243 research outputs found

    Hydro-political assessment of water governance from the top-down and review of literature on local level institutions and practices in the Volta Basin

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    Water resource management / Governance / River basin development / Water law / Colonialism / Institutions / Social participation / Women / Water use

    Developpement des systemes de production innovants d’association mais/legumineuses dans la zone subhumide du Mali

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    Parmi les 3 piliers de l’intĂ©gration agriculture-Ă©levage (traction animale, fumure organique, cultures fourragĂšres) diffusĂ©s en Afrique de l’Ouest, seules les cultures fourragĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© peu adoptĂ©es. Pourtant, les associations maĂŻs/lĂ©gumineuses ont l’avantage d’amĂ©liorer la production et l’alimentation animale. Elles reprĂ©sentent une alternative dans la gestion des risques et des incertitudes pour les agro-Ă©leveurs, confrontĂ©s aux changements globaux (climatiques, pression fonciĂšre, dĂ©gradation des ressources naturelles). L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer la contribution des associations maĂŻs/lĂ©gumineuses dans l’amĂ©lioration de la production de maĂŻs grain et le bilan fourrager des exploitations agricoles. Le dispositif en blocs dispersĂ©s chez 10 producteurs, a consistĂ© en 3 traitements, T1 (maĂŻs seul), T2 (maĂŻs/ niĂ©bĂ©) et T3 (maĂŻs/mucuna) durant 2 campagnes agricoles. En 2013 - 2014, les rendements de maĂŻs grain ont Ă©tĂ© de 2433 kg/ha et en biomasse 2597 kgMS/ha. Par contre, en 2014 - 2015 les rendements ont Ă©tĂ© de 1932 kg/ha de maĂŻs grain et de 5134 kgMS/ha de biomasse. Les besoins en matiĂšre sĂšche pour 90 jours de supplĂ©mentation ont Ă©tĂ© de 4,62 UBT en 2013 - 2014 et de 9,13 UBT en 2014 - 2015. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent la contribution des associations maĂŻs/lĂ©gumineuses dans l’amĂ©lioration du rendement de maĂŻs grain et de fourrages dans la zone subhumide au Mali.Mots clĂ©s : lĂ©gumineuses, maĂŻs, fourrage, Mal

    Predictive factors of malunion and nonunion at the Aristide le Dantec hospital

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    Background: Malunion and nonunion are late complications that can occur during the fracture healing process. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors for malunion and nonunion Methods: This was a retrospective study over a period of 43 months. Predictive factors were sought from patient, fracture and initial management data Results: We recorded 72 consolidation disorders in 69 patients. malunion accounted for 54.1% and nonunion for 45.9%. The study population was divided as follows: 53 men and 16 women. The average age was 37.8 years. The patients lived in urban areas in 81.2% of cases. Comorbidities were present in 14.5%. The circumstances of fracture occurrence were dominated by traffic accidents, especially for 39 patients. The initial fracture was closed in 91.3%. Long bones were involved in 97.2% of cases, with a diaphyseal location in 52.8%. The fracture was simple in 79.1%, with 84.7% of the fractures being transverse. The tibia was the bone most affected by malunion (53.8%). Nonunion occurred in the humerus, femur and tibia in 27.3% each. Initial treatment was undertaken in 91.3% of patients. Conclusions: Malunion and nonunion are a reality in our daily practice. These consolidation problems occur in young patients who are victims of road traffic accidents. Diaphyseal fractures of long bones with a transverse line have been the most frequently incriminated. conservative treatment and traditional practice have favoured the development of these complications

    Guide methodologique: MĂ©thode communautaire participative d’inventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques d’agriculture Ă©levage-agroforesterie climato-intelligentes

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    Ce guide traite des questions d’identification des interventions prioritaires pour les communautés dans le contexte du changement climatique. Il s’agit d’une approche participative d’inventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques d’agriculture-élevage-agroforesterie et sociales climato-intelligentes. Le guide fournit aux agents de terrain un accompagnement et́ape par et́ape pour travailler avec les acteurs clédans les sites cibles, pour identifier les pratiques prometteuses qui aideraient ces derniers às’adapter aux variabilités climatiques dans leurs activités de production. Le guide a étéproduit dans le cadre d’un projet “Building resilient agro-sylvopastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research” (BRASPAR)” qui est l’un des projets de la Composante 2 financée par le programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les Changements Climatiques, l’Agriculture etla Seć urité Alimentaire (CCAFS). La composante 2 du CCAFS, quitraite des pratiques ettechnologies climato-intelligentes, s’attaque aux défis de comment passer àune agriculture climato-intelligente (ACI) àplus grande échelle pour permettre aux system̀ es agricoles d’et̂re transformeś et reó rienteś pour soutenir la seć uritéalimentaire dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. Pilotépar l’ICRAFWCA/Sahel, le projet BRAS- PAR est mis en Ɠuvre au Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger et Seń eǵ al par un consortium d’institutions nationales de recherche (INERA, SARI, INRAN et ISRA), IUCN et ILRI

    Etude cinĂ©tique de la dĂ©gradation de l’Endosufane en solution

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    Les pesticides sont frĂ©quemment utilisĂ©s en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Leur dĂ©tection dans les eaux de forage tĂ©moigne de leur mauvais usage et d’un grave problĂšme agroenvironnemental. La photolyse directe ou la photocatalyse sont de nouvelles techniques d’oxydation, envisageables pour rĂ©soudre ce problĂšme, avec l’avantage d’utiliser Ă  terme les UV-A solaires. L’ a-endosulfane et le b-endosulfane ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour cette Ă©tude. Leurs dĂ©gradations dans l’eau de forage et dans l’eau dĂ©ionisĂ©e ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement effectuĂ©es dans un rĂ©acteur muni d’une lampe basse pression de 6 watts ou par exposition Ă  la lumiĂšre solaire. La photodĂ©gradation dans l’eau de forage est plus rapide que celle observĂ©e dans l’eau dĂ©ionisĂ©e. On observe cependant une stabilitĂ© relative des isomĂšres d’endosulfane sous irradiation solaire avec des temps de demi-vie de 770 h pour a endosulfane et 407 h pour b endosulfane. L’utilisation du photocatalyseur (Fe3+/H2O2) a accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© la dĂ©gradation de l’endosulfane quelque soit la source d’irradiation. Sous irradiation solaire, les temps de demi-vie passent Ă  56,34 minutes et Ă  41,74 minutes respectivement pour l’a et le b endosulfane

    Methodological guide: Community participatory inventory and prioritization of climate-smart crop-livestock agroforestry technologies / practices

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    This guide addresses the issue of identifying priority interventions for communities in the face of climate change. The manual is about participatory approach of inventorizing and prioritizing climate-smart crop-livestock-agroforestry and social technologies / practices. The guide provides a step by step guidance on how project/extension workers can work with communities and other development stakeholders in the target sites to identify practices that can help local communities to better adapt to climate variability in production. The guide was developed within the framework of a project “Building resilient agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research” (BRAS-PAR)” which is one ofthe flagship 2 projects funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The flagship 2 of CCAFS, which is about climate-smart technologies and practices, addresses the challenge of how to transition to a climate-smart agriculture (CSA) at a large scale for enabling agricultural systems to be transformed and reoriented to support food security under the new realities of climate change. Led by ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, the BRAS-PAR project is being implemented by a consortium of National research institutes in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger and Senegal, IUCN, and ILRI

    Acetabular fractures: epidemiological, lesional, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects

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    Background: Fractures of the acetabulum are serious because they affect a deep, load-bearing joint that is difficult to repair surgically at first. They occur in a context of polytrauma. The aim of our work is to study the epidemiological, lesional, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of acetabulum fractures.Methods: This is a 5-year retrospective study from January 2012 to December 2016 including 45 patients treated for acetabulum fracture.Results: 45 patients including 38 men and 7 women with a mean age of 36 years (extremes 18 and 74). The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by road traffic accidents with 42 cases (93.3%).According to the Judet-Letournel classification, we observed 28 elementary fractures (16 posterior wall fractures, 11 posterior column fractures, 1 anterior column fracture) and 17 complex fractures (7 posterior column and posterior wall fractures, 6 transverse and posterior wall fractures, 3 posterior and anterior column fractures, 1 anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse fracture). The association of a dislocation with an acetabulum fracture was found in 32 cases. Associated lesions (fractures) were observed in 23 patients. One case of associated TCE was noted. Treatment was orthopedic in 18 patients, surgical in 18 patients and functional in 9 patients. According to the Matta criteria we obtained after treatment 46.7% good reduction, 51.1% satisfactory and 2.2% unsatisfactory reduction. According to the Postel-Merle D'Aubigné rating, 16 patients obtained excellent results with overall 93.3% satisfactory results. The complications found were coxarthrosis (15 cases), para-articular ossification (2 cases) and vicious callus (1 case).Conclusions: The treatment of acetabulum fractures depends on the type of fracture, the age and activities of the patients. Orthopedic, surgical as well as functional treatment can give good acetabular reconstructions and functional results

    Enhancement of magnetocaloric effect in the Gd2Al phase by Co alloying

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    To understand the effect of Co doping on the magnetic entropy changes in Gd2 Al phase, a series of Gd2AlCox alloys with 0 ≀ x ≀ 0.6 were synthesized by arc-melting and the crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The magnetic properties were investigated, and the entropychanges were calculated for a magnetic field change of 50 kOe. All the as-cast alloys dopedwith Co exhibited greater magnetic entropy changes than the original binary Gd2 Al phase. The main reasons attributed to this are the increase of ferromagnetic interaction indicated by the disappearance of cusp and sharp drop in magnetization and the reduction of the critical field required to trigger the field-induced transition below 50 K in Gd2 Al phase after Co alloying
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