13 research outputs found

    Are there fetal stem cells in the maternal brain?

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    GUZEL, Ali irfan/0000-0002-9720-5920; Tunc, Erdal/0000-0003-4964-1004;WOS: 000317029800002PubMed: 25206703Fetal cells can enter maternal blood during pregnancy but whether they can also cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain remains poorly understood. Previous results suggest that fetal cells are summoned to repair damage to the mother's brain. If this is confirmed, it would open up new and safer avenues of treatment for brain damage caused by strokes and neural diseases. in this study, we aimed to investigate whether a baby's stem cells can enter the maternal brain during pregnancy. Deceased patients who had at least one male offspring and no history of abortion and blood transfusion were included in this study. DNA was extracted from brain tissue samples of deceased women using standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation methods. Genomic DNA was screened by quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction amplification together with short tandem repeat markers specific to the Y chromosome, and 13, 18, 21 and X. Any foreign DNA residues that could be used to interpret the presence of fetal stem cells in the maternal brain were monitored. Results indicated that fetal stem cells can not cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain.Research Funds of University of Cukurova, TurkeyCukurova UniversityThe study was supported by Research Funds of University of Cukurova, Turkey

    Volatile organic compounds of Metarhizium brunneum influence the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in insect control

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    The entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium brunneum occupies the same ecological niche as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), with both competing for insects as a food source in the rhizosphere. Interactions between these biocontrol agents can be antagonistic or synergistic. To better understand these interactions, this study focussed on investigating the effect of M. brunneum volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone, on EPN survival and behaviour. These VOCs proved to be highly toxic to the infective juveniles (IJs) of the EPN Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora with mortality being dose dependent. Chemotaxis studies of H. bacteriophora IJs in Pluronic F127 gel revealed significant preference for the VOCs compared with controls for all tested concentrations. The VOCs also impacted on the test insects in a dose-dependent manner with 3-octanone being more toxic to Galleria mellonella, Cydia splendana and Curculio elephas larvae than 1-octen-3-ol. Mortality of C. splendana and G. mellonella larvae was significantly higher when exposed to relatively high doses (>25%) of 3-octanone. Lower doses of 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol immobilised test insects, which recovered after exposure to fresh air for 2 hrs. In depth studies on H. bacteriophora showed that exposure of IJs to > 10% concentration of 3-octanone or 1-octen-3-ol negatively affected infectivity whereas exposure to lower doses (0.1%, 0.01%) had no effect. The VOCs affected IJs, reducing penetration efficacy and the number of generations inside G. mellonella but they failed to inhibit the bacterial symbiont, Photorhabdus kayaii. The ecological significance of VOCs and how they could influence EPF-EPN insect interactions is discussed

    Yenidoğanda Brakiyal Pleksus Yaralanması: Bir olgu sunumu

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    Brakiyal pleksus üst ekstremite hareketlerinde etkili bir sinir demetidir. Doğum sırasındaki travmalara bağlı olarak brakiyal pleksus yaralanmaları görülebilir. Etkilenen ekstremite kısmi ya da tamamen hareketsiz hale gelebilir. Motor ve duyu defisiti görülebilir. Biz de bu olgu sunumunda brakiyal pleksus yaralanmalı bir hastadan bahsetti

    Could Microchimerism be an Etiological Factor in Psychotic Disorders? A Hypothetical Suggestion

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    In this letter to the editor, a possible etiologic relationship between microchimerism and psychotic disorders has been hypothezied and several study proposals that could be used in the testing of this hypothesis has been suggested

    Microchimerism may be the cause of psychiatric disorders

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    Microchimerism is a bidirectional exchange of fetal and maternal cells during pregnancy (Figure 1). Pregnancy is the most common and natural cause of chimerism, and bi-directional trafficking of hematopoietic cells occurs through the placenta. Therefore, we are all born as microchimera [1,2]. Although there are many unanswered questions it is thought that chimerism has an important role in human health. For many years, the clinical effects of maternal microchimeric cells (MMcCs) in organ repair and cancer therapy have just begun to be understood. While the mission of chimerism is straight forward, the subject is profound. Chimerism carries the potential for disease as well as for health benefits. Recent studies have shown that maternal stress and infections in pregnancy affect fetal neuro development and increased the risk of neurological or psychiatric disorders in the future life of the fetus. This article describes the role of Mc in the etiology of psychotic disorders

    Can We Determine High Risk Groups in Schizophrenia A Hypothesis

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    Neurodevelopmental hypothesis suggested that schizophrenia is a disorder of early brain development, in which the brain structural abnormalities are present. The causes of the abnormal processes remains unclear however, Genetics vulnerability, obstetric complications and viral infections have been shown to play a role in this disorder. Several studies have shown a greater incidence of winter or spring births in patients. Prenatal and perinatal infections, especially in the second trimester of pregnancy, have been considered a plausible risk factor for schizophrenia. Maternal exposure to influenza, herpes viruses, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and rarely rubella virus infections confers an increased risk of schizophrenia to the developing offspring. As clinicians, we observed that our patients with psychotic disorder were not exposed to the viral infections even during epidemic. We hypothesized that perinatal viral infections have been associated with lifelong immunity to this infectious diseases which on the other hand cause an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. If we could determine antibodies against these viruses among patients with schizophrenia, perhaps we will be able to identify accurate markers heralding psychotic illness as well as can use these markers in a large population-based sample

    Can Microchimerism Find Itself a Place in Psychiatric Research?

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    Microchimerism is the existence of small amount of cells or DNA of one individual within another individual. The most common reason for this condition is pregnancy. Even after normal pregnancies, cells that belong to the fetus can be found in the mother and maternal cells can be found in the fetus. It was shown that microchimerism can survive in the host. Researchers have speculated that microchimeric cells could induce a reaction similar to graft versus host disease which in turn may lead to autoimmune disorders. Microchimeric cells have been detected in the brain tissue of rats and fetuses and in other tissues and organs as well. There is no consensus on whether the microchimeric cells that migrate from mother to fetus is to repair some pa-thology in the body or is the cause of any possible future pathology. Even though there have been many studies on microchimerism in medicine, no study have been performed on the field of psychiatry. We believe that microchimerism may be an important alternative explanation to the etiology of chronic degenerative psychiatric diseases and postpartum clinical condi-tions. This manuscript discusses the applicability of microchimerism re-search in the field of psychiatric studies

    Identification of chromosome abnormalities in screening of a family with manic depression and psoriasis: Predisposition to aneuploidy

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    PubMedID: 22813662Cytogenetic analysis is an important stage in understanding the genetic background of manic depression (MD), and may provide a valuable clue to the identification of target loci and successful search for major genes. In order to identify chromosomal regions we aimed to detect the relationships between chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and immunological markers in a family with MD and psoriasis. We used the cell cultivation and conventional G-banding. We found predominantly numerical aberrations. The most common aneuploidy was chromosome 8, followed by chromosome 22, 21, 15, X and Y. However, structural aberrations consisted of duplications, deletions, translocations and breaks, with a focus on: loci on del(1)(q12-q23), del(1)(q21.1-q24), del(1)(q21.1-q23), del(10)(p11.2-pter), der(2)t(2;4)(p25;p12), t(2;22)(p14;p13), t(19;Y)? and dup(10)(q26). The susceptibility genes of MD or psoriasis may be located on these loci. Numerical sex CAs included 4(5.8%) with 45,X, 3(4.3%) with 47,XXY, and 4(5.8%) with structural chromosome X; del(X)(q13); del(X)(p11-pter) del(X)(q21.3) and inv(Y)(q11.2). We also conducted an immunological study. According results of this study, the percentage of CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes of the father were significantly higher, whereas CD4+ lymphocytes were decreased in the mother, when compared the healthy persons. The percentage of CD4 level of the son was decreased, whereas CD8+ lymphocytes were higher. The CD4/CD8 ratio of the father and the son was found to be significantly high. These results may suggest that MD and psoriasis have a significant impact on both genetic and immunological parameters. © 2012 Elsevier B.V

    Are there fetal stem cells in the maternal brain?

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    Fetal cells can enter maternal blood during pregnancy but whether they can also cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain remains poorly understood. Previous results suggest that fetal cells are summoned to repair damage to the mother's brain. If this is confirmed, it would open up new and safer avenues of treatment for brain damage caused by strokes and neural diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a baby's stem cells can enter the maternal brain during pregnancy. Deceased patients who had at least one male offspring and no history of abortion and blood transfusion were included in this study. DNA was extracted from brain tissue samples of deceased women using standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation methods. Genomic DNA was screened by quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction amplification together with short tandem repeat markers specific to the Y chromosome, and 13, 18, 21 and X. Any foreign DNA residues that could be used to interpret the presence of fetal stem cells in the maternal brain were monitored. Results indicated that fetal stem cells can not cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain
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