Piroptózis, PANoptózis és ferroptózis a szív iszkémia/reperfúziós károsodásában

Az intenzív kutatások ellenére továbbra sem rendelkezünk olyan kardioprotektív gyógyszerekkel, amelyek a szív iszkémia/reperfúziós (I/R) károsodásával járó infarktusméretet hatásosan csökkentenék. Ennek egyik magyarázata, hogy az I/R-t kísérő sejtelhalás összetett folyamata teljesen még nem tisztázott. A mechanizmus részletesebb megismerése javíthatja a kardioprotektív gyógyszerfejlesztések transzlálhatóságát. A klasszikus szabályozott (apoptózis, autofágia-mediálta sejthalál) és nem szabályozott (nekrózis) sejthalálfolyamatok mellett olyan programozott sejthalálformákat és mechanizmusokat ismertünk meg az elmúlt években, mint például a piroptózis, a PANoptózis vagy a ferroptózis. Jelen összefoglaló közleményünkben ezen folyamatokat kívánjuk röviden bemutatni a szív I/R károsodásában, valamint kitérünk a lehetséges modulálási stratégiákra is

Effects of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Cardiac STAT3

Nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates many cellular processes, e.g., the transcription or opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and its activity depends on the phosphorylation of Tyr705 and/or Ser727 sites. In the heterogeneous network of cardiac cells, STAT3 promotes cardiac muscle differentiation, vascular element formation and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Overwhelming evidence suggests that STAT3 is beneficial for the heart, plays a role in the prevention of age-related and postpartum heart failure, protects the heart against cardiotoxic doxorubicin or ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and is involved in many cardioprotective strategies (e.g., ischaemic preconditioning, perconditioning, postconditioning, remote or pharmacological conditioning). Ischaemic heart disease is still the leading cause of death worldwide, and many cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the development of the disease. This review focuses on the effects of various cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, aging, obesity, smoking, alcohol, depression, gender, comedications) on cardiac STAT3 under non-ischaemic baseline conditions, and in settings of ischaemia/reperfusion injury with or without cardioprotective strategies

Effect of Stellaria media Tea on Lipid Profile in Rats

Background. In folk medicine, common chickweed (Stellaria media) has traditionally been applied for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, there is no firm experimental proof to support the rationale of this practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Stellaria media tea in hypercholesterolemic rats. Materials and Methods. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. The (i) control group received standard laboratory chow, the (ii) hypercholesterolemic group received cholesterol-enriched diet, and the (iii) chickweed-treated hypercholesterolemic group received cholesterol-enriched diet and 100 mg/kg body weight Stellaria media tea lyophilizate for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine serum lipid profile as well as liver and kidney function, and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac morphology and function. Results. Cholesterol-enriched diet significantly increased serum total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, but did not affect triacylglycerol concentrations. The addition of chickweed to the diet did not cause any significant change in serum lipid profile or body weight increase. Liver and kidney functions were unaltered and cardiac morphology and function were not changed due to Stellaria media tea lyophilizate. Conclusion. Although chickweed does not seem to be toxic, our results do not support the rationale of its use in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia

Stellaria media Tea Protects Against Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats without Affecting Glucose Tolerance

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Common chickweed (Stellaria media) tea has traditionally been applied for treatment of various metabolic diseases including diabetes in folk medicine; however, experimental evidence to support this practice is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of Stellaria media tea on glucose homeostasis and cardiac performance in a rat model of diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: Hot water extract of Stellaria media herb were analyzed and used in this study, where diabetes was induced by fructose-enriched diet supplemented with a single injection of streptozotocin. Half of the animals received Stellaria media tea (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. At the end of the 20-week experimental period, blood samples were collected and isolated working heart perfusions were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the animals receiving standard chow, serum fasting glucose level was increased and glucose tolerance was diminished in diabetic rats. Stellaria media tea did not affect significantly fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance; however, it attenuated diabetes-induced deterioration of cardiac output and cardiac work. Analysis of the chemical composition of Stellaria media tea suggested the presence of rutin and various apigenin glycosides which have been reported to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, Stellaria media prevented diabetes-induced increase in cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation. We demonstrated for the first time that Stellaria media tea may beneficially affect cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes without improvement of glucose homeostasis. Rutin and/or apigenin glycosides as well as modulation of STAT3 signaling may be implicated in the protection of Stellaria media tea against diabetic cardiomyopathy

Piroptózis, PANoptózis és ferroptózis a szív iszkémia/reperfúziós károsodásában

Az intenzív kutatások ellenére továbbra sem rendelkezünk olyan kardioprotektív gyógyszerekkel, amelyek a szív iszkémia/reperfúziós (I/R) károsodásával járó infarktusméretet hatásosan csökkentenék. Ennek egyik magyarázata, hogy az I/R-t kísérő sejtelhalás összetett folyamata teljesen még nem tisztázott. A mechanizmus részletesebb megismerése javíthatja a kardioprotektív gyógyszerfejlesztések transzlálhatóságát. A klasszikus szabályozott (apoptózis, autofágia-mediálta sejthalál) és nem szabályozott (nekrózis) sejthalálfolyamatok mellett olyan programozott sejthalálformákat és mechanizmusokat ismertünk meg az elmúlt években, mint például a piroptózis, a PANoptózis vagy a ferroptózis. Jelen összefoglaló közleményünkben ezen folyamatokat kívánjuk röviden bemutatni a szív I/R károsodásában, valamint kitérünk a lehetséges modulálási stratégiákra is