Selection of the optimal completion of horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of the low-permeable formation, field C

At the moment, many fields of Western Siberia are in the later stages of development. In this regard, the multilayer fields are actually involved in the development of hard to recover reserves by conducting well interventions. However, most of these assets may not to be economical profitable without application of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing treatment. Moreover, location of frac ports in relative to each other, number of stages, volume of proppant per one stage are the main issues due to the fact that the interference effect could lead to the loss of oil production. The optimal arrangement of horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracture was defined in this paper. Several analytical approaches have been used to predict the started oil flow rate and chose the most appropriate for field C reservoir J1. However, none of the analytical equations could not take into account the interference effect and determine the optimum number of fractures. Therefore, the simulation modelling was used. Finally, the universal equation is derived for this field C, the reservoir J1. This tool could be used to predict the flow rate of the horizontal well with hydraulic fracturing treatment on the qualitative level without simulation model

Assessment of pharmacological activity and bioavailability of the new derivative 1,3,4-thiadiazole

Acexazolamide is a new derivative of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and acexamic acid. In animal experiments, acute toxicity, pharmacological activity and bioavailability of acexazolamide were evaluate

Modulation of Circumstellar Extinction in a Young Binary System with a Low-Mass Companion in a Noncoplanar Orbit

The cyclic activity model of a young star with the low-mass secondary component (q = M2/M1 <= 0.1) accreting a matter from circumbinary disk is considered. It is assumed that the orbit is circular and the disk and orbital planes are non-coplanar. Sets of hydrodynamics models of such a system have been calculated by the SPH method and then the variations of the circumstellar extinction and phase light curves were determined. The calculations showed that depending on the model parameters and orientation of the system in regards to an observer the different in shape and amplitude light curves can be observed. An important property of the considered models is also the dependence of the mass accretion rate onto the components on the phase of the orbital period. The results of the calculation can be used for analysis of the cyclic activity of UX Ori stars and young stars with the long-lasting eclipses.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Metabolic and cardiovascular features of the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men with hypogonadism

Introduction. Androgenic deficiency is an important pathogenetic element in the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in men. It has been proven that in male patients with type 2 diabetes, hypogonadism develops much more often. Objective – to study the metabolic and cardiovascular features of the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in men with androgen deficiency.Materials and methods. The study included 124 men with type 2 diabetes. To diagnose hypogonadism, the levels of total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), albumin and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured. Free testosterone (free T) levels were calculated using a calculator from Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. A retrospective analysis of case histories was carried out (spectrum of late complications, the presence of heart attacks and strokes, laboratory data – total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood plasma glucose, basal insulin level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)). The HOMA-IR index was used to determine the degree of insulin resistance.Results. The average age of men was 57.39 ± 9.41 years. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed hypogonadism is 50.81%. An average positive correlation was found between androgen deficiency and the incidence of non-fatal cardiovascular events (r = 0.45, p &lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of hypogonadism and the incidence and degree of late complications of T2DM. Patients with low T levels tended to have higher HOMA-IR values compared to patients with normal T levels (p &lt; 0.05). At the same time, the indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism did not differ significantly in these groups (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusions. The revealed incidence of hypogonadism in men with T2DM corresponds to the data of international studies. The presence of a significant correlation between low testosterone levels and cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM suggests that hypogonadism can be used as an additional criterion for cardiovascular risk. Testosterone deficiency exacerbates insulin resistance, which can lead to weight gain and impair carbohydrate metabolism

Minimization of Fungicidal Applications Against Potato Late Blight in the North Caucasian Region: Use of the “Agrodozor” System

Late blight is considered to be the most devastating potato disease, which control requires application of fungicides able to significantly contaminate the environment and accumulate in agricultural products. Pesticide load on potato fields can be reduced via optimization of the scheme of protective treatments. Such optimization can be performed using a mathematical simulator describing the dependence of late blight-caused yield losses on the weather data and an “Agrodozor” decision support system (DSS). The performed analysis of a situation in the regions of the North Caucasus allowed us to determine three zones differing in the disease harmfulness and characterized by potential yield losses at the level of &lt;10, 10-20, and &gt;20 % and the probability of disease appearance in field during 30, 77, and 90 % of seasons, respectively. Using the “Agrodozor” DSS, we calculated the optimum dates of fungicidal treatments for these zones and showed that, comparing to the commonly used routine scheme of treatments, the use of this DSS provides a significant reduction of the number of such treatments and, therefore, the corresponding costs for their arrangement, as well as reduction of the total toxicity index of the required protective measures