JASPAR 2016: a major expansion and update of the open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles.

JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net) is an open-access database storing curated, non-redundant transcription factor (TF) binding profiles representing transcription factor binding preferences as position frequency matrices for multiple species in six taxonomic groups. For this 2016 release, we expanded the JASPAR CORE collection with 494 new TF binding profiles (315 in vertebrates, 11 in nematodes, 3 in insects, 1 in fungi and 164 in plants) and updated 59 profiles (58 in vertebrates and 1 in fungi). The introduced profiles represent an 83% expansion and 10% update when compared to the previous release. We updated the structural annotation of the TF DNA binding domains (DBDs) following a published hierarchical structural classification. In addition, we introduced 130 transcription factor flexible models trained on ChIP-seq data for vertebrates, which capture dinucleotide dependencies within TF binding sites. This new JASPAR release is accompanied by a new web tool to infer JASPAR TF binding profiles recognized by a given TF protein sequence. Moreover, we provide the users with a Ruby module complementing the JASPAR API to ease programmatic access and use of the JASPAR collection of profiles. Finally, we provide the JASPAR2016 R/Bioconductor data package with the data of this release

Creep compression behaviour of a polyurethane foam from cryogenic temperatures: size effect and long-term prediction

The objective of this work was to predict the long term behavior of Polyurethane foam (PU) at very low-temperature, by applying the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP). The experimental background of the TTSP was based on a Dynamical Mechanical Analysis technique. Two issues arise from this experimental approach: the relevance of the temperature range to apply the TTSP, and the possible size-effect associated to the small DMA samples. Firstly, on the studied temperature range (-170°C; +180°C) many transitions have been observed, particularly from -20°C. Thus to apply the TTSP, it would be necessary to limit the temperature range (between temperature of molecular transitions, i.e. from -20°C up to 80°C). At very low temperatures, DMA spectra did not evidence any viscoelastic domain. However a deformation has been measured during creep tests in the same temperature range. So it would be necessary to determine which micro-mechanism is responsible for the observed deformation. Secondly, it was important to determine if the volume of DMA sample was representative. Several techniques have shown that a representative volume would be reached between 8 and 12mm3

Creep compression behaviour of a polyurethane foam from cryogenic temperatures: size effect and long-term prediction

The objective of this work was to predict the long term behavior of Polyurethane foam (PU) at very low-temperature, by applying the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP). The experimental background of the TTSP was based on a Dynamical Mechanical Analysis technique. Two issues arise from this experimental approach: the relevance of the temperature range to apply the TTSP, and the possible size-effect associated to the small DMA samples. Firstly, on the studied temperature range (-170°C; +180°C) many transitions have been observed, particularly from -20°C. Thus to apply the TTSP, it would be necessary to limit the temperature range (between temperature of molecular transitions, i.e. from -20°C up to 80°C). At very low temperatures, DMA spectra did not evidence any viscoelastic domain. However a deformation has been measured during creep tests in the same temperature range. So it would be necessary to determine which micro-mechanism is responsible for the observed deformation. Secondly, it was important to determine if the volume of DMA sample was representative. Several techniques have shown that a representative volume would be reached between 8 and 12mm3

Analysis of Motion Skills for Breaststroke Swimming Techniques

Based on the observations, the problem in the study was an error that occurred in the breaststroke swimming technique movement of the Mountain Swimming Club Swimming Club in Padang City. Where this is thought to be the cause of the low performance of athletes at the club. This study aims to determine the breaststroke swimming technique skills. The research design is descriptive. Where the research sample is all athletes of Gunung Swimming Club Padang City, amounting to 9 people with saturated sampling technique. To measure swimming technique skills, it is carried out using an observation sheet and is assessed by 3 judgments (assessors) who have expertise in the sport of swimming. The results of the study: (1) The level of mastery of the breaststroke swimming technique of the Padang City Swimming Club athletes is currently at a moderate level. Where the results of data analysis obtained a maximum score of 68 (very good), a minimum score of 40 (less), a standard deviation of 8 and an average score of 56 (moderate). (2) Out of 9 people: 1 person (11.1%) has very good mastery of the breaststroke swimming technique. 3 people (33.3%) have mastery of the breaststroke swimming technique in the good category. 4 people (44.5%) had mastery of the breaststroke technique in the moderate category. 1 person (11.1%) has mastery of the breaststroke swimming technique in the very poor category. Conclusion Currently, the level of mastery of the breaststroke swimming technique of the Padang City Swimming Club athletes is at a moderate level

Floral development: an integrated view

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