Assessment of Care for Cultural Competence in Healthcare Services: A Systematic Rewiev of Qualitative Studies

Background: Societies have a multicultural structure characterized by the spread of cultural diversity and having to live together with different ethnic origins, languages, and racial individuals. This requires that health professionals should adopt a care approach regarding cultural competence in order to prevent health inequalities due to cultural differences, to meet the health needs at desired level, and to enable maintenance of evidence‐based care. Objective: To assess the cultural competence of the care provided in healthcare services. Methods: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Proquest, Sage, and ScienceDirect databases were scanned; seven articles matching the criteria were evaluated. Findings: (1) The number of articles that examined clearly and comprehensively in the context of qualitative research relationship between cultural competence and healthcare services was few, (2) the results couldn’t be combined into a common pavilion because many of the studies have processed on independent topics by addressing different dimensions of cultural competence, (3) in studies, it has been found that important components of care such as mutual communication, trust‐based care environment, positive and non‐judgmental approaches of health professionals, clinical skills, and linguistic differences were effective for cultural competence of healthcare services

Increased expression of YAP1 in prostate cancer correlates with extraprostatic extension.

Objective:Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a member of the Hippo pathway, acting as a transcriptional coactivator. To elucidate the role of YAP1 and phosphorylated (p)YAP1 in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis, we investigated their expression in clinical samples of PCa and cell lines. Methods:Fifty-four tumor, adjacent nontumor, and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) tissues from patients with PCa after radical prostatectomy were selected from a retrospective cohort and studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein and mRNA expression levels of YAP1 were evaluated by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, respectively, in cancer cell lines. Publicly available gene expression datasets were downloaded to analyze YAP1 mRNA and protein levels in PCa tissue samples. Results:IHC analysis of PCa tissues revealed that YAP1 staining intensities were moderate to weak in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas adjacent normal epithelia showed strong staining. We observed that benign prostates were characterized by higher expression levels of both nuclear (P=0.004) and cytosolic (P=0.005) YAP1. pYAP1 staining was weak in the cytoplasm and absent in the nucleus of all the tissues investigated. YAP1 expression was an indicator of extraprostatic extension (EPE). The level of YAP1 was negatively correlated with the level of the androgen receptor (AR) in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and Western blot analysis of cell lines. Conclusions:Our study suggested that YAP1 expression is heterogeneous in PCa tissue samples; therefore, YAP1 might play different roles in different aspects of PCa progression. This might involve AR-YAP1 interplay in PCa

The effects of cigarette smoking on ventricular repolarization in adolescents

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective To assess the association between cigarette smoking and ventricular arrhythmias in adolescents. Novel electrocardiographic parameters –Tp-e interval, as well as Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratios – were used to make this assessment. Methods The study population consisted of 87 subjects aged between 16-19 years. Fifty-one adolescent smokers with no risk of arrhythmia comprised the Smoker Group, and 36 adolescents who had never smoked cigarettes comprised the Control Group. Smokers were defined as patients smoking more than three cigarettes per day, for at least 1 year. Body mass index, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures were measured, and electrocardiograms were performed on all subjects. Heart rate, PR and Tp-e intervals, and Tpe/QT, Tpe/QTc ratio were digitally measured. Results Adolescents in Smoker Group had smoked cigarettes for 2.9±1.4 years (range 1 to 6 years). The mean age at starting smoking was 13.8±1.4 years. There were no differences between smokers and Control Group as to baseline clinical variables (p>0.05). The PR, QT and QTc intervals were similar in all groups. Tp-e interval (98.4±12.7ms and 78.3±6.9 ms; p<0.001), Tpe/QT (0.28±0.04 and 22±0.03; p<0.01), Tpe/QTc (0.24±0.03 and 0.19±0.01; p<0.001) ratios were significantly higher in Smoker Group. There were no correlations between years of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, Tpe interval, Tpe/QT or Tpe/QTc ratios. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is associated with risk of ventricular arrhytmogenesis with prolonged Tp-e interval and increased Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratios in adolescents.</p></div

Increased expression of YAP1 in prostate cancer correlates with extraprostatic extension.

ObjectiveYes associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a member of the Hippo pathway, acting as a transcriptional coactivator. To elucidate the role of YAP1 and phosphorylated (p)YAP1 in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis, we investigated their expression in clinical samples of PCa and cell lines.MethodsFifty-four tumor, adjacent nontumor, and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) tissues from patients with PCa after radical prostatectomy were selected from a retrospective cohort and studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein and mRNA expression levels of YAP1 were evaluated by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, respectively, in cancer cell lines. Publicly available gene expression datasets were downloaded to analyze YAP1 mRNA and protein levels in PCa tissue samples.ResultsIHC analysis of PCa tissues revealed that YAP1 staining intensities were moderate to weak in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas adjacent normal epithelia showed strong staining. We observed that benign prostates were characterized by higher expression levels of both nuclear (P=0.004) and cytosolic (P=0.005) YAP1. pYAP1 staining was weak in the cytoplasm and absent in the nucleus of all the tissues investigated. YAP1 expression was an indicator of extraprostatic extension (EPE). The level of YAP1 was negatively correlated with the level of the androgen receptor (AR) in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and Western blot analysis of cell lines.ConclusionsOur study suggested that YAP1 expression is heterogeneous in PCa tissue samples; therefore, YAP1 might play different roles in different aspects of PCa progression. This might involve AR-YAP1 interplay in PCa

Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of Ni(II), Cu(II) and UO2(VI) complexes of N '-((2Z,3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene)-2-phenylacetohydrazide

WOS: 000449141100005In this study, the mononuclear Ni(II), Cu(II) and UO2(VI) complexes of N'-((2Z,3E)-3-(hydroxyimino) butan-2-ylidene)-2-phenylacetohydrazide ligand (LH2) have been synthesized. All compounds have been characterized by using elemental, spectral, X-ray analyses and magnetic moment measurements. The IR spectra of Ni(II) and UO2(VI) complexes show that LH2 has coordinated to the metal ions in tridentate manner with ON2 donor sites of deprotonated phenolic -OH, the imine N atoms of hydrazone (CO=N) and oxime (C=N-OH) groups. In the Cu(II) complex, the ligand is ketoamine form and bond to metal ion via carbonyl oxygen, imine nitrogen atoms of oxime and hydrazone groups. The spectral and magnetic studies show that the Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes exhibit octahedral geometry. UO2(VI) complex has a monomeric structure constructed of a hexagonal bipyramidal uranyl centre with two monodentate ligand in trans-position. Newly complexes have been tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. All of the complexes have active against L mono cytogenes, M. luteus, S. epidermis, B. cereus, S. typhi H, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Br. abortus and C albicans. Results of antioxidant activities indicate that the ligand and complexes have multiple antioxidant activities, such as total antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum) assay, reducing power, free radical (DPPH center dot), superoxide anion and ABTS' scavenging activity tests. The Ni(II) complex exhibited more effective total antioxidant activity and reducing power than BHA and trolox but weak the ABTS(center dot+), free radical (DPPH center dot), and superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) scavenging activity. The ABTS(center dot+), and DPPH* scavenging activities of Cu(II) were found excellent in comparison with standards. Ni(II), and UO2(VI) acted a powerful inhibitor of superoxide anion. The Cu(II) complex crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c, while UO2(VI) complex crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Inductive Reasoning in Patients with Paranoid Type Schizophrenia

The goal of our study is to evaluate the decision making and reasoning of the paranoid type schizophrenic patients, and their confidence in reasoning and perseverance in keeping to their decisions via using Reasoning with Inductive Argument Test (RIAT). Thirty-two delusional patients and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. After the diagnostic interview was conducted by SCID-I to the patients who were asked to participate in the study, RIAT test was applied by the interviewer in order to detect the inferential thinking patterns. Apart for the 3rd item out of 11 RIAT items the difference of initial scores are not statistically significant. After both delusional patient group and control groups RIAT items are read, according to ANOVA results of the difference between the belief levels in the result of their initial reasoning and belief level after seeing the alternatives (RIAT belief level before and after), no significant differences were detected for both groups in terms of changes between the belief levels to the RIAT items before and after. According to this study apart from the area of delusions, it can be say that the reasoning of the patients is normal. Our study indicates that when the delusional patients are compared to the control group in terms of jumping to conclusion and modifying their initial beliefs, they are not different when given similarly sufficient amount of data. [JCBPR 2017; 6(2.000): 67-74

Assessment of dentinal tubule penetration of AH plus, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex after various disinfection procedures: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare dentinal tubule penetration of various root canal sealers obturated after the application of different irrigation activation procedures by a laser scanning confocal microscope. Methods: A total of 150 extracted human permanent mandibular premolar single-rooted teeth were selected and randomly divided into 3 main groups according to the sealer type (n = 50) as AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Sealapex. Each main group was randomly subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the irrigation activation protocols (n = 10): Potassium–titanyl–phosphate laser irradiation, conventional needle, intra-kit, sonic irrigation, and ultrasonic irrigation procedures. After the activation procedures, the root canals were obturated with AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Sealapex mixed with 0.1% fluorescent rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Specimens were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. All sections were examined under a confocal laser scanning micro- scope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration area. Results: Data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests (P = .05). Sealapex indicated a statistically lesser penetration than the other group (P < .05), MTA Fillapex ensured deeper penetration than AH Plus (P < .05). Ultrasonic irrigation provided sig- nificantly deeper penetration than other activation procedures (P < .05). The statistically high- est percentage and the maximum depth of sealer penetration were shown in coronal third for all groups (P < .05). Conclusion: The selection of root canal sealer, irrigation activation procedures, and root canal region plays a crucial role on the dentinal tubule penetration. AH Plus and MTA Fillapex applied with ultrasonic irrigation could achieve deeper sealer penetration in dentinal tubules

MALNUTRITION VIA GLIM CRITERIA IN GENERAL SURGERY PATIENTS

Purpose: The purposes are to determine malnutrition in elective general surgery patients via GLIM criteria, and to determine the effect of malnutrition on Length of Stay (LoS).Material and Methods: : In this cross-sectional study malnutrition was detected by GLIM after a pre -assessment via NRS2002. Reduced muscle mass in GLIM, was assessed using different anthropometric measurements and cut-off points and a handgrip. Length of hospital (LoS) and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were the outcomes. Data were collected within 48 hours of admission. Association between malnutrition and outcomes were determine by t-test. Logistic regression models were established to present the effect of malnutrition on long LoS. p0.05 was deemed significant.Results: Among participants (n=224) risk of malnutrition was 45.5% via NRS2002, malnutrition was 44-45 % via GLIM. The ones who are under risk of malnutrition and malnourished has significantly longer ICU stay and LoS. After controlling for confounding variables, being in malnutrition via GLIM, significantly increased long LoS 3.9-fold (p0.001).Conclusion: Malnutrition increased LoS. NRS2002 and GLIM yield similar results. Measured by a non-elastic tape, circumference measurements can be preferred to define reduced muscle mass in GLIM. Broader studies should be conducted to determine which anthropometric measurement would better define reduced muscle mass for GLIM