Neolithization Processes of East Belgium:Supra-Regional Relationships Between Groups Highlighted by Technological Analysis of Lithic Industry

International audienceTechnological analysis of variations in blade production and the flow of siliceous raw materials revealed new understandings of different types of socioeconomic functioning on a supra-regional scale. In this article, we are focusing on supra-regional relationships between technical groups and the social dynamics involved in early Neolithic mobility within the communities of East Belgium. A detailed technological analysis was done to highlight discrete characteristics that permit the identification of distinct technical groups within the village of Vaux-et-Borset. Four technical groups have been identified in the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain village, whereas two technical groups have been highlighted for the previous Linear Pottery culture (LPC) occupation. The search for the origin of the different technical groups was to understand the micro-processes of Neolithization in East Belgium. A central area with a high-density population during the pioneer LPC colonization, Hesbaye became a peripheral occupation area of the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture. This fringe territory seemed to attract neighbouring communities in different ways. Multidirectional dynamics seems to characterize this small territory leading to the coexistence of a high diversity of technical groups

Labels on seafood products in different European countries and their compliance to EU legislation

Funding Information: This study was funded by the European Regional Development Fund Interreg Atlantic Area, EAPA_87/2016 .Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Seafood labelling in different eu countries and their compliance to eu regulations

Poster.-- Aquaculture Europe 2021, October 4-7, Funchal-Madeira, PortugalN

Diversité technique des débitages laminaires au Néolithique ancien à Vaux-et-Borset (Hesbaye, Belgique):Manières de faire, problèmes d’interprétation et perspectives anthropologiques

International audienceThis study explores the technical diversity of blade production in the village of Vaux-et-Borset located in Hesbaye (Belgium), where two settlements have been excavated. The first dates to the Linear Pottery Culture and the second is dated to the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture. The Linear Pottery Culture settlement comprises of five houses and an enclosure. Stratigraphic observations, combined with the different orientations of the farmsteads suggest two or three occupation phases. The Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain village also comprises of five houses. This paper will focus on the flint industry from these settlements or more precisely on the blades, the study of which underlines a large technical diversity. The objective is to propose a new interpretation of these lithic industries aimed at defining technical traditions, based on the identification of technical processes acquired through learning. By studying both Linear Pottery culture and Blicquian productions, based on 755 Linear Pottery blades and 1186 Bliquian blades, we aim to understand the relationship between continuity and innovation in these two cultural groups from the unprecedented perspective of the transmission of technical expertise. Linear Pottery knappers and Blicquian knappers from Vaux-et-Borset do not select the same siliceous materials to produce their blades, as the former has clearly oriented their selection towards local raw materials, whereas the proportion of exogenous flint blades in Blicquian contexts is extremely high and is largely preferred in several housing units. The large supply of exogenous raw materials to the Blicquian settlement does not seem to be for the manufacture of tools for a particular technical activity, but was used for the village's contemporary needs, on the same basis as local materials. The productions are similar with the manufacture of small blades (7-10 cm) with a trapezoidal section. Furthermore, all raw materials seem to have been knapped locally, raising the question of the identity of the knappers, which is highlighted by their technical diversity and expressed by the differential treatment of the striking platforms and the preparations made for the detachment of the blades. Some blades have been knapped on a flat striking platform, some on a facetted one and the preparations for the detachment seem to have been done with a punch or a stone. Within the various stages and operations of blade production, theprocessing of striking platforms seems to constitute a technical action relaying a strong identity. Furthermore, it isnecessary to underline the technical homogeneity within the Linear Pottery context, whereas in the Blicquian contextthe three raw materials are processed according to three different technical modalities. There is also a difference in theskills. Several knappers know specific arrangements to obtain more regular trapezoidal section blades, with a technicalprocess that requires a good skill level. This underlines that it is the ideas and the technical know-how that distinguishthe knapper groups. However, this distinction does not explain the technical variability observed in the processing ofstriking platforms and in the preparation for the detachment of the blades. The observed differences do not lead to theproduction of blanks for specific tools, nor are they justified by the intrinsic qualities of the raw materials. For an equivalentproduction context, we therefore propose that this technical variability reflects different ways of doing used byknappers in the settlements. This study distinguishes three main and two minor ways. Knappers of the Linear Potteryculture use local raw materials and the same way to manufacture blades. Only rare artefacts attest to the implementationof a different procedure, probably introduced during one of the site later phases. Blicquian knappers use diverse waysof doing. There are two main technical traditions, the first carries on the traditions of the Linear Pottery culture, thesecond, involving exogenous flints, uses another method. Two new ways of doing that are absent from Linear Potterycontexts have also been observed. There is therefore a certain technical continuity between the Linear Pottery cultureand the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture, which attests to the transmission of knowledge through the generations.This transmission indicates the coexistence of at least two learning networks among Early Neolithic knappers.Moreover, the Linear Pottery knappers of Vaux-et-Borset almost all seem to come from the same learning network,unlike the four technical groups distinguished among the Blicquian knappers. This diversity of technical practices andtechnical traditions used by the Blicquians is discussed. As the data currently stands, it seems that this may result fromboth the mobility of neighbouring populations and the syncretism of certain traditions.Cette étude explore la diversité technique de la production laminaire dans les villages rubané et Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain de Vaux-et-Borset (Hesbaye, Belgique). Cette diversité technique est essentiellement définie par un traitement différentiel des plans de frappe et des préparations au détachement des lames. Or, les différences relevées ne conduisent pas à la production de supports pour un outillage spécifique. Elles ne se justifient pas non plus par les qualités intrinsèques des matières premières. À contexte de production équivalent, nous proposons dès lors que cette variabilité technique reflète différentes manières de faire parmi les tailleurs du village de Vaux-et-Borset. La reconnaissance d’une véritable continuité de certaines manières de faire entre le Rubané et la culture Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain atteste de leur transmission dans le temps. Cette transmission signe la coexistence d’au moins deux filières d’apprentissage chez les tailleurs au Néolithique ancien. Par ailleurs, les tailleurs rubanés du village de Vaux-et-Borset semblent presque tous issus du même réseau d’apprentissage contrairement aux quatre groupes distingués chez les tailleurs blicquiens. La diversité des pratiques techniques et des traditions techniques au cours du Blicquien est discutée. En l’état actuel des données, il semble qu’elle puisse à la fois résulter de la mobilité de populations avoisinantes et du syncrétisme de certaines traditions

Risk of acute kidney injury, end-stage kidney disease and mortality associated with proton pump inhbitor use in patients with chronic kidney disease

56th Congress of the European-Renal-Association (ERA)-European-Dialysis-and-Transplant-Association (EDTA) - Burden, Access and Disparities in Kidney Disease, Budapest, HUNGARY, JUN 13-16, 2019International audienc