Students Motivations For Voluntary Remedial Learning In High School

Most high schools offer remedial learning sessions to their students; however, very little is known about the perception of these activities, especially with regards to the students motivations. In order to gain insights into both topics, an exploratory study was conducted within a sample of 1388 high school students in the Province of Quebec (Canada). Participants were selected on the basis of their voluntary participation or non-participation in remedial learning sessions held at school. School motivation was measured with a questionnaire based on Deci and Ryans SDT (Self Determination Theory); perceptions were gathered and measured with open-ended and multiple choice items. Quantitative results indicated that participants of remedial learning sessions were more strongly motivated towards school. No significant relationships were found between attendance and grades, with similar proportions of high, average and below average participating and non-participating students; however, among participants, girls outnumbered boys by 2:1. Two main categories emerged from qualitative analyses: remedial learning can be seen as: a) an instrumental support linked to the subject matter; or b) a relational support which fosters better learning

Étude du processus de patrimonialisation du village de Saint-Élie-de-Caxton

Jusque dans les années 1960, le village de Saint-Élie était surtout connu pour ses lacs et son calvaire. Or, avec le mouvement de sécularisation et plus tard la fermeture des usines, Saint-Élie a subi un exode démographique. Puis, en 2007, les résidents ont commencé à observer des changements positifs, le village s’est mis à reprendre vie, des visiteurs ont peu à peu envahi l’espace et des commerces ont surgi un peu partout. C’est qu’un jeune conteur du nom de Fred Pellerin l’a fait sortir de l’ombre grâce à son univers de contes et de légendes. Dans ses histoires, celui qui a été nommé ambassadeur de SaintÉlie, prend en considération la géographie et la topographie des lieux et les protagonistes, les légendes qui habitent ces histoires sont nommées, ont existé. La communauté s’y est donc reconnue sans peine, elle s’est approprié ce patrimoine particulier qu’elle transmet désormais aux visiteurs au moyen d’une visite guidée, à pied ou en charrette. Pellerin a mis son village sur la map et aujourd’hui le nom de celui-ci résonne jusque dans les communautés francophones du Canada, des Maritimes au Yukon, et jusqu’en Europe francophone. Comme ces « curieux » partis à la découverte d’un village non imaginaire, nous avons voulu saisir de près ce qui se passe à Saint-Élie-de-Caxton depuis une quinzaine d’années. Pour ce faire, nous avons eu recours à deux stratégies de recherche : une revue de presse et une enquête de terrain. La revue de presse, qui s’est étalée de 1996 à 2016, a permis de répertorier les articles qui traitent du village de Saint-Élie-de-Caxton, du conteur et de sa carrière afin d’en dégager le discours médiatique. L’enquête de terrain, constituée d’entrevues et d’observations ayant nécessité plusieurs séjours à Saint-Élie, a permis de recueillir le témoignage des résidents, anciens comme nouveaux, sur le mouvement de mise en tourisme, de revitalisation et de mise en patrimoine en cours au village. Ainsi, à travers ces deux grands axes discursifs, nous avons pu découvrir et repérer de nombreux indices et marqueurs de ce qui nous semble être un processus de patrimonialisation à l’oeuvre à Saint-Élie-de-Caxton. L’originalité de notre recherche réside dans cette occasion unique pour l’ethnologue de « suivre » le déroulement d’un phénomène de patrimonialisation étape par étape, au cours de son élaboration. Nous avons cherché à comprendre qui sont les différents agents et acteurs de cette mise en patrimoine et quel rôle précis ils ont joué dans la mise en tourisme du village qui a mené à une importante revitalisation. Nous nous sommes également attachée à saisir les enjeux qui entourent cette mise en patrimoine, comme la folklorisation et la muséification. Nous nous sommes aussi intéressée aux conséquences engendrées par la présence de nombreux visiteurs, aux aspects économiques et aux changements dans le « décor » du paysage caxtonien. La patrimonialisation étant un processus complexe et changeant, qui varie dans le temps et en fonction des acteurs sociaux, chaque cas est donc différent, autonome, unique; nous avons voulu comprendre ce que celui à l’oeuvre à Saint-Élie-de-Caxton avait justement de particulier pour faire de ce village « ordinaire » une attraction touristique prisée.Up until the 1960s, the village of Saint-Élie was mostly known for its lakes and its calvary. However, over the years, Saint-Élie suffered a demographic exodus brought about by the secularization movement, and, later on, by factories shuting down. Then in 2007, residents started noticing positive changes: the village began to liven up, visitors gradually invading the space and shops popping up all around. That was all thanks to a young storyteller, Fred Pellerin, who brought the village into light by using it as the backdrop to his world of tales and legends. In the sories told by the man who was named ambassador of Saint-Élie, the geography and topography refer to real world places and the protagonists, the legends, are real people that have actually existed. Hence the community has easily recognized itself in these stories and made this special heritage its own, now now transmiting it to visitors through guided tours, either on foot or by cart. Pellerin made his village famous and its name now resonates throughout the Francophone communities of Canada, from the Maritimes to the Yukon, and all the way to European Francophone communities. Just as these flocking tourists, who came to discover this non-imaginary village, we wanted to take a closer look at what has been happening in Saint-Élie-de-Caxton for the last fifteen years. Two research strategies were used top do so: a press review and a field survey. The press review, which ran from 1996 to 2016, allowed us to identify the media discourse of articles covering the village of Saint-Élie-de-Caxton, the storyteller, and the latter's career. The field survey consisted of interviews and observations that required several stays in Saint-Élie in order to gather testimonies, from long time residents as well as from newcommers, about the ongoing transformation of the village into a heritage tourist attraction as well as its revitalization. Thus, through these two major discursive axes, we have been able to uncover and identify numerous clues and markers that lead us to think a patrimonialization process may be at work in Saint-Élie-de-Caxton. The originality of our research lies in this unique opportunity for the ethnologist to "follow" the unfolding of a patrimonialization phenomenon step by step, during its development. We sought to understand who are the different agents and actors of this heritage development and what precise role they have played in the village's tourism development which led to a major revitalization. We have also endeavored to grasp the issues surrounding this heritage development, such as folklorization and museification. We were also interested in the consequences of this increase in visitor presence, the economic aspects and the changes in the Caxton landscape. Patrimonialization being a complex and changing process which varies in time and according to social actors, each case is different, autonomous, unique. Our goal was to understand how the process at work in Saint-Éliede- Caxton distinguishes itself from other such processes and has managed to turn this "ordinary" village into a popular tourist attraction

Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors

Psychological resilience is important in sport because athletes must utilize and optimize a range of mental qualities to withstand the pressures that they experience. In this paper, we discuss psychological resilience in sport performers via a review of the stressors athletes encounter and the protective factors that help them withstand these demands. It is hoped that synthesizing what is known in these areas will help researchers gain a deeper profundity of resilience in sport, and also provide a rigorous and robust foundation for the development of a sport-specific measure of resilience. With these points in mind, we divided the narrative into two main sections. In the first section, we review the different types of stressors encountered by sport performers under three main categories: competitive, organizational, and personal. Based on our recent research examining psychological resilience in Olympics champions (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012), in the second section we discuss the five main families of psychological factors (viz. positive personality, motivation, confidence, focus, perceived social support) that protect the best athletes from the potential negative effect of stressors. It is anticipated that this review will help sport psychology researchers examine the interplay between stressors and protective factors which will, in turn, focus the analytical lens on the processes underlying psychological resilience in athletes

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Attitudes des futures enseignantes du primaire àl’égard des sciences

Cet article fait état des résultats d’une enquête portant sur les attitudes àl’égard des sciences. Cinq thèmes ont été retenus : les sciences et la santé, lessciences et l’environnement, les sciences et la morale, les sciences et lesscientifiques, et les sciences en elles-mêmes. Pas moins de 322 filles et 25garçons, inscrits en formation des maîtres au primaire et répartis dans troisuniversités québécoises, ont répondu à un questionnaire. Les différences entre lesrésultats obtenus sont significatives; des conclusions d’ordre didactique sontdiscutées.This article describes the results of a survey of attitudes to science. The fivethemes examined include: science and health, science and environment, science andmoral behavior, science and scientists, and the various sciences. Respondents to aquestionnaire were 322 females and 25 males enrolled in teacher training for primarylevel at three Quebec universities: the authors note significant differences in theresults obtained and discuss didactic implications.Este artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta que se refiere a lasactítudes respecto a las cíencías. Cínco temas fueron retenídos: las cïencias de lasalud, las cíencías el medio ambiente, las ciencas morales, las cíencías y loscientîficos, y las cíencías en si mismas. 322 estudiantes femeninas y 25 estudiantesmasculinos, inscritos en programas de formación de maestros a nivel primario yrepartidos en tres universidades quebequenses respondieron a un cuestionario. Lasdiferencias entre los resultatos obtenidos son significativas y las conclusiones detipo didáctico son discutidas.Dieser Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse einer Befragung über die Einstellunggegenüber den Naturwissenschaften vor. Es wurden fünf Themen behandelt, und zwar:Naturwissenschaften und Gesundheit, Naturwissenschaften und Umwelt,Naturwissenschaften und Moral, Naturwissenschaften und Wissenschaftler, und dieNaturwissenschaften an sich. 322 (dreihundertzweiundzwanzig) Studentinnen und 25(fünfundzwanzig) Studenten, die an drei verschiedenen Québecker Universitäten in derAusbildung fur Lehrer an Volksschulen eingeschrieben sind, haben einen Fragebogenbeantwortet. Die Unterschiede unter den Ergebnissen sind bedeutsam, und es werdenSchlussfolgerungen didaktischer Art diskutiert

Modeling the communication-satisfaction relationship in hospital patients

Objectives: Although it has long been known that communication with medical professionals presents a strong relationship with patient satisfaction, research on this topic has been hindered by conceptual and methodological issues (e.g. single-item measures, inclusion of idiosyncratic patient characteristics, etc.). Using a more comprehensive and integrated approach, this study had two objectives: to document the multidimensional structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15, and to test a patient communication/satisfaction model that organizes its dimensions in a conceptually logical array of relationships. First, the factorial structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15 was hypothesized to comprise five dimensions: communication with patient, with family, addressing fears/concerns, preparation for discharge, and patient satisfaction. Second, the hypothesized model included positive relationships between all four communications dimensions, on the one hand, and patient satisfaction, on the other. Within communication dimensions, communication with patient was hypothesized to be the incipient factor for other dimensions, and thus to be positively associated with the other three forms of communication. Methods: This research is based on a single time point design, which relied on administrative and questionnaire data. The study was conducted at a large University Hospital in Switzerland. The sample included 54,686 patients who received inpatient treatment, excluding those who were cared for in the intensive and intermediate care units. Patients filled out, over a 5-year period, the Picker Patient Experience questionnaire (PPE-15) after discharge (overall response rate of 41%). Results: The proposed five-factor structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15 was successfully supported by the results of a confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the hypothesized network of associations between communication and satisfaction latent constructs was substantiated using structural equation modeling. With the exception of the association between preparation for discharge and patient satisfaction, the hypothesized model was fully corroborated. Conclusion: A more in-depth understanding of patient satisfaction can be achieved when it is studied as a multifaceted phenomenon