PENGARUH METODE PROSES SINTESIS ANALOG KURKUMIN ASIMETRIS TERHADAP EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTIF MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)

Effect of Synthesis Process Method of Asymmetric Curcumin Analog on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Mice (Mus musculus L.) Asymmetric curcumin analogs (ACA) can be synthesized from cullilawan oil. ACA products can be synthesized using conventional methods and microwaves. Synthesis methods can affect physical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the process method on the hepatoprotective ability of ACA and to determine the effective dose. ACA products were tested in vivo in mice (Mus musculus L.) with CCl4-induced liver damage. The parameters observed were biochemical liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and histological analysis. The results showed that animals treated with ACA-k products had better weight gain, lower AST and ALT levels, and fewer histological signs of liver damage at higher ACA doses than those observed in animals that were untreated or treated with ACA-m products. Thus, asymmetric curcumin analog products that were processed by conventional method were more hepatoprotective. Keywords: ACA, culilawan oil, hepatoprotection, in vivo, product diversification ABSTRAK Analog kurkumin asimetris (AKAS) dapat disintesis dari minyak kulit lawang. Produk AKAS dapat disintesis menggunakan metode konvensional dan microwave. Metode sintesis dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik dan efek farmakologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode proses pada kemampuan hepatoprotektif AKAS dan untuk menentukan dosis efektif. Produk AKAS diuji in vivo pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) dengan kerusakan hati yang diinduksi CCl­4. Parameter yang diamati adalah biokimia enzim hati (AST dan ALT) dan analisis histologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hewan yang diobati dengan produk AKAS-k memiliki kenaikan berat badan yang lebih baik, tingkat AST dan ALT yang lebih rendah, dan lebih sedikit tanda histologis kerusakan hati pada dosis AKAS yang lebih tinggi daripada yang terlihat pada hewan yang tidak diperlakukan atau diobati dengan produk AKAS-m. Dengan demikian, produk analog kurkumin asimetris yang diproses dengan metode konvensional lebih hepatoprotektif

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Test of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) Leaves Ethanol Extract

Binahong Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis leaves contain chemical compounds that can be used as antioxidants. This study aims to examine the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of binahong leaves. Binahong leaves were extracted using the maceration method with an ethanol solvent. The phytochemical test showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins to have potential antioxidants. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method and absorbance measurement with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves had strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by the IC50 value of 87.423 µg/mL

Chemical Composition Oil and Ethanol Extract of Nutmeg Leaf and Antibacterial Test Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This study aims to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil and ethanol extract of nutmeg leaves and determine its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Nutmeg leaf oil was obtained by isolation using steam-water distillation and extraction methods using maceration with ethanol as solvent. The moisture content of nutmeg leaves is 11.11%. From the distillation method, 0.26% nutmeg oil was obtained, while the yield of nutmeg oil was 29.01% from the extraction method. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer analysis showed that distilled nutmeg oil contains 20 components with the main composition, namely myristicin (15.92%), b-phellandrene (14.35%), limonene (11.20%), b-pinene (10.81%), and a-pinene (8.59%). The ethanol extract of nutmeg leaf contains 37 components with the main composition being myristicin (7.64%), 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethylheptasiloxane (7.14%), 2,2-dimethyl-1-decanol (7.12%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5.55%), and 9-dodecane-1-al (4.63%). The antibacterial activity test of nutmeg oil was carried out using the good diffusion method. The inhibitory power of nutmeg oil and ethanol extract of nutmeg leaves against S. aureus bacteria were 20.31 mm and 23.56 mm, while against P. aeruginosa bacteria were 11.79 mm and 8.86 mm, respectively

Analisis Minyak Atsiri dari Bunga dan Gagang Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Asal Pulau Saparua Maluku

Maluku merupakan salah satu Provinsi yang memiliki sebaran tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri di semua wilayahnya. Satu jenis tanaman minyak atsiri (cengkeh) yang terdapat di Pulau Saparua yaitu Syzygium  aromaticum  L. Kualitas minyak cengkeh di daerah tersebut untuk minyak dari bunga cengkeh dan gagang cengkeh perlu untuk di analisis karena terdapat perbedaan komposisi kimia pada setiap wilayah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis minyak atsiri dari bunga dan gagang cengkeh asal pulau Saparua Maluku. Penelitian menggunakan metode destilasi uap air untuk mengisolasi minyak atsiri, parameter yang dilihat yaitu rendemen minyak dan komposisi kimia minyak menggunakan GCMS. Hasil isolasi minyak menunjukkan bahwa persentase rendemen minyak atsiri tertinggi pada bunga cengkeh yaitu Desa Booi (13,41%), sedangkan persentase rendemen minyak atsiri tertinggi pada gagang cengkeh yaitu Desa Paperu sebesar (3,27%).  Analisis komponen  minyak  cengkeh  menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga komponen utama yaitu pada minyak bunga cengkeh mengandung eugenol (46,69%–64,91%), eugenil asetat (21,66%–34,67%), dan trans- kariofilen (11,11%–19,06%), sedangkan pada minyak gagang cengkeh terkandung eugenol (74,59%–91,34%), trans-kariofilen (3,64%–13,13%), dan eugenil asetat (2,93%–6,65%)

Synthesis of Asymmetric Curcumin Analogues from CullilawanOil using Conventional and Microwave Method

AbstractAsymmetric curcumin analogues as potential anticancer compounds. The purpose of this study was to synthesize product 5-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one uses the method conventional and microwaves. Product 5-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one can be synthesized from the cullilawan oils with several stages, among others; isolation safrole, isomerization, oxidation and condensation reactions. Isolation of safrole from cullilawanoils performed using NaOH solution and purified using distillation fractionation pressure reduction produces 19.30% safrole are tested for purity by GCMS and for the identification of the structure is done by using FTIR and 1H-NMR. The safrole isomerization performed using KOH without solvent at a temperature of 120oC for 8hours resulted isosafrole (91.53%) which consists of cis-isosafrol and trans-isosafrol. Oxidation isosafrole performed using KMnO4 in acidic conditions using a phase transfer catalyst tween 80 at a temperature of < 30oC and separation by silica gel resulted in 65.63% piperonal were tested with the GCMS and identification using FTIR and 1H-NMR. Products asymmetrical curcumin analogous made in the condition alkaline by conventional methods for three hours produce 99.55%, a method of microwaves in 140 watts for two minutes produce 82.82%

Modification of Synthesis Process of Lawang\u27s Bark (Cinnamomum Cullilawan Blume) as a Cancer Drug Precursor

Piperonal as a precursor of cancer drug (Curcumin analogues) can be synthesized from extract of lawang\u27s bark (Cinnamomum culilawan Blume) with multiple stages, among others: isolation of essential oils, isolation safrole, safrole isomerization, and synthesis of piperonal. Essential oils were isolated from the bark of lawang (the water content of 46.2%) using a water distillation system with 1/3 volume of high boiler for five hours. Isolation of safrole from lawang bark oils was performed using NaOH solution and purified using reduced pressure distillation system at a temperature of 90-123°C / 1 mmHg. The safrole isomerization was undergone using alkali catalyst (KOH) without solvent at a temperature of 120°C for 8 hours. Oxidation of isosafrol was performed using KMnO4 in acidic conditions using a KTF tween 80 at a temperature below 30°C, and purified using silica gel. Results of isolation yield 0.94% with 14 components were determined through GC-MS, including 67.35% eugenol, safrole 13.96%, 12.61% methyl eugenol, 4-terpineol sineol 1.79% and 1.55%. The isolated safrole yield of 17.21% with purity testing and identification using FTIR, 1H- NMR and GCMS confirmed the product was safrole. The isomerization obtained yield of 77.56% with GC analysis indicated compounds of cis-isosafrole and trans-isosafrole. The results of oxidation obtained yield of 65.63% with a purity of 100% by GCMS and the 1H-NMR indicated the product is piperonal

The Preventive Effect of Curcumin Analogs (AKS-k) From Cullilawan Oil as Hepatoprotector in Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Induced By CCl4

Curcumin analogue from cullilawan oil using safrole as a precursor have the potential to cure liver function. The synthesis process method has an effect on its pharmacological effect. The effectiveness of this synthetic product as a deterrent to liver disease needs to be studied, so the aim of this study was to determine the preventive effect of curcumin analog from cullilawan oil as hepatoprotectors in rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced by CCl4. The method used is in vivo method using rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) and as a comparison material using turmeric extract (curcumin) and heap-q products. The results showed that AKS-k products had a preventive effect on liver function in male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced by CCl4 with an effective dosition of 52 mg / 200g bb

Stability of Red Snapper (Lutjanus Sp.) Vitamin a Content as an Effect of Traditional Cooking Method of Asam Pedas

Red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) is significant for food-based strategy to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A content can be affected by cooking method. The study aimed to estimate vitamin A content of Red snapper which cooked by traditional cooking method of asam pedas (sour and hot). Scales, pectoral and ventral fins, gills, digestive tracts, and internal organs, except livers and gonads were discarded directly after fish were purchased from local market. Previously, fish were dipped in lemonade and salted water; then boiled in water with asam pedas spices. Fresh fish and asam pedas fish samples were extracted in two-replications, then were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the wave length of 450 nm. Results shows that β-carotene content (average ± standard error) of fresh and asam pedas fish respectively was 3.30 ± 1.50;  0.41 ± 0.31; and retinol was 3.78 ± 0.14; 3.13 ± 0.01 μg/g. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between fresh and asam pedas fish of those two-carotenoids.  Retinol activity equivalent (RAE)  of fresh and asam pedas fish was 4.05 and 3.16 μg/g wet weight respectively. The conclusion is asam pedas cooking method does not impair vitamin A content of Red snapper. It suggests that carotenoids of asam pedas spices contribute to sustain β-carotene and retinol contents during cooking