Microwave-assisted synthesis of some hybrid molecules derived from morpholine and investigation of their antimicrobial activities

2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one compound was obtained starting from 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine via several steps. Then, these compounds were converted to the corresponding fluoroquinolone hybrids via one pot three component Mannich reaction. Moreover, the synthesis of eleven compounds, which can be considered as conazole analogues, was performed starting from 1,2,4-triazole-3-one compounds via three steps by either conventional or microwave mediated conditions. The effect of different solvents and microwave power on microwave prompted reactions was examined as well

Fertigasyon ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Tarla Koşullarında Biber Bitkisinin (Capsicum annum L.) Verimine ve Besin Elementleri Alımına Etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fertigasyon uygulamalarında farklı gübreleme zamanlarının (her sulamada gübre: H.S.G., her ikinci sulamada gübre: H.İ.S.G., her üçüncü sulamada gübre: H.Ü.S.G.) ve mikoriza uygulamalarının biber bitkisinin verimine ve besin elementleri alımına olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü’ne ait araştırma ve deneme alanında, tarla koşullarında, iki yıl süreyle ve üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada fertigasyon uygulaması geleneksel yöntem ile karşılaştırmalı olarak yapılmış, test bitkisi olarak biber ve mikoriza türü olarak Glomus caledonium kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada biber bitkisinin verimi ile yaprakların azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, birinci yılda en yüksek verimin fosfor uygulanmış ve mikoriza aşılanmış her ikinci sulamada gübre uygulamasından elde edildiğini ortaya koymuştur (2809 kg/da). İkinci yılda ise, 2113 kg/da ile fosfor uygulanmayan mikoriza aşılanmış bitkilerde her sulamada gübre uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, her sulamada gübre uygulaması diğer uygulamalarla karşılaştırıldığında, biber bitkisinin P konsantrasyonunu önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Araştırmada genel olarak, mikoriza aşılanmış bitkilerin aşılanmamış bitkilerden daha yüksek verim ve besin elementi alımına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir

Synthesis and organic solar cell performance of BODIPY and coumarin functionalized SWCNT or graphene oxide nanomaterials

The synthesis and characterization of new hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) covalently functionalized by 4,4-difluoro-8-(4-propynyloxy)-phenyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) (2) or 7-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-coumarin (4) as light harvesting groups were described. The organic solar cell performances of these novel nanomaterials in P3HT:PCBM blend were investigated. These covalently bonded hybrid materials (Reduced graphene oxide:BODIPY (GB), reduced graphene oxide:Coumarin (GC), SWCNTs:BODIPY (CB) and SWCNTs:Coumarin (CC)) were prepared by azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (Click) reaction between azide bearing SWCNTs or rGO and terminal ethynyl functionalized BODIPY (2) or coumarin (4) derivatives. The formation of novel nanomaterials was confirmed by the FT-IR, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. The best performance on P3HT:PCBM organic solar cell was produced by SWCNTs:Coumarin (CC) hybrids which was coated on a indium tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate film (ITO-PET)). The reference device based on P3HT:PCBM blend without CC showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.16%, FF of 35% and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 5.51 mA.cm-2. The reference device with CC hybrids within P3HT:PCBM blend increased the values significantly to 1.62% for PCE, 40% for FF and 6.8 mA.cm-2 for Jsc

OLD BUT RESILIENT STORY: IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON SOCIAL WELFARE

This paper analyses the fiscal performance of Turkey and Argentina during the period 2000 - 2021, when both countries faced rapid economic growth with the consequent impact on social welfare. This work explored two different systems: Centralization in Turkey and Federalism in Argentina and, in general, studied the decentralization impact of both systems on social welfare. This study intended to create new social welfare indexes in other to analyze the resource allocation in different regions of these countries. As a first step, we built a regional Human Development Index (HDI) for each region. This attempt is considered a new contribution to the literature and intended to fill the gap in this field. Afterward, this index was compared with the fiscal resources allocation (FRA), used as a proxy of fiscal decentralization in an econometric panel data model. By using this method, we concluded that the social welfare indexes have a positive relationship with the fiscal resource allocation in the Federal system, such as in Argentina, but not in the centralized system such as in Turkey during the period analyzed from 2000 to 2020

Effect of covalent and non-covalent linking of zinc(II) phthalocyanine functionalised carbon nanomaterials on the sensor response to ammonia

In this work, a comparative study of the sensor response of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) covalently and non-covalently functionalised with1-[N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-pentynamide]-8(11),15(18),22(25)-tris-{2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy]-1-[2-((2-ethoxy ethoxy)-ethoxy)methyl]ethyloxy}zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to ammonia is carried out. It was shown that in the case of SWCNT-based materials both covalent and non-covalent functionalisation with zinc(II) phthalocyanine leads to the increase of the sensor response toward NH3, while functionalisation of reduced graphene oxide causes a decrease in the response. At the same time both covalent and non-covalent linking of zinc(II) phthalocyanine leads to twofold decrease of the sensor recovery times. The sensor response of the carbon nanomaterial (single walled carbon nanotubes or reduced graphene oxide) hybrids covalently functionalised with zinc(II) phthalocyanine is several times higher than in the case of non-covalent linking of zinc(II) phthalocyanine to these nanomaterials, which is in good correlation with the number of zinc(II) phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed onto the SWCNT and rGO walls. © 2017 Elsevier B.V

Preparation of single wall carbon nanotube-pyrene 3D hybrid nanomaterial and its sensor response to ammonia

In this work, the structural features and sensor response toward ammonia of a three dimensional (3D) SWCNTs material covalently functionalised with 1,6-diethynylpyrene were studied. The target SWCNTs hybrid material was prepared by the reaction of azido substituted SWCNTs with the 1,6-diethynylpyrene containing double terminal alkyne groups via the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (Click) reaction. The structure of the 1,6-diethynylpyrene compound was determined by different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass, fluorescence and UV–Visible, while its SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid material was characterized by FT-IR, Raman, UV-Visible spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology of the hybrid films was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sensing performance of the SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid material was studied against low-concentrations of NH3 in the range of 0.1-40 ppm by measuring changes in the films' conductivity at different levels of relative humidity. The reversible electrical sensor response toward ammonia was observed both in the case of SWCNT and SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid films however the response values of SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid film were higher than those of SWCNT

Foreign Trade, Education And Innovative Performance: A Multilevel Analysis

This research analyses the innovative performance of 5273 companies across 64 different economic sectors and 32 different regions in Colombia. We assess the different effects on the innovative performance of firms by analyzing firm, sector, and regional level determinants. The study involves the multilevel approach of the innovation process considering the structure and behavior of innovation systems in developing countries. We furthermore focus on technology transfer from foreign trade and the role of education in the process of innovation. We find that education and open economy variables have a significant relationship with innovation performance at the firm and regional levels

Diş Hekimlerinin Kardiyopulmoner Resüsitasyon ve Mavi Kod Uygulamaları Konusunda Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the dentists’ knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and code blue application (CBA). Methods: The study was conducted among 210 dentists working in the public hospitals or dental faculty in Kayseri. The study included 165 dentists who volunteered to respond the survey questions. Participants were asked 19 questions about their demographics, as well as their knowledge and experience of CPR and CBA. The dataset was statistically evaluated. Results: It was determined that 43.6% of the participants had used CBA before, and 70.3% of the participants were capable of giving the code blue. The participants' rates of experiencing cardiac arrest cases anywhere or in their dental practice were 15.2% and 0.6%, respectively. After graduation, 69.7% of the participants received CPR training; however, only 6.7% performed CPR. 61.2%, 55.2%, and 57.6% of participants correctly answered questions about chest compression rate, chest compression/respiration ratio, and application site, respectively. It was found that participants with 1 to 5 years of professional experience answered the questions more accurately. Conclusion: The participants in the study had a lack of knowledge regarding CPR and CBA. As a result, CPR training for dentists should begin in the undergraduate years and continue in the postgraduate years. Keywords: Dentist, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Code blue ÖZ Amaç: Diş hekimlerinin kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon (KPR) ve mavi kod uygulamaları (MKU) hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Anket formları, Kayseri ilindeki çeşitli kamu kurumları veya üniversitede görev yapan 210 diş hekimine ulaştırılmıştır. Soruları yanıtlamayı kabul eden 165 katılımcı çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara demografik özelliklerini, KPR ve MKU hakkındaki bilgi ve deneyimlerini değerlendiren 19 adet soru sorulmuştur. Veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %70,3’ünün mavi kod vermeyi bildiği ve %43,6’sının önceden mavi kod verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %15,2’si herhangi bir zamanda, %0,6’sı ise diş tedavisi sırasında kardiyak arrest durumu ile karşılaştığını belirtmiştir. Mezuniyet sonrası KPR eğitimi alanların oranı %69,7 ve KPR uygulayanların oranı ise %6,7 idi. Katılımcılar, KPR sırasında göğüs kompresyon hızı, göğüs kompresyonu / solunum oranı ve uygulama yeri ile ilgili sorulara sırasıyla %61,2, %55,2 ve %57,6 oranında doğru cevap vermiştir. Mesleki tecrübe süresi 1-5 yıl arasında olan diş hekimlerinin bu soruları cevaplamada daha başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Katılımcıların KPR ve MKU konusunda bilgi eksikliklerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, diş hekimlerine yönelik KPR eğitimleri lisans düzeyinde başlamalı ve mezuniyet sonrası dönemde devam etmelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Diş hekimi, Kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon, Mavi ko

Erozyona uğramış toprakların verimliliğinin arttırılmasında organik ve inorganik materyallerden yararlanma olanakları

TEZ5626Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2005.Kaynakça (s. 74-73) var.xi, 84 s. : rnk. res. ; 29 cm.It is well known that the intensive use of chemicals in agricultural production systems causes important environmental problems in both soil quality and human health. Therefore, recently use of organic fertilizer is so popular and compared to chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate mycorrhizae, compost and different inorganic materials on growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, maize and clover plants. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse at University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science. Mycorrhizae, compost, ground basalt, sphalerit, sulphur and their combinations were used as fertilizer and compared with chemical fertilizers. The experiment was set up on two less fertile Çukurova soils such as Avadan and Karaburun. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in three replications. According to the results, mycorrhizae, compost, ground basalt, sphalerit, sulphur and their combinations and chemical fertilizer applications increased plant dry matter production and nutrient uptake of wheat, maize and clover plants when compared with control. Also treatments increased the plant phosphorus uptake. Especially mycorrhizae application showed important difference from other applications.Tarımsal üretim sistemlerinde yogun kimyasal kullanımının çevre, toprak kalitesi ve insan saglıgını olumsuz yönde etkiledigi bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, son zamanlarda sürdürülebilir tarım için kimyasallara alternatif olarak organik gübrelerin kullanımı güncellesmistir. Bu çalısmanın amacı Çukurova bölgesinde mikoriza, kompost ve farklı inorganik materyallerin bugday, mısır ve üçgül bitkisinin besin elementleri alımı ve büyümesine etkilerini arastırmaktır. Deneme Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Anabilim Dalı seralarında yürütülmüstür. Mikoriza, kompost, ögütülmüs bazalt, sfalerit, kükürt ve onların kombinasyonları gübre olarak kullanılmıs ve kimyasal gübre ile karsılastırılmıstır. Deneme Karaburun ve Avadan gibi verimlilikleri düsük Çukurova toprakları üzerinde tesadüf blokları desenine göre üç yinelemeli olarak kurulmustur. Deneme sonuçlarına göre mikoriza, kompost, ögütülmüs bazalt, sfalerit, kükürt ve kombinasyonları ve kimyasal gübre uygulamaları kontrole göre bugday, mısır ve üçgül bitkisinin kuru madde üretimini ve besin elementleri alımını önemli derecede artırmıstır. Aynı sekilde belirli bir artıs bitkilerin fosfor içeriginde de belirlenmistir. Bu uygulamalardan özellikle mikoriza uygulaması diger uygulamalardan önemli derecede farklılık göstermistir.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FBE2003YL5

The effects of applications of fertigation and mycorrhiza on yield and nutrient uptake of tomato and pepper plants.

TEZ9435Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2012.Kaynakça (s. 105-131) var.xiii, 142 s. : res., tablo ; 29 cm.Bu çalışmanın amacı fertigasyonda farklı gübre uygulama zamanlarının (her sulamada gübre, her iki sulamada bir gübre, her üç sulamada bir gübre) ve mikoriza uygulamalarının domates ve biber bitkilerinin verimine ve besin elementleri içeriğine olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Deneme Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma Uygulama Çiftliği arazisinde yer alan Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü araştırma ve deneme alanında tarla koşullarında iki yıl süreyle üç tekerrürlü olarak fertigasyon uygulaması geleneksel sulama yöntemi ile karşılaştırmalı yürütülmüştür. Denemede test bitkileri olarak domates ve biber, mikoriza türü olarak da Glomus caledonium kullanılmıştır. Denemede domates ve biber bitkilerinin verimi ve yaprakların N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu içerikleri ile kök infeksiyonları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, hem domates hem de biber bitkilerinde fosfor uygulanmayan, mikoriza aşılaması yapılan, her sulamada bir gübre ve her iki sulamada bir gübre uygulamaları verimi en fazla artıran uygulamalar olmuştur. Domates ve biber bitkilerinin P içeriklerini ise her sulamada gübre uygulaması en fazla artıran uygulama olmuştur. Ayrıca mikoriza aşılaması yapılan bitkilerin veriminin ve besin elementleri içeriklerinin mikoriza aşılaması yapılmayan bitkilere göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different fertilization frequency and inoculation of mycorrhizae on yield and nutrient uptake of tomato and pepper plants. The experiment was carried out under field conditions during two years with three replications at University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture. In experiment fertigation was compared with conventional irrigation system and mycorrhiza (Glomus caledonium) was inoculated and tomato and pepper were used as test plant. Yield, tomato and pepper plants leaves N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentraiton and root colonization were determined. Results revealed that, without phosphorus application mycorrhizae inoculated in every irrigation and second irrigations pepper and tomato plants yield were significantly increased. The application of fertilizer in every irrigation significantly increased P concentration of tomato and pepper plants, compared with other treatments. Also the mycorrhizae inoculated plants have higher yield and nutrition uptake than non-inoculated plants.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: ZF2009D18