244 research outputs found
Hydro-political assessment of water governance from the top-down and review of literature on local level institutions and practices in the Volta Basin
Water resource management / Governance / River basin development / Water law / Colonialism / Institutions / Social participation / Women / Water use
Developpement des systemes de production innovants dâassociation mais/legumineuses dans la zone subhumide du Mali
Parmi les 3 piliers de lâintĂ©gration agriculture-Ă©levage (traction animale, fumure organique, cultures fourragĂšres) diffusĂ©s en Afrique de lâOuest, seules les cultures fourragĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© peu adoptĂ©es. Pourtant, les associations maĂŻs/lĂ©gumineuses ont lâavantage dâamĂ©liorer la production et lâalimentation animale. Elles reprĂ©sentent une alternative dans la gestion des risques et des incertitudes pour les agro-Ă©leveurs, confrontĂ©s aux changements globaux (climatiques, pression fonciĂšre, dĂ©gradation des ressources naturelles). Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer la contribution des associations maĂŻs/lĂ©gumineuses dans lâamĂ©lioration de la production de maĂŻs grain et le bilan fourrager des exploitations agricoles. Le dispositif en blocs dispersĂ©s chez 10 producteurs, a consistĂ© en 3 traitements, T1 (maĂŻs seul), T2 (maĂŻs/ niĂ©bĂ©) et T3 (maĂŻs/mucuna) durant 2 campagnes agricoles. En 2013 - 2014, les rendements de maĂŻs grain ont Ă©tĂ© de 2433 kg/ha et en biomasse 2597 kgMS/ha. Par contre, en 2014 - 2015 les rendements ont Ă©tĂ© de 1932 kg/ha de maĂŻs grain et de 5134 kgMS/ha de biomasse. Les besoins en matiĂšre sĂšche pour 90 jours de supplĂ©mentation ont Ă©tĂ© de 4,62 UBT en 2013 - 2014 et de 9,13 UBT en 2014 - 2015. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent la contribution des associations maĂŻs/lĂ©gumineuses dans lâamĂ©lioration du rendement de maĂŻs grain et de fourrages dans la zone subhumide au Mali.Mots clĂ©s : lĂ©gumineuses, maĂŻs, fourrage, Mal
Predictive factors of malunion and nonunion at the Aristide le Dantec hospital
Background: Malunion and nonunion are late complications that can occur during the fracture healing process. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors for malunion and nonunion
Methods: This was a retrospective study over a period of 43 months. Predictive factors were sought from patient, fracture and initial management data
Results: We recorded 72 consolidation disorders in 69 patients. malunion accounted for 54.1% and nonunion for 45.9%. The study population was divided as follows: 53 men and 16 women. The average age was 37.8 years. The patients lived in urban areas in 81.2% of cases. Comorbidities were present in 14.5%. The circumstances of fracture occurrence were dominated by traffic accidents, especially for 39 patients. The initial fracture was closed in 91.3%. Long bones were involved in 97.2% of cases, with a diaphyseal location in 52.8%. The fracture was simple in 79.1%, with 84.7% of the fractures being transverse. The tibia was the bone most affected by malunion (53.8%). Nonunion occurred in the humerus, femur and tibia in 27.3% each. Initial treatment was undertaken in 91.3% of patients.
Conclusions: Malunion and nonunion are a reality in our daily practice. These consolidation problems occur in young patients who are victims of road traffic accidents. Diaphyseal fractures of long bones with a transverse line have been the most frequently incriminated. conservative treatment and traditional practice have favoured the development of these complications
Guide methodologique: MĂ©thode communautaire participative dâinventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques dâagriculture Ă©levage-agroforesterie climato-intelligentes
Ce guide traite des questions dâidentification des interventions prioritaires pour
les communauteÌs dans le contexte du changement climatique. Il sâagit dâune approche
participative dâinventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques
dâagriculture-eÌlevage-agroforesterie et sociales climato-intelligentes. Le guide
fournit aux agents de terrain un accompagnement etÌape par etÌape pour travailler
avec les acteurs cleÌdans les sites cibles, pour identifier les pratiques prometteuses
qui aideraient ces derniers aÌsâadapter aux variabiliteÌs climatiques dans
leurs activiteÌs de production.
Le guide a eÌteÌproduit dans le cadre dâun projet âBuilding resilient agro-sylvopastoral
systems in West Africa through participatory action researchâ (BRASPAR)â
qui est lâun des projets de la Composante 2 financeÌe par le programme de
recherche du CGIAR sur les Changements Climatiques, lâAgriculture etla SecÌ uriteÌ
Alimentaire (CCAFS). La composante 2 du CCAFS, quitraite des pratiques ettechnologies
climato-intelligentes, sâattaque aux deÌfis de comment passer aÌune
agriculture climato-intelligente (ACI) aÌplus grande eÌchelle pour permettre aux
systemÌ es agricoles dâetÌre transformesÌ et reoÌ rientesÌ pour soutenir la secÌ uriteÌalimentaire
dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. PiloteÌpar lâICRAFWCA/Sahel,
le projet BRAS- PAR est mis en Ćuvre au Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger
et SenÌ egÌ al par un consortium dâinstitutions nationales de recherche (INERA, SARI,
INRAN et ISRA), IUCN et ILRI
Etude cinĂ©tique de la dĂ©gradation de lâEndosufane en solution
Les pesticides sont frĂ©quemment utilisĂ©s en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Leur dĂ©tection dans les eaux de forage tĂ©moigne de leur mauvais usage et dâun grave problĂšme agroenvironnemental. La photolyse directe ou la photocatalyse sont de nouvelles techniques dâoxydation, envisageables pour rĂ©soudre ce problĂšme, avec lâavantage dâutiliser Ă terme les UV-A solaires. Lâ a-endosulfane et le b-endosulfane ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour cette Ă©tude. Leurs dĂ©gradations dans lâeau de forage et dans lâeau dĂ©ionisĂ©e ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement effectuĂ©es dans un rĂ©acteur muni dâune lampe basse pression de 6 watts ou par exposition Ă la lumiĂšre solaire. La photodĂ©gradation dans lâeau de forage est plus rapide que celle observĂ©e dans lâeau dĂ©ionisĂ©e. On observe cependant une stabilitĂ© relative des isomĂšres dâendosulfane sous irradiation solaire avec des temps de demi-vie de 770 h pour a endosulfane et 407 h pour b endosulfane. Lâutilisation du photocatalyseur (Fe3+/H2O2) a accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© la dĂ©gradation de lâendosulfane quelque soit la source dâirradiation. Sous irradiation solaire, les temps de demi-vie passent Ă 56,34 minutes et Ă 41,74 minutes respectivement pour lâa et le b endosulfane
Methodological guide: Community participatory inventory and prioritization of climate-smart crop-livestock agroforestry technologies / practices
This guide addresses the issue of identifying priority interventions for communities
in the face of climate change. The manual is about participatory approach
of inventorizing and prioritizing climate-smart crop-livestock-agroforestry and
social technologies / practices. The guide provides a step by step guidance on
how project/extension workers can work with communities and other development
stakeholders in the target sites to identify practices that can help local
communities to better adapt to climate variability in production.
The guide was developed within the framework of a project âBuilding resilient
agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action researchâ
(BRAS-PAR)â which is one ofthe flagship 2 projects funded by the CGIAR
Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
The flagship 2 of CCAFS, which is about climate-smart technologies and practices,
addresses the challenge of how to transition to a climate-smart agriculture
(CSA) at a large scale for enabling agricultural systems to be transformed and
reoriented to support food security under the new realities of climate change.
Led by ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, the BRAS-PAR project is being implemented by a
consortium of National research institutes in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger and
Senegal, IUCN, and ILRI
Acetabular fractures: epidemiological, lesional, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects
Background: Fractures of the acetabulum are serious because they affect a deep, load-bearing joint that is difficult to repair surgically at first. They occur in a context of polytrauma. The aim of our work is to study the epidemiological, lesional, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of acetabulum fractures.Methods: This is a 5-year retrospective study from January 2012 to December 2016 including 45 patients treated for acetabulum fracture.Results: 45 patients including 38 men and 7 women with a mean age of 36 years (extremes 18 and 74). The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by road traffic accidents with 42 cases (93.3%).According to the Judet-Letournel classification, we observed 28 elementary fractures (16 posterior wall fractures, 11 posterior column fractures, 1 anterior column fracture) and 17 complex fractures (7 posterior column and posterior wall fractures, 6 transverse and posterior wall fractures, 3 posterior and anterior column fractures, 1 anterior column and posterior hemi-transverse fracture). The association of a dislocation with an acetabulum fracture was found in 32 cases. Associated lesions (fractures) were observed in 23 patients. One case of associated TCE was noted. Treatment was orthopedic in 18 patients, surgical in 18 patients and functional in 9 patients. According to the Matta criteria we obtained after treatment 46.7% good reduction, 51.1% satisfactory and 2.2% unsatisfactory reduction. According to the Postel-Merle D'Aubigné rating, 16 patients obtained excellent results with overall 93.3% satisfactory results. The complications found were coxarthrosis (15 cases), para-articular ossification (2 cases) and vicious callus (1 case).Conclusions: The treatment of acetabulum fractures depends on the type of fracture, the age and activities of the patients. Orthopedic, surgical as well as functional treatment can give good acetabular reconstructions and functional results
Enhancement of magnetocaloric effect in the Gd2Al phase by Co alloying
To understand the effect of Co doping on the magnetic entropy changes in Gd2 Al phase, a series of Gd2AlCox alloys with 0ââ€âxââ€â0.6 were synthesized by arc-melting and the crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The magnetic properties were investigated, and the entropychanges were calculated for a magnetic field change of 50 kOe. All the as-cast alloys dopedwith Co exhibited greater magnetic entropy changes than the original binary Gd2 Al phase. The main reasons attributed to this are the increase of ferromagnetic interaction indicated by the disappearance of cusp and sharp drop in magnetization and the reduction of the critical field required to trigger the field-induced transition below 50âK in Gd2 Al phase after Co alloying
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