Pedagogical Conditions for the Formation of Readiness of Students of Non-Linguistic Specialties for Foreign Language Communication in Future Professional Activity

На основе анализа исследований формулируются педагогические условия, необходимые для формирования готовности студентов-будущих инженеров к иноязычному общению в профессиональной деятельности.Based on the research analysis, the pedagogical conditions necessary for the formation of the readiness of students-future engineers for foreign language communication in their professional activities are formulated

Deformation features of the central layers of Fe –3% Si(110)[hkl]alloy by rolling with a roll diameter of 90 mm

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.The article presents the results of studies of the effect of initial crystallographic orientation and deformation modes on rolling texture in the central layer of Fe –3% Si (110)[hkl] single crystals. Several groups of samples of single crystals were rolled under laboratory conditions. The groups of samples were classified according to the final deformation rate, the ideal crystallographic orientation of the rolling plane and deflections of the direction of the ideal orientation plane from the rolling direction. The methodology of the experiment took into account the amount of reduction rate during one rolling. Radiographic method was used to analyze the results of rolling. The obtained data was superimposed on a stereographic projection, and straight pole figures were built. The results of decoding direct pole figures revealed differences in the formation of the texture from the previously obtained results. The research shows the manifestation of the one-component deformation texture in the central layer

DEFORMATION FEATURES OF THE CENTRAL LAYERS OF Fe - 3%Si(110)[hkl] ALLOY BY ROLLING WITH A ROLL DIAMETER OF 90 MM

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of initial crystallographic orientation and deformation modes on rolling texture in the central layer of Fe - 3%Si(110)[hkl] single crystals. Several groups of samples of single crystals were rolled under laboratory conditions. The groups of samples were classified according to the final deformation rate, the ideal crystallographic orientation of the rolling plane and deflections of the direction of the ideal orientation plane from the rolling direction. The methodology of the experiment took into account the amount of reduction rate during one rolling. Radiographic method was used to analyze the results of rolling. The obtained data was superimposed on a stereographic projection, and straight pole figures were built. The results of decoding direct pole figures revealed differences in the formation of the texture from the previously obtained results. The research shows the manifestation of the one-component deformation texture in the central layer

Isolation, identification, and chromatographic separation of N-methyl derivatives of glycoluril

Mono-, di-, and tetramethylglycolurils were synthesized, isolated, and purified. For the first time, the cis- and the trans-isomers of N,N-dimethylglycoluril were isolated as individual substances by semi-preparative HPLC method. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR–HPLC–MS. The EI mass spectra of individual substances were obtained by the GC–MS. Retention and resolution of N-methyl glycolurils were investigated in the reversed-phase HPLC mode for different stationary phases: C18, SB–Aq, and Luna 5u PFP(2). The retention of N-methyl glycolurils depended on the amount of CH3 groups and distance between the CH3 groups in the structure. The stationary phases provided different selectivity for glycoluril and its N-methyl derivatives due to different shape selectivity. Complete separation of the N-methyl derivatives of glycoluril was achieved in 4.5 min on the stationary phase with pentafluorophenyl propyl ligand in a gradient mode

[Studying the structure of a gene pool population of the Russian White chicken breed by genome-wide SNP scan] Изучение структуры генофондной популяции русской белой породы кур методом геномного SNP-сканирования

A population of the Russian White chickens, bred at the gene pool farm of ARRIFAGB for 25 generations using individual selection, is characterized by resistance to a lowered temperature in the early postnatal period and white colour of the embryonic down. In 2002-2012, breeding was carried out by panmixia, and by now a new population of the Russian White chickens has been formed on the basis of the surviving stock. Comparison of the genetic variability of this population and the archival DNA of representatives of the 2001 population using microarray screening technology will help to assess the population structure and the preservation of the unique characteristics of its genome. The material for the study was DNA extracted from 162 chicken blood samples. Two groups of the Russian White breed were studied, the 2001 population and the current population. Genome-wide analysis using single nucleotide markers (SNP) included screening by means of the Illumina Chicken 60K SNP iSelect BeadChip microarray. Quality control of genotyping, determination of the population genetic structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS), calculation of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allele frequency in the groups were carried out using PLINK 1.9 software program. The construction of a cluster delimitation model based on SNP genotypes was carried out using the ADMIXTURE program. According to the MDS analysis results, the current population can be divided into four MDS groups, which, when compared to the data of the pedigree, adequately reflect the origin of the studied individuals. The representatives of the ancestral population were genetically similar to the MDS3 group of the current population. Using the F-statistic of the two-way analysis of variance, a significant effect of the group, chromosome, chromosome in the group, and the distance between SNP markers on LD (r2) values was observed. In the 2001 group, the maximum r2 and the high incidence of LD equal to 1 were observed for all chromosomes, with a distance between SNP markers being 500-1000 Kb. There was also the greatest number of monomorphic alleles in this group. Based on the SNP analysis, we may conclude that the current Russian White chicken population is characterized by the disintegration of long LD regions of the ancestral population. Modelling clusters using the ADMIXTURE program revealed differences between the current population groups determined by MDS analysis. The groups composed of individuals included in MDS1 and MDS2 had a homogeneous structure and differed from each other at K = 4 and K = 5. The MDS4 group formed a genetically heterogeneous cluster different from the MDS1 and MDS2 groups at K of 2-5. The MDS3 group was phylogenetically close to the 2001 population (at K of 2-5). In general, the analysis of the current gene pool population of the Russian White chickens showed its heterogeneity while one of its groups (MDS3) was similar to the ancestral population of 2001, which in turn is characterized by a large number of monomorphic alleles and a high frequency of long LD regions. Thus, SNP scanning allowed evaluating the genetic similarity of individuals and the population structure of the Russian White chicken breed. Understanding the genetic structure is an important point in the panmictic breeding and tracking of historical changes in the molecular organization of the genome of a gene pool population with a limited number of animals. Популяция русских белых кур селекционировалась в генофондном хозяйстве Всероссийского НИИ генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных (ВНИИГРЖ) в течение 25 поколений с использованием индивидуального подбора. Особенности этой породы — устойчивость к пониженной температуре выращивания в ранний постнатальный период и белый цвет эмбрионального пуха. В 2002-2012 годах ее разведение осуществлялось методом панмиксии, и к настоящему времени на основе сохранившегося поголовья сформирована новая популяция русских белых кур. Нашей целью было показать возможности полногеномного SNP-сканирования (single nucleotide polymorphisms) для изучения генетических особенностей структуры популяции малочисленных пород кур отечественного происхождения и динамические изменения молекулярной архитектуры на примере сравнения современной популяции русской белой породы с предковой популяцией 2001 года. Были проанализированы две группы кур: популяция 2001 года (6 гол., неродственные особи из двух линий) и современная популяция (156 гол.). SNP-анализ включал скрининг 162 образцов ДНК с помощью микрочипа Illumina Chicken 60K SNP iSelect BeadChip («Illumina», США). Контроль качества генотипирования, определение генетической структуры популяции методом многомерного шкалирования (multidimensional scaling, MDS), расчет показателей неравновесного сцепления (linkage disequilibrium, LD) и частоты встречаемости аллеей по группам проводили в программе PLINK 1.9. Построение модели разграничения кластеров на основе SNP-генотипов осуществляли с использованием программы ADMIXTURE. По результатам MDS-анализа современная популяция была условно разделена на четыре MDS-группы, что в сравнении с данными родословной адекватно отражает происхождение изученных особей. Представители предковой популяции были генетически сходны с группой MDS3. С применением F-статистики многофакторного дисперсионного анализа выявлено достоверное влияние группы, хромосомы, хромосомы в группе и дистанции между SNP-маркерами на значения LD (r2). В группе 2001 года по всем хромосомам наблюдались максимальные показатели r2 и высокая частота встречаемости LD, равного 1, при расстоянии между SNP-маркерами 500-1000 Кб. Количество мономорфных аллелей в этой группе также было самым высоким. На основании SNP-анализа сделан вывод о том, что современная популяция русских белых кур характеризуется распадом длинных LD-районов предковой популяции. Моделирование кластеров в программе ADMIXTURE выявило различия между группами современной популяции, определенными с помощью MDS-анализа. Группы, сформированные из особей, входящих в MDS1 и MDS2, имели однородную структуру и различались между собой при K = 4 и K = 5. Группа MDS4 образовывала генетически неоднородный кластер, отличающийся от групп MDS1 и MDS2 при значениях K от 2 до 5. Группа MDS3 была филогенетически близка к популяции 2001 года (при K от 2 до 5). Таким образом, анализ современной генофондной популяции русских белых кур показал ее неоднородность и сходство группы MDS3 с предковой популяцией 2001 года, которая, в свою очередь, характеризовалась большим числом мономорфных аллелей и высокой частотой встречаемости длинных LD-районов. SNP-сканирование позволило оценить генетическое сходство особей и популяционную структуру русской белой породы кур. Понимание генетической структуры важно при панмиктическом разведении и отслеживании исторических изменений в молекулярной организации генома генофондной популяции с ограниченным поголовьем

Diversities in the Gut Microbial Patterns in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Certain Heart Failure Phenotypes

To continue progress in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, there is a need to improve the overall understanding of the processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exploring the role of gut microbiota in various heart diseases is a topic of great interest since it is not so easy to find such reliable connections despite the fact that microbiota undoubtedly affect all body systems. The present study was conducted to investigate the composition of gut microbiota in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure syndromes with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), and to compare these results with the microbiota of individuals without those diseases (control group). Fecal microbiota were evaluated by three methods: living organisms were determined using bacterial cultures, total DNA taxonomic composition was estimated by next generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4) and quantitative assessment of several taxa was performed using qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Regarding the bacterial culture method, all disease groups demonstrated a decrease in abundance of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in comparison to the control group. The HFrEF group was characterized by an increased abundance of Streptococcus sanguinus and Streptococcus parasanguinis. NGS analysis was conducted at the family level. No significant differences between patient’s groups were observed in alpha-diversity indices (Shannon, Faith, Pielou, Chao1, Simpson, and Strong) with the exception of the Faith index for the HFrEF and control groups. Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly increased in all three groups; Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae were significantly increased in ASCVD and HFrEF groups. These observations were indirectly confirmed with the culture method: two species of Streptococcus were significantly increased in the HFrEF group and Lactobacillus plantarum was significantly increased in the ASCVD group. The latter observation was also confirmed with qPCR of Lactobacillus sp. Acidaminococcaceae and Odoribacteraceae were significantly decreased in the ASCVD and HFrEF groups. Participants from the HFpEF group showed the least difference compared to the control group in all three study methods. The patterns found expand the knowledge base on possible correlations of gut microbiota with cardiovascular diseases. The similarities and differences in conclusions obtained by the three methods of this study demonstrate the need for a comprehensive approach to the analysis of microbiota