Non-volatile electric field-mediated magnetic anisotropy in CoZr/ PMN-PT structure

Introduction: Although electric field mediated the magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structure have an intense report, the angle between the magnetic uniaxial anisotropy and strain anisotropy influencing the rearrangement of the magnetic moment has not well investigated.Methods: Keithley 2410 direct current power supply was used to provide voltage through the Cu wires. Static magnetic properties of CoZr layer were measured through VSM (MicroSense EV9). Dynamic magnetic properties were obtained by FMR (JEOL JES-FA 300 spectrometer, power of 1-mW, X-band at 8.969 GHz).Results and Discussion: Electric field-mediated, room-temperature magnetic anisotropy of CoZr/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) structures, in which easy axis of CoZr layer along either direction of [01-1] or [100] of PMN–PT, was investigated. Measured with vibrating sample magnetometer, for [01-1] easy-axis direction sample, when an electric field was applied, these directions of easy axis and hard axis remains unchanged. However, for [100] easy-axis direction sample, these directions of easy axis and hard axis were changed obviously with applying electric field, attributable to the competition between magnetic uniaxial anisotropy of CoZr layer and piezostrain anisotropy of PMN-PT substrate. Nevertheless, change of the resonance magnetic field with electric field–measured by ferromagnetic resonance–exhibited non-volatile behavior, which possibly indicates magnon-driven magnetoelectric coupling existing in CoZr/PMN–PT structures

Analysis and Optimization of Residential Elements from the Perspective of Multi-Child Families in the Yangtze River Delta Region

Over the last few decades, policy changes have resulted in changes in family structure and cyclical changes within families. The structure of multi-child families will have a significant influence on housing demand and supply, necessitating a thorough demand study. This study examines the requirements of 739 multi-child families in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region at different stages and graphically displays the variables influencing their level of housing satisfaction, offering a scientific reference for the design and optimization of housing. Firstly, the residential elements that impact families with multiple children were categorized into 3 categories, 14 subcategories, and 65 influencing elements based on expert consultation and word frequency data. Secondly, 739 families in the YRD region were chosen for investigation, and importance–performance analysis (IPA) was employed to study and assess the residential elements of multi-child families. The IPA study findings were compared to those obtained from on-site surveys and network data crawling. Finally, the residential elements to be optimized were quantitatively determined, and the relevant optimization techniques were provided in conjunction with door-to-door interviewing. This study examines the needs of multi-child families at various phases, as well as the factors that impact their residential satisfaction, and provides optimization solutions for the long-term use and renewal of residential structures

Upgrading of Rice Husk by Torrefaction and its Influence on the Fuel Properties

Torrefaction refers to thermal treatment of biomass at 200 to 300 °C in an inert atmosphere, which may increase the heating value while reducing the oxygen content and improving the storability. In this study, the effects of torrefaction temperatures on the properties of rice husk were analyzed. Torrefaction experiments were performed using a lab-scale device designed to reduce heat and mass transfer transient effects. A new method is described for clarifying torrefaction time and minimizing experimental error. Results from analysis of torrefaction temperatures (200, 230, 260, and 290 °C) support the supposition that the fiber structure is damaged and disrupted, the atomic oxygen ratio is reduced, the atomic carbon ratio and energy density are increased, the equilibrium moisture content is reduced, and the hydrophobic properties of rice husk are enhanced. The data presented in this paper indicate that torrefaction is an effective method of pretreatment for improving rice husk. Torrefaction at 230 to 260 °C for 30 min was found to optimize fuel properties of the torrefied rice husk

Torrefaction of Rice Husk using TG-FTIR and its Effect on the Fuel Characteristics, Carbon, and Energy Yields

A torrefaction testing method using TG-FTIR is presented, ensuring accuracy of torrefaction temperature and time. Torrefaction experiments of rice husk were performed at different temperatures (200, 230, 260, and 290 °C) for 30 min. The effect of torrefaction on the fuel characteristics was studied. Yields of carbon and oxygen, as well as solid and energy, were also considered. TG-FTIR analysis showed that in the depolymerization stage of the torrefaction process, CO2 characteristic peaks appeared, while those of carbonyl compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons were weaker. In the devolatilization stage, the characteristic peaks of CO2 and H2O were significant. Meanwhile, carbonyl compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenols were gradually produced. After that, each absorption peak gradually became weaker. After torrefaction at 290 °C, more than 76.6% of energy was retained in torrefied rice husk, while the solid yield was only 65.6%. 1.8%~52.2% of oxygen in rice husk was released in the torrefaction temperature range of 200 °C to 290 °C. Torrefaction increased the heating value, reduced the oxygen content, and improved the storability, which indicates that torrefaction is an effective way to improve the properties of rice husk

Inspired by the Seeking Knowledge Strategy for Analects of Confucius to Screen Highly Electrochemically Active Porous Carbon: The Critical Source of Electroactive Sites

In this work, the forestry wastes are converted into a series of porous carbons using H3PO4 activation. These porous carbons feature a large specific surface area (1045.20 m2 g−1) and porosity that combines micro‐, meso‐, and macropores in various amounts depending on the fuel properties recorded for precursors used. Importantly, the C content recorded for forestry waste is one of the crucial factors in defining the specific surface area of the derived porous carbons. In addition, the total capacitance of the pine‐sawdust‐based porous carbon (PS‐C) sample is the highest, such as 220.55 F g−1 upon 5 mV s−1. Notably, the electrical double‐layer capacitance recorded for the samples remains essentially constant with increasing scan rates, such as ≈91.50 F g−1 for the olive‐shell‐based porous carbon, ≈123.70 F g−1 for PS‐C, and ≈105.66 F g−1 for the pine‐needle‐based porous carbon. Encouragingly, the pore‐associated sp3 site holds significant roles in the electrochemical application of the porous carbons. More importantly, the O/C value recorded for the precursor can be employed as a universal predictor of electrochemically active sites produced in porous carbons. In the findings, crucial insights are exhibited into the optimized fabrication of porous carbon with target electrochemically active sites for other applications such as catalysis

Properties and Combustion Characteristics of Molded Solid Fuel Particles Prepared by Pyrolytic Gasification or Sawdust Carbonized Carbon

Pyrolytic gasified charcoal (PGC) and tar are the solid and liquid products, respectively, yielded from biomass gasification technology. In this paper, PGC was molded with adhesives to prepare molded solid fuel (MSF). Tar and PGC were obtained from the pyrolytic gasification of wood chips and sawdust from pine and cedarwood. PGC was molded with phenol resin prepared by wood tar to prepare MSF (MSF-MP). Meanwhile, there were two other methods used to prepare MSF. PGC molded with common phenol resin was one method (MSF-P). PGC was molded with starch adhesive to prepare MSF-S. Wood powder carbonized carbon (WPCC) obtained from the marketplace was employed as a trial sample. The properties and combustion characteristics of MSFs and WPCC were studied. It was found that the shatter strength of these MSFs were more than 95%. MSFs had higher activation energy and comprehensive combustion index compared to WPCC. MSF-MP yielded the following data: shatter strength: 95.86%, lower heating value (LHV): 25.89 MJ∙kg-1, ignition: 325 °C, comprehensive combustion index: 1.73×10-10, and activation energy: 61.38 kJ∙mol-1. The LHV and activation energy of MSF-MP were superior to those of other MSFs. Therefore, MSF-MP has a market potential for use as barbecue charcoal in restaurant or family gatherings. The preparation of MSF-MP is a prospective method for the utilization of PGC and wood tar

Reprogramming the Metabolism of Yeast for High-Level Production of Miltiradiene

Miltiradiene serves as a crucial precursor in the synthesis of various high-value abietane-type diterpenes, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. Previous efforts to enhance miltiradiene production have primarily focused on the mevalonate acetate (MVA) pathway. However, limited emphasis has been placed on optimizing the supply of acetyl-CoA and NADPH. In this study, we constructed a platform yeast strain for miltiradiene production by reinforcing the biosynthetic pathway of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and acetyl-CoA, and addressing the imbalance between the supply and demand of the redox cofactor NADPH within the cytoplasm, resulting in an increase in miltiradiene yield to 1.31 g/L. Furthermore, we conducted modifications to the miltiradiene synthase fusion protein tSmKSL1-CfTPS1. Finally, the comprehensive engineering strategies and protein modification strategies culminated in 1.43 g/L miltiradiene in the engineered yeast under shake flask culture conditions. Overall, our work established efficient yeast cell factories for miltiradiene production, providing a foothold for heterologous biosynthesis of abietane-type diterpenes