Further faunistic notes on Cozyptila and Xysticus from Turkey (Aranea, Thomisidae)

Nine recently described or poorly known species of the thomisid genera Cozyptila Lehtinen & Marusik, 2005 and Xysticus C.L. Koch, 1835 are reported from Turkey. Five species, Cozyptila blackwalli (Simon, 1875), C. thaleri Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005, Xysticus bacurianensis Mcheidze, 1971, X. thessalicoides Wunderlich, 1995 and X. xerodermus Strand, 1913, are new records for the Turkish spider fauna. Two species, X. bacurianensis and X. xerodermus are illustrated and a distribution map is provided for the former. A few additional records are given for Greece and the Caucasian countries, of which X. bacurianensis is new for Azerbaijan

Earthquake Performance Investigation of a Masonry Building

This study investigated earthquake safety of a school building with a total construction area of 377 m2 based on Turkish Earthquake Code-2007 (TEC-2007). The architectural projects of the building were not present. Data regarding the details and sizes of the elements to be used in determining the capacities of the elements of the supporting systems of the existing buildings and information regarding the geometry and material characteristics of the supporting systems were achieved from observations and measurements to be carried out on the building. Then the measured system drawings were prepared for the building. Photographs revealing the current state of the building were taken and are presented in this study. How the performance of the building was evaluated was given in detail as step by step. By evaluating the performance of the building, the needed strengthening method was suggested to have an earthquake resistant building

Earthquake Safety Analysis of an Historical Masonry Building

In this study, how to study the earthquake safety of an Historical Masonry Residence that has wall damages because of soil sitting is shown. Restitution and restoration projects of the building are used in the analysis in addition to the site observation and research. The building has a basement, a ground floor, a normal floor and a half roof floor. The all walls of the basement and the outer walls of the other floors are made of stones. Inner walls are wood members. Stresses at the structural members are calculated by SAP2000 v.15 program. Planar stress analysis is made by SAP2000 v.15 program for ultimate loads. Structural members of building are modeled as shell member after the material properties are determined. Sittings of the building are considered as support settlement in the analysis. It is seen that most of the calculated stresses are lower than the limit stresses given in Turkish Seismic Code and only the basement walls have high stresses. These walls is strengthened by using FRP. Seismic behavior of residence is enhanced to demanded level by TSC-2007 with proposed strengthening metho

Investigating the Behaviour of Plaster Mortared Rural Masonry Walls

Turkey is located on the Alpine-Himalayan earthquake zone. %92 of its land is faced with earthquake hazard. Even in low intensity earthquakes, major damages have been observed in masonry structures. Masonry structures which are built without any technical support constitute the %40-45 of the structures in Turkey. Therefore, these structures cause losses of lives and remarkable economic in earthquakes. Studies on earthquake resistant structural designs focus on reinforced concrete and steel structures. Researches on masonry structures which are especially preferred in rural areas in Turkey. However, earthquakes negatively affect the masonry structures more than reinforced concrete and steel ones. In the scope of this study, behavior of plaster mixed walls which increase the strength of masonry structures is studied. For this purpose, strength values of normal plaster mixed regular walls with blend bricks and polypropylene and steel fiber mixed masonry walls are analyzed. Double-row and 45x45 mm sized normal mortared wall which is specially produced by 1:2 scaled blend bricks having 100x50x30 mm size values and walls that are formed by polypropylene and steel fiber additives are exposed to biaxial load in several angles. Stress-envelope equations are obtained due to strength of masonry walls bonded by plaster mixed blend bricks. Obtained curves make an important contribution to determine the realistic behavior of polypropylene and steel fiber plastered masonry walls

Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Structural Package Programs

Seismic performances of the structures shall be investigated due to lack of strength, seismic forces and change of intended purpose. Package softwares are developed to perform the complicated performance analyses easily. However, engineers must investigate the efficiency of these softwares. In this study, three different packaged softwares are used to compare the linear performance analyses according to Turkish Seismic Code-2007. Since non-linear performance analysis methods are not available in all programs, it is not taken into consideration in the scope of this study. Linear performance analysis of five different reinforced concrete (R/C) structures such as column-beam frame systems and systems with shear walls are analyzed and seismic performances are obtained. Furthermore, performance values are inclusively compared with figures. The reasons of the differences are presented. With the analyses, r values differ from each other. The main reason of this situation is the difference in remnant moment and efficient moment values. Modeling techniques also affect this case. According to the results, seismic performances of structures that have basic geometry, small sections and less irregularities are close each other. On the other hand, the results become different with the irregularity. Especially, seismic performances of the structures with shear walls differ from each other due to the various acceptances

Çerçeveli Binalarda Kolon Eksenel Deformasyonlarının Yanal Ötelenmeye Etkisi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2015Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2015Yapıların ötelenmesi, gerekli bina rijitliğinin sağlanmasında önemli bir göstergesidir. Günümüzde yapıların ötelenmesi, bilgisayar programları ile yapılan analizler ile elde edilmektedir. Yapı ötelenmeleri bilgisayar programları ile hesaplansa bile, uygulamacı mühendisin pratik formüllere ihtiyacı vardır. Aşırı yanal ötelenme, yapının hasar görmesine neden olabilir. Yanal ötelenmelerin sınırlandırılması bu hasarı önleyebilir. Bu nedenle yapıda meydana gelen yanal ötelenmelerin doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi önemli bir konu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çerçeveli binalarda kolon eksenel deformasyonlarının yanal ötelenmeye etkisi incelenmiştir. Çözümlemelerde çerçeveli yapıların ötelenmesi için literatürde önerilen genel diferansiyel denklemler düzenlenerek analitik ilişkiler elde edilmiştir. İlk olarak, diferansiyel denklem sonuçları SAP 2000 analiz programı sonuçları ile kıyaslanmıştır. Daha sonra diferansiyel denklemler yardımıyla çerçeveli bir bina üzerinde kolon eksenel deformasyonlarının ötelenmeye etkisi incelenmiştir.The story drift of the structure is an important indicator for providing required stiffness. Nowadays, computer programs are used to determine the drift in the structures together with structural analysis. Even, structural drifts are calculated by computer programs, engineer needs a quick and realistic solution method. The large lateral displacement can cause damage to the structure. The limited lateral displacement can prevent this damage. Therefore, accurate determination of lateral sway in building is an important subject. In this study, the effects of column axial deformations are examined on sway of framed buildings. Analytical relations are obtained by utilizing the general differential equations given in literature. Firstly, the results of differential equations are compared with SAP 2000 program results. Then, the effects of column axial deformations are examined on sway of framed building by using differential equations

Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Structural Package Programs

Seismic performances of the structures shall be investigated due to lack of strength, seismic forces and change of intended purpose. Package softwares are developed to perform the complicated performance analyses easily. However, engineers must investigate the efficiency of these softwares. In this study, three different packaged softwares are used to compare the linear performance analyses according to Turkish Seismic Code-2007. Since non-linear performance analysis methods are not available in all programs, it is not taken into consideration in the scope of this study. Linear performance analysis of five different reinforced concrete (R/C) structures such as column-beam frame systems and systems with shear walls are analyzed and seismic performances are obtained. Furthermore, performance values are inclusively compared with figures. The reasons of the differences are presented. With the analyses, r values differ from each other. The main reason of this situation is the difference in remnant moment and efficient moment values. Modeling techniques also affect this case. According to the results, seismic performances of structures that have basic geometry, small sections and less irregularities are close each other. On the other hand, the results become different with the irregularity. Especially, seismic performances of the structures with shear walls differ from each other due to the various acceptances