176 research outputs found

    Computing automorphic forms on Shimura curves over fields with arbitrary class number

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    We extend methods of Greenberg and the author to compute in the cohomology of a Shimura curve defined over a totally real field with arbitrary class number. Via the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence, we thereby compute systems of Hecke eigenvalues associated to Hilbert modular forms of arbitrary level over a totally real field of odd degree. We conclude with two examples which illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.Comment: 15 pages; final submission to ANTS I

    Issue des accouchements sur utérus cicatriciel dans un hÎpital universitaire au Burkina

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    Certains auteurs ont tendance Ă  privilĂ©gier la cĂ©sarienne comme mĂ©thode de prise en charge d’une parturiente porteuse d’un utĂ©rus cicatriciel.D’autres auteurs prĂ©conisent un accouchement par voie basse quand des paramĂštres cliniques prĂ©cis sont observĂ©s. Le but de cette Ă©tude estd’analyser la prise en charge et l’issue des accouchements sur utĂ©rus cicatriciel au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso et de la comparer aux diffĂ©rentes approches recommandĂ©es. Nous avons menĂ©s une Ă©tude transversale dans le DĂ©partement de GynĂ©cologie d’ObstĂ©trique et de MĂ©decine de la Reproduction du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sanou Souro de Bobo Dioulasso du 1er aoĂ»t 2006 au 1er aoĂ»t 2007 et a concernĂ© 252 parturientes ayant un utĂ©rus cicatriciel parmi 4256 accouchements dĂ©roulĂ©s pendant la mĂȘme pĂ©riode. Les accouchements sur utĂ©rus cicatriciels ont reprĂ©sentĂ© 5,92 % de l’ensemble des accouchements dans notre dĂ©partement. La moyenne d'Ăąge des patientes Ă©tait de 26,2 ans et la paritĂ© moyenne de 4,3. Une cĂ©sarienne d’emblĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© pratiquĂ©e chez 44% des parturientes ayant un utĂ©rus cicatriciel et 56 % parmi elles ont fait l'objet d'une Ă©preuve utĂ©rine. Sur l’ensemble des Ă©preuves utĂ©rines, 61% des parturientes ont accouchĂ© par voie basse. La mortalitĂ© maternelle Ă©tait nulle et La mortalitĂ© pĂ©rinatale Ă©tait relativement importante. Les conditions d’acceptabilitĂ© de la voie basse ont Ă©tĂ© les mĂȘmes chez toutes les patientes et un check liste a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ© pour une meilleure prise en charge. L'Ă©preuve utĂ©rine en salle d’accouchement doit ĂȘtre la rĂšgle Ă  chaque fois que cela est possible chez une parturiente porteuse d’utĂ©rus cicatriciel. L’établissement d’un check liste pour accouchement par voie basse sur utĂ©rus cicatriciel facilite les prises de dĂ©cision.Key words: UtĂ©rus cicatriciels, Ă©preuve utĂ©rine, accouchement par voie basse, check-lis

    Future shifting of annual extreme flows under climate change in the Volta River basin

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    Global warming is projected to result in changes in streamflow in West Africa with implications for frequent droughts and floods. This study investigates projected shifting in the timing, seasonality and magnitude of mean annual minimum (MAM) and annual maximum flows (AMF) in the Volta River basin (VRB) under climate change, using the method of circular statistics. River flow is simulated with the mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM), forced with bias-corrected climate projection datasets consisting of 43 regional and global climate model combinations under three representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Projected changes indicate that AMF increases between +1 % and +80 % across sub-basins, particularly in the near future (2021–2050), whereas MAM decreases between −19 % and −7 %, mainly from the late century (2071–2100), depending on RCPs. The date of occurrence of AMF is projected to change between −4 and +3 d, while MAM could shift between −4 and +14 d depending on scenarios over the 21st century. Annual high flows denote a strong seasonality with negligible future changes, whereas the seasonality of low flows has a higher variation, with a slight drop in the future.</p

    Quantifying Sahel runoff sensitivity to climate variability, soil moisture and vegetation changes using analytical methods

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    Whilst substantial efforts have been deployed to understand the “Sahel hydrological paradox”, most of the studies focused on small experimental watersheds around the central and western Sahel. To our knowledge, there is no study on this issue covering all the watersheds located within the Sahelian belt. The absence of relevant studies may be attributed to a sparsity of in situ data leading to a dearth of knowledge on the Sahel hydrology. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study leverages analytical methods and freely available geospatial datasets to understand the effects of climatic factors, soil moisture and vegetation cover changes on surface runoff in 45 watersheds located within the Sahelian belt over two decades (2000–2021). Analyses show increasing trends in annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in more than 80% of the watersheds. Surface runoff, soil moisture (SM), and vegetation cover measured using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) also show increasing trends in all the watersheds. Multivariable linear regression (MLR) analyses reveal that precipitation, PET, SM, and NDVI contribute about 62% of surface runoff variance. Further analyses using MLR, and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) show that precipitation and NDVI are the main factors influencing surface runoff in the Sahel. Elasticity coefficients reveal that a 10% increase in precipitation, SM and NDVI may lead to about 22%, 26% and 45% increase in surface runoff respectively. In contrast, a 10% increase in PET may lead to a 61% decline in surface runoff in the Sahel. This is the first hydrological study covering all the watersheds located within the Sahelian belt with results showing that surface runoff is influenced by climate, SM and NDVI to varying degrees. Given the unique hydrological characteristics of the Sahel, a better understanding of the different factors influencing surface runoff may be crucial for enhancing climate adaptation and ecological restoration efforts in the region such as the Great Green Wall Initiative

    Savoir traditionnel sur les plantes antipaludiques à propriétés analgésiques, utilisées dans le district de Bamako (Mali)

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    Objectif : Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de recenser les plantes utilisĂ©es dans la prise en charge traditionnelle de la douleur palustre.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Les enquĂȘtes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es de fĂ©vrier Ă  mars 2011 dans le district de Bamako et le cercle de Kati. Les informations ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es par une nouvelle mĂ©thode d’enquĂȘte ethnobotanique dĂ©nommĂ©e «Achat en Triplet de Recettes MĂ©dicinales (ATRM)» couplĂ©e Ă  l’interview semi-structurĂ©e auprĂšs de vingt quatre tradipraticiens de santĂ© (herboristes et tradipraticiens de santĂ© composĂ©s de dix sept femmes (70,8%) et sept hommes (29,2%). Au total 54 espĂšces mĂ©dicinales appartenant Ă  52 genres de 21 familles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Les Fabaceae (ex-Caesalpiniaceae), les Rubiaceae, les Combretaceae et les Asteraceae sont les familles les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es. Onze espĂšces ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es par les deux mĂ©thodes Ă  la fois. Mitragyna inermis et Anogeissus leiocarpus Ă©taient les plus citĂ©es. Les recettes de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude sont principalement prĂ©parĂ©es par dĂ©coction (92,8%) et majoritairement administrĂ©es par voie orale (52,6%). Les espĂšces recensĂ©es provenaient principalement des savanes, foret, champs de culture et de jachĂšre. Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze, Afrormosia laxiflora (Benth. ex Bak.) Harms, Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth, Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. &amp; Diels, Cassytha filiformis Linn., Tamarindus indica Linn., sont vĂ©ritablement menacĂ©es dans leur biotope Ă  cause de leur surexploitation en mĂ©decine traditionnelle et mĂ©ritent d’ĂȘtre sauvegardĂ©es pour leur conservation aux gĂ©nĂ©rations futures.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats : La prĂ©sente Ă©tude montre que les herboristes et tradipraticiens de santĂ© de Bamako connaissent des plantes analgĂ©siques utilisĂ©es dans la prise en charge traditionnelle du paludisme. Cette Ă©tude a aussi montrĂ© que certaines espĂšces sont menacĂ©es. Des investigations ultĂ©rieures sont nĂ©cessaires pour sĂ©lectionner certaines espĂšces identifiĂ©es puis vĂ©rifier in vivo leurs activitĂ©s analgĂ©siques.Mots clĂ©s : Ethnobotanique, plantes antipaludiques, propriĂ©tĂ©s analgĂ©siques, nouvelle mĂ©thode, Mali

    Observatoires de la gratuité des soins au Mali : émergence, processus et résultats préliminaires

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    Due to copyright restrictions, this item cannot be sharedLe Mali s’est engagĂ©, depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000, dans plusieurs nouvelles politiques d’exemption du paiement des soins (dites de gratuitĂ©). Pour mieux comprendre ces politiques, le ministĂšre de la santĂ© a mis en place des observatoires de la gratuitĂ© des soins. Cette note d’information prĂ©sente ce projet et livre quelques rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires

    The association between child Schistosoma spp. infections and morbidity in an irrigated rice region in Mali: a localized study

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    Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases endemic to Mali. There has been insufficient investigation of the morbidity burden in highly endemic irrigated rice areas with the ongoing mass drug administration with praziquantel. In February 2005, a year after an initial mass drug administration in 2004, we performed the first cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis in the Kokry-Bozo village in the Office du Niger rice irrigation region. In the fourteen years since this survey, there has been almost no research into schistosomiasis morbidity in Mali due to lack of funding. Therefore, the 2005 survey supplies near-baseline data for any future research into the treatment impacts in the area

    Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Burkina Faso

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    Because data from countries in Africa are limited, we measured the proportion of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases among TB patients in Burkina Faso for whom retreatment was failing. Of 34 patients with multidrug-resistant TB, 2 had an XDR TB strain. Second-line TB drugs should be strictly controlled to prevent further XDR TB increase

    Financial Bubbles : New Evidence from South Africa’s Stock Market

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    We provide new empirical evidence of bubbles timing in the stock market of South Africa. We apply the generalized sup ADF (GSADF) unit root test of Phillips et al. (2015) to monthly share prices from January 1960 to July 2019, to detect explosive behaviors. Results indicate that, overall, South Africa’s stock market has been exuberant during the period 1960-2019. We find strong evidence of three bubble episodes during the periods of April 1968 to July 1969, December 1979 to November 1980 and April 2006 to May 2008 in the stock market of South Africa. The last two bubbles correspond to the 1979 international oil crisis and the 2008 financial crisis suggesting that the south african stock market is still vulnerable to exogenous shocks
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