which the Lithuanian mass media’s attitudes towards selection and presentment of topical information were changing, and to what extent the trends in changes of Lithuanian mass media correlate with the principles of contemporary philosophy and cultural theories, especially post-modern theories. The subjects of the research were the main Lithuanian national daily newspapers, “Lietuvos rytas” and “Respublika” in period from 1995 to 2005. The method of research was monitoring of the chosen subject, recording of the noticed changes, and defining the trends of the latter. We used methods of quantitative analysis (for example, how the quantity of the illustrations in the chosen daily newspapers changed through the years), as well as the principles of qualitative analysis. The aim of the analysis was to trace and describe the trends in changes, gained in some period of time, paying special attention towards the alteration of content quality and conformation of the chosen newspapers. It was tried also to observe the influence of the new technologies (Internet) on the traditional media. Also the analysis of newspaper’s “Lietuvos rytas” web page (www.lrytas.lt) was accomplished. Interaction between the activity of the readers of the web page and its content are shown. While writing the theoretical part of the work, mostly the postmodern theories were taken into consideration. This was done because of the dominant position, which these theories hold in the paradigm of contemporary science. Though it is not considered, that the postmodern theories alone may help in explaining the trends in development of the modern society (especially because those theories themselves are still being elaborated), they are thought to be the most significant in reaching the goal of the work. After accomplishing the survey and considering the theoretical works it was come to a conclusion that the culture of changes in modern Lithuanian daily newspapers results in alteration of shape and content of media, with intensification of the post-modern elements (mostly from 1998). Among those the principle of disunity, strive to shock, and abolishment of every possible hierarchy can be mentioned. The amount of yellow journalism and commercials increases, pictures and illustrations become more important, the shape and size of the newspaper become unstable. Also it as noticed, that the printed newspapers are becoming more dependant on the new technologies, the Internet. All this is bound with the acceleration of life, appearance new technologies and changes happening in the society. These trends to a certain extent can be traced in every media. It is noticed that the post-modern elements of modern life may result from the postmodern features of the contemporary media. Researches in this field are of interest for media analysts, public institutes dealing with media, and non-governmental organisations, conducting media’s observations

Rusijos periodinės spaudos požiūris į Baltijos šalis geopolitinių pokyčių kontekste (1991-2009)

In summary is presented the problematic aspects of research, showed earlier researches of another scientists, presented structure of dissertation and conclusive evidences

От Санкт-Петербурга до Монтвилишкес и прочие социальные зарисовки

Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos literatūra; Poezija; Vilnius; Vitalij Klimovič; Vitalijus Klimovičius; Šiuolaikinė poezija; Lithuanian literature; Modern poetry; Poetry; Vilnius; Vitalij Klimovi