Physical training and hypertension have opposite effects on endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression

Aims Changes in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were reported in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a link between BDNF and endothelial functionality. However, little is known on cardiovascular BDNF. Our aim was to investigate levels/localization, function, and relevance of cardiovascular BDNF. Methods and results BDNF levels (western blotting) and localization (immunostaining) were assessed in the heart and aorta from rats with impaired (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]), normal (Wistar Kyoto rats [WKY]), and improved (SHR and WKY subjected to physical training) endothelial function. BDNF levels were also measured in cultured endothelial cells (CECs) subjected to low and high shear stress. The cardiovascular effects of BDNF were investigated in isolated aortic rings and hearts. The results showed high BDNF levels in the heart and aorta, the expression being prominent in endothelial cells as compared with other cell types. Exogenous BDNF vasodilated aortic rings but changed neither coronary flow nor cardiac contractility. Hypertension was associated with decreased expression of BDNF in the endothelium, whereas physical training led to endothelial BDNF up-regulation not only in WKY but also in SHR. Exposure of CECs to high shear stress stimulated BDNF production and secretion. Conclusion Cardiovascular BDNF is mainly localized within endothelial cells in which its expression is dependent on endothelial function. These results open new perspectives on the role of endothelial BDNF in cardiovascular healt

Cardiovascular effects of arginase inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats with fully developed hypertension

Aims Growing evidence suggests that arginase misregulation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the potential cardiovascular therapeutic effects of a long-term treatment with an arginase inhibitor in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with fully developed hypertension. Methods and results Treatment of 25-week-old SHR with the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA, 40 mg/day for 10 weeks) sustainably reduced systolic blood pressure (−30 mmHg, P < 0.05). The antihypertensive effect of nor-NOHA was associated with changes on mesenteric artery reactivity including the restoration of angiotensin-II-induced contraction and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation to the values of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms account for the improvement of endothelial function afforded by the arginase inhibitor, which in addition blunted hypertension-induced endothelial arginase I overexpression in mesenteric arteries. Nor-NOHA also prevented the remodelling of aorta as measured by collagen content and media/lumen ratio, and improved the compliance of carotid artery in SHR. Cardiac fibrosis assessed by collagen content of left heart ventricle was reduced by nor-NOHA, with no significant effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusion Our results report that a long-term treatment with an arginase inhibitor reduced blood pressure, improved vascular function, and reduced cardiac fibrosis in SHR with fully developed hypertension. These data suggest that arginase represents a promising novel target for pharmacological intervention in essential hypertensio

MYOCARDIAL POTENCY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HARUNGANA MADAGASCARIENSIS STEM BARK AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE IN RATS

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Harungana madagascariensis on electrocardiographical, biochemical and histopathological changes in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided and treated with the aqueous extract of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark (AEHM, 200 and 400 mg/kg per os), or normal saline or vitamin E for 7 days with concomitant administration of ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on 8th and 9th days, at 24 h interval. Results: The ISO injections to the rats caused cardiac dysfunction evidenced by a marked (P&lt;0.01) elevation in ST-segment, a reduction in R wave amplitude (P&lt;0.01), decrease in endogenous antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, increase of cardiac marker enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT). All these changes in cardiac function as well as GSH, MDA and the enzymes (LDH, AST and ALT) were ameliorated when the rats were pretreated with AEHM. Additionally, the protective effects were strengthened by improved histopathological changes, which specify the protection of cardiomyocytes from the deleterious effects of ISO. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of Harungana madagascariensis on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The mechanism might be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant defense, reduction of lipid peroxydation and it is confirmed by amending electrocardiographic pattern, improvement of cardiac markers and less histopathological damages following ISO-induced myocardial infarction. It could provide experimental evidence to support the use of Harungana madagascariensis used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders. Peer Review History: Received &nbsp;9 February 2018; &nbsp;&nbsp;Revised 22 February; Accepted 28 February, Available online 15 March 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology &amp; Information, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF VITEX THYRSIFLORA LEAVES ON DIABETIC RATS STUDY ON FRESH LEAF AQUEOUS EXTR STUDY ON FRESH LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF FLACOURTIA INDICA FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTI-ANEMIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ABILITIES IN CCL4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO WISTAR RAT

Cardiovascular effects of arginase inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats with fully developed hypertension

Growing evidence suggests that arginase misregulation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the potential cardiovascular therapeutic effects of a long-term treatment with an arginase inhibitor in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with fully developed hypertension

Commentary on : "the human cutaneous circulation as a model of generalized microvascular function".

International audienc

Commentary on : "the human cutaneous circulation as a model of generalized microvascular function".

International audienc

Placebo, effet placebo et effet nocebo

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Arginase, dysfonction endothéliale et polyarthrite rhumatoïde (étude bibliographique)

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocSudocFranceF