Arten, Biotope, Landschaft : Schlüssel zum Erfassen, Beschreiben, Bewerten

In der heutigen Zeit werden an die Beobachtung von Natur und Umwelt zunehmend vielfältigere Ansprüche gestellt. Datenerhebungsprojekte müssen heute nicht nur den sektoralen Ansprüchen von einzelnen Teildisziplinen des Naturschutzes innerhalb des Landes genügen. Immer häufiger ist eine Zusammenfassung verschiedenster Projektergebnisse zur Aufgabenerfüllung der Natur- und Umweltschutzverwaltung erforderlich. Dies zeigt sich beispielsweise bei der Auswahl von der nach der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie besonders zu schützenden Gebiete. Für die Gebietsauswahl mussten die Ergebnisse von Biotopkartierungen und Artenerhebungen sowie die Informationen über die geschützten Gebiete nach Naturschutzrecht zusammenfassend ausgewertet werden. Umfassende und interdisziplinäre Aussagen über den Zustand von Natur und Umwelt sind auch für die Umsetzung der Vereinbarungen der Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen für Umwelt und Entwicklung von Rio de Janeiro (Agenda 21, Konvention über die biologische Vielfalt) erforderlich. Für die Aufgabenerfüllung des Naturschutzes sind somit umfangreiche Datenbestände über Zustand und Entwicklung von unseren Landschaften und den darin lebenden Arten notwendig. Daten, die jedoch mit verschiedenen Schlüsseln erhoben werden, können zumeist nur mit erhöhtem Aufwand oder häufig überhaupt nicht zusammengeführt und ausgewertet werden. Um landesweite oder auch regionale Übersichten über den Zustand von Natur und Landschaft erstellen zu können, müssen daher die Informationen des Naturschutzes wie Vorkommen und Verbreitung von Arten und Biotopen oder Art und Grad der Landnutzung soweit wie möglich mit einheitlichen Erhebungsparametern erfasst werden. Nur hierdurch können die Erhebungsprojekte des Naturschutzes den Anforderungen der Naturschutzpolitik des Landes, des Bundes und den internationaler Verpflichtungen gerecht werden

Attribution of the heavy rainfall events leading to severe flooding in Western Europe during July 2021

In July 2021 extreme rainfall across Western Europe caused severe flooding and substantial impacts, including over 200 fatalities and extensive infrastructure damage within Germany and the Benelux countries. After the event, a hydrological assessment and a probabilistic event attribution analysis of rainfall data were initiated and complemented by discussing the vulnerability and exposure context. The global mean surface temperature (GMST) served as a covariate in a generalised extreme value distribution fitted to observational and model data, exploiting the dependence on GMST to estimate how anthropogenic climate change affects the likelihood and severity of extreme events. Rainfall accumulations in Ahr/Erft and the Belgian Meuse catchment vastly exceeded previous observed records. In regions of that limited size the robust estimation of return values and the detection and attribution of rainfall trends are challenging. However, for the larger Western European region it was found that, under current climate conditions, on average one rainfall event of this magnitude can be expected every 400 years at any given location. Consequently, within the entire region, events of similar magnitude are expected to occur more frequently than once in 400 years. Anthropogenic climate change has already increased the intensity of the maximum 1-day rainfall event in the summer season by 3–19 %. The likelihood of such an event to occur today compared to a 1.2 ∘ C cooler climate has increased by a factor of 1.2–9. Models indicate that intensity and frequency of such events will further increase with future global warming. While attribution of small-scale events remains challenging, this study shows that there is a robust increase in the likelihood and severity of rainfall events such as the ones causing extreme impacts in July 2021 when considering a larger region

Attribution of the heavy rainfall events leading to severe flooding in Western Europe during July 2021

In July 2021 extreme rainfall across Western Europe caused severe flooding and substantial impacts, including over 200 fatalities and extensive infrastructure damage within Germany and the Benelux countries. After the event, a hydrological assessment and a probabilistic event attribution analysis of rainfall data were initiated and complemented by discussing the vulnerability and exposure context. The global mean surface temperature (GMST) served as a covariate in a generalised extreme value distribution fitted to observational and model data, exploiting the dependence on GMST to estimate how anthropogenic climate change affects the likelihood and severity of extreme events. Rainfall accumulations in Ahr/Erft and the Belgian Meuse catchment vastly exceeded previous observed records. In regions of that limited size the robust estimation of return values and the detection and attribution of rainfall trends are challenging. However, for the larger Western European region it was found that, under current climate conditions, on average one rainfall event of this magnitude can be expected every 400 years at any given location. Consequently, within the entire region, events of similar magnitude are expected to occur more frequently than once in 400 years. Anthropogenic climate change has already increased the intensity of the maximum 1-day rainfall event in the summer season by 3–19 %. The likelihood of such an event to occur today compared to a 1.2 $$^{\circ }$$C cooler climate has increased by a factor of 1.2–9. Models indicate that intensity and frequency of such events will further increase with future global warming. While attribution of small-scale events remains challenging, this study shows that there is a robust increase in the likelihood and severity of rainfall events such as the ones causing extreme impacts in July 2021 when considering a larger region

Association of the PHACTR1/EDN1 genetic locus with spontaneous coronary artery dissection

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) afflicting predominantly younger to middle-aged women. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of extracoronary vascular anomalies, especially fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and a low prevalence of coincidental cases of atherosclerosis. PHACTR1/EDN1 is a genetic risk locus for several vascular diseases, including FMD and coronary artery disease, with the putative causal noncoding variant at the rs9349379 locus acting as a potential enhancer for the endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene. Objectives: This study sought to test the association between the rs9349379 genotype and SCAD. Methods: Results from case control studies from France, United Kingdom, United States, and Australia were analyzed to test the association with SCAD risk, including age at first event, pregnancy-associated SCAD (P-SCAD), and recurrent SCAD. Results: The previously reported risk allele for FMD (rs9349379-A) was associated with a higher risk of SCAD in all studies. In a meta-analysis of 1,055 SCAD patients and 7,190 controls, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 to 1.86) per copy of rs9349379-A. In a subset of 491 SCAD patients, the OR estimate was found to be higher for the association with SCAD in patients without FMD (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.33) than in SCAD cases with FMD (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.99). There was no effect of genotype on age at first event, P-SCAD, or recurrence. Conclusions: The first genetic risk factor for SCAD was identified in the largest study conducted to date for this condition. This genetic link may contribute to the clinical overlap between SCAD and FMD

Kombination aus einem Umformwerkzeug und einer Messvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Messen einer physikalischen Größe eines Wirkmediums in einem Umformwerkzeug und Messvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

The forming tool-measuring device-combination has a receptacle for inserting the measuring device, where the active medium is brought in a cavity (14) defined by the tool (1) or in a hollow space (23) defined by the workpiece (2). A detection element is provided with a sensor, which communicates with the cavity or the hollow space for detecting a physical variable of the active medium brought in the cavity of the forming tool or in the hollow space of the workpiece. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a method for measuring a physical variable of an active medium in a cavity of a forming tool or a hollow space of a workpiece; and (2) a measuring device with a coupling section for executing the method