Integrating spatiotemporal dynamics of natural capital security and urban ecosystem carbon metabolism

The purpose of the study is to address and quantify the increase in urban expansion and carbon (C) metabolism burden on ecosystem service value (ESV), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and C storage of urban footprint. Urban footprint is required to meet the demands arising from economic consumption and production as well as waste accumulation and assimilation. Spatiotemporal changes in main land covers (LCs) were detected using remotely sensed data (Landsat 5 and 8, and digital elevation model) between 1987 and 2016. Changes in ESV and C influx, efflux and pools associated with LC dynamics were approximated using global proxies for a western Mediterranean region in Turkey of 54,162 km2. Urban expansion over the 29-year period decreased ESV by 22% ($7.28 ± 0.4 billion), NEP by 4.3% (2.3 ± 9 Gg C), and total ecosystem C pool by 10.9% (1008.3 ± 1006 Gg C) and led to a 62.8% appropriation of the total NEP (50.1 ± 51 Gg C) of the urban footprint in 2016. The main cause of the environmental degradation across the study region was the loss of the seminatural areas. Our findings emphasize that the deterioration rate of ecosystems should be slowed down by natural capital-friendly decisions and should not exceed rehabilitation rate of damaged ecosystems in the face of rapidly increasing burdens of the cities on their footprint.Izmir Institute of Technology and Abant Izzet Baysal Universit

Estimation of leakage from precipitation in aquifer using borehole data: Aalaşehir Basin (Manisa)

71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018, AnkaraSon yıllarda iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kullanımının artması ve buna ek olarak aşırı nüfus artışı, yeraltısuyu kullanımını arttırmakta ve su kaynaklarını tehdit etmektedir. Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için barajlar ve yapay göller inşa edilmekte, ancak bu yapıların geniş yüzey alanlarında çok fazla buharlaşma görülmektedir. Dolayısı ile yeraltı suyunun, buharlaşma kayıplarının yaşanmadığı direkt yağış ile beslenen yapay beslenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Yapay beslenme, havzalardaki suyu fazla buharlaşmadan korur ve su kaynaklarının potansiyelini artırıp, sürdürülebilirliğini sağlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında nümerik metotlar kullanılarak, Alaşehir (Manisa) havzasında alüvyon akiferin beslenmesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan ve ülkenin %2’sini oluşturan Gediz Havzası, önemli bir yeraltı suyu potansiyelinin olduğu ve kullanıldığı alan konumundadır.TUBITAK project number of 115Y06

Investigation of groundwater recharges mechanism in Alasehir plain: From physical characterization to modelling

IWA 2nd Regional Symposium on water, wastewater and environment, 22-24 March 2017, Cesme, İzmirCharacteristics of aquifer that allows the flow of groundwater, recharge and discharge mechanism effect the available groundwater potential. In order to determine the available potential of groundwater, the budget components are the most important parameters. In general, different analogical methods are applied in different countries, instead of using measurable data. Determination of the groundwater recharge is the most difficult parameter to be measured among the hydrological budget parameters. In general, the analogical methods are insufficient to determine the groundwater recharge rate. Precipitation, evaporation-transportation and runoff can be measured from the surface meteorological station. However, estimation of groundwater recharge cannot be measured directly. At the moment of climate change, visualization of the spatial distribution of the groundwater recharge estimation and mapping are needed. Therefore, improvements of easy groundwater recharge techniques are very important tools for groundwater basins to develop the water management planning.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), project no. 115Y06

Multi-risk interpretation of natural hazards for settlements of the Hatay province in the east Mediterranean region, Turkey using SRTM DEM

Many scientists have recently alarmed natural hazards due to global climate change. Such natural disasters are coastal inundation in response to sea-level rise, and/or river flooding caused by heavy rain falls, additionally earthquakes and, etc. In terms of natural hazards, one of the most sensitive and culturally significant areas in Turkey is the Hatay province in the east Mediterranean region. The Hatay province is located on such a region which is not only vulnerable to coastal inundation and river flooding, but also is a tectonically and seismically sensitive area. In this study, for taking conservation measures against the natural hazards beforehand and decision-making on any future land-planning; a digital terrain model and a 3D fly-through model of the Hatay province were generated; then quantitatively and/or qualitatively interpreted by employing the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission digital elevation model. Besides, stream drainage patterns, lineaments and structural-geological features were extracted for natural hazard risk interpretation of settlements and their relationships among the landscape characteristics were exhibited by combining tectonic information previously confirmed. Regarding the sea-level rise, the coastal inundation risk map indicates that the most vulnerable areas are: coastlines of Iskenderun, Arsuz, Payas and Samandag, respectively. By/after analyzing the digital terrain of the study region and stream drainage patterns, the Karasu Valley Zone, where the Amik plain, settlements of Antakya, Iskenderun, Arsuz, Payas and Samandag with their flood plains have the most flooding risk in decreasing order, respectively when a heavy raining occurs. Finally, analysis of tectonics has revealed that Antakya, Iskenderun, Hassa, Kirikhan, Samandag, Payas, Arsuz, Altinozu, Kumlu and Hacipasa regions have the most sensitivity to earthquake disaster in the study region.Izmir Institute of Technolog

Flood hazard vulnerability for settlements of Turkey’s province of Edirne, using ASTER DEM data and Landsat-7 ETM+ image data

While Turkey’s province of Edirne represents one of the country’s most significant cultural heritage areas because it lies in the basins of the Meric and Ergene rivers, this very valuable region is highly susceptible to flooding during heavy rain falls. It becomes particularly vulnerable when neighboring Bulgaria responds to its own threats of heavy rain or snowfall by opening its floodgates of its dams on the River Meric, which flows through the Edirne province. Therefore, for years, the Edirne province has experienced severe floods that are eroding its fertile alluvial agricultural floodplains. An environmental plan based on a determination of the vulnerability levels of the province’s flood hazard risk areas is required if action is taken to alleviate this problem. The objective of this study is to acquire geo-information from the remotely sensed data and to interpret the flood hazard risk levels of the area’s settlements and agricultural floodplains. In this study, the spatial distribution of the flood hazard risk areas in the Edirne province is determined using not only the Advanced Space-Borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer digital elevation model data of the Edirne province to create maps that illustrate the digital terrain model and the 3D fly-through dynamic model of the study region but also the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus multi-spectral image data set to create land use and land cover types of the study region. The maps exhibit landform characteristics, floodplain topography, and stream drainages. Analysis and interpretation of the maps demonstrate that the areas most susceptible to flooding are Enez, which lies at the northern coastal area of the Aegean Sea and agricultural areas, and the settlements on the Meric River floodplains of Ipsala, Meric, Edirne, and Uzunkopru, listed in decreasing order, respectively.Izmir Institute of Technolog

Uydu görüntülerinden göllerin etkileşimli çıkarımı

Günümüzde uydu görüntülerinden göl sınırlarının belirlenmesi ve haritasının yapımına büyük önem verilmektedir. Bunun başlıca nedenleri, çevre planlamasının yapımında, tarım alanlarının sulanması projelerinde, baraj yapımı araştırmalarında, doğal su kaynaklarının ekonomik olarak kullanılması gibi uygulamalarda göl haritalarının altlık olarak kulanılmasıdır. Bu yüzden, büyük arazilerdeki göl alanlarının en az harcama ile belirlenmesi için uydu görüntülerinden arazi kullanım sınıflandırılması yapılmaktadır. Bunun için, çok bantlı uydu görüntülerinden göl sınırlarının çıkarımı gerekir. Göl sınırlarının etkileşimli belirlenmesini içeren bu çalışmada, göller bölgesi olan ABD'de Colorado Eyaleti, Boulder bölgesinin Landsat TM çok bantlı uydu görüntüleri deneysel olarak kullanılmış ve göllerin haritası yapılmıştır. Görüntü işleme ve analiz için İDRİSİ yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, bu makalede yorumlanıp tartışılmaktadır.Boundary determination of lakes from satellite images has been given great importance. Main reasons of this, maps of lakes have been used as base maps in research of environmental planning, in irrigation of agricultural fields, in research of dam construction, in research of economically use of natural water resources, and the like. Therefore, maps of lakes have been made from satellite images with minimum expenses by determining water areas in large lands. One of fields in determination of lake areas is recognized as feature extraction of water bodies from multi-spectral images. In this study, Landsat TM multi-spectral images of Boulder region in Colorado State, USA have been experimentally used and a map of this lake region has been made. For image processing and analysis IDRISI software system was employed and results have been presented and discussed in this paper

Compositing climate change vulnerability of a Mediterranean region using spatiotemporally dynamic proxies for ecological and socioeconomic impacts and stabilities

The study presents a new methodology to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of climate change vulnerability at a regional scale adopting a new conceptual model of vulnerability as a function of climate change impacts, ecological stability, and socioeconomic stability. Spatiotemporal trends of equally weighted proxy variables for the three vulnerability components were generated to develop a composite climate change vulnerability index (CCVI) for a Mediterranean region of Turkey combining Landsat time series data, digital elevation model (DEM)-derived data, ordinary kriging, and geographical information system. Climate change impact was based on spatiotemporal trends of August land surface temperature (LST) between 1987 and 2016. Ecological stability was based on DEM, slope, aspect, and spatiotemporal trends of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while socioeconomic stability was quantified as a function of spatiotemporal trends of land cover, population density, per capita gross domestic product, and illiteracy. The zones ranked on the five classes of no-to-extreme vulnerability were identified where highly and moderately vulnerable lands covered 0.02% (12 km2) and 11.8% (6374 km2) of the study region, respectively, mostly occurring in the interior central part. The adoption of this composite CCVI approach is expected to lead to spatiotemporally dynamic policy recommendations towards sustainability and tailor preventive and mitigative measures to locally specific characteristics of coupled ecological–socioeconomic systems.Izmir Institute of Technology; Abant Izzet Baysal Universit