Integrated software for imaging data analysis applied to edge plasma physic and operational safety

Fusion tokamaks are complex devices requiring many diagnostics for real time control of the plasma and off-line physical analysis. In current tokamaks, imaging diagnostics have become increasingly used for these two purposes. Such systems produce a lot of data encouraging physicists to use shared tools and codes for data access and analysis. If general purpose software programs for data display and analysis are widely spread, a need exists in developing similar applications for quantitative imaging data analysis applied to plasma physic. In this paper, we introduce a new integrated software program, named wolff, dedicated to this task. The main contribution of this software is to gather under the same framework different functionalities for (1) data access and display, (2) signal, image, and video processing, and (3) quantitative analysis based on physical models. After an overview of existing solutions for data processing in the field of plasma data, we present the wolff architecture and its currently implemented features. The capabilities of the software are then demonstrated through three applications in the field of physical analysis (heat and particle flux calculations) and tokamak operation (safety operation)

Quality control of drinking water in a degraded environment : experience of the french military health medical service

During foreign operations in a degraded environment, field hygiene, and especially that of drinking water, must be perfectly controlled. A new doctrine imposes a single standard for the quality of water, equivalent to that found in France. When on foreign operations, military staff produces drinking water using appropriate equipment, some of which is new and very efficient. To meet the quantitative and qualitative needs of the troops, water is treated using the traditional clarification and disinfection principles, based on a hazard analysis and a multidisciplinary evaluation of the resources available. The quality of the water is checked by the French military health services, in particular by their veterinary surgeons, who have the required technical knowledge and have access to field laboratories, as well as referral laboratories and experts in France.Dans la situation dégradée des opérations extérieures, l'hygiène en campagne, notamment celle liée à l'eau potable, mérite d'être parfaitement maîtrisée. Une nouvelle doctrine impose pour chaque usage une qualité d'eau unique, équivalente à celle proposée en métropole. La production d'eau est mise en oeuvre en opération extérieure par les armées, grâce à des matériels adaptés dont certains sont nouveaux et très performants. Pour répondre aux besoins quantitatifs et qualitatifs des troupes, le traitement de l'eau potable, basé sur les principes classiques de clarification et de désinfection, est choisi après une analyse des dangers et une étude pluridisciplinaire de la qualité de la ressource. Le contrôle est confié au service de santé des armées, en particulier aux vétérinaires qui disposent, pour assurer cette mission cruciale, d'une formation technique, de laboratoires de terrain, de laboratoires et d'experts référents en métropole

Nitric oxide synthases in infants and children with pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease

Nitric oxide is an important regulator of vascular tone in the pulmonary circulation. Surgical correction of congenital heart disease limits pulmonary hypertension to a brief period. The study has measured expression of endothelial (eNOS), inducible (iNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the lungs from biopsies of infants with pulmonary hypertension secondary to cardiac abnormalities (n = 26), compared to a control group who did not have pulmonary or cardiac disease (n = 8). eNOS, iNOS and nNOS were identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified in specific cell types. Significant increases of eNOS and iNOS staining were found in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells of patients with congenital heart disease compared to control infants. These changes were confined to endothelial cells and not present in other cell types. Patients who strongly expressed eNOS also had strong expression of iNOS. Upregulation of eNOS and iNOS occurs at an early stage of pulmonary hypertension, and may be a compensatory mechanism limiting the rise in pulmonary artery pressure

Tsetse fly ecology and risk of transmission of African trypanosomes related to a protected forest area at a military base in the city of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

African trypanosomoses, whose pathogens are transmitted by tsetse flies, are a threat to animal and human health. Tsetse flies observed at the military base of the French Forces in Côte d’Ivoire (FFCI base) were probably involved in the infection and death of military working dogs. Entomological and parasitological surveys were carried out during the rainy and dry seasons using “Vavoua” traps to identify tsetse fly species, their distribution, favorable biotopes and food sources, as well as the trypanosomes they harbor. A total of 1185 Glossina palpalis palpalis tsetse flies were caught, corresponding to a high average apparent density of 2.26 tsetse/trap/day. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of tsetse at the FFCI base, linked to more or less favorable biotopes. No significant variation in tsetse densities was observed according to the season. The overall trypanosomes infection rate according to microscopic observation was 13.5%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense forest type, responsible for African animal trypanosomosis. Our findings suggest that there is a risk of introduction and transmission of T. brucei gambiense, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis, on the study site. This risk of transmission of African trypanosomes concerns not only the FFCI base, but also inhabited peripheral areas. Our study confirmed the need for vector control adapted to the eco-epidemiological context of the FFCI base

Kasumi_B

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32DWT_C

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