26 research outputs found
Datation histologique des lésions hémorragiques intracrùniennes dans le cadre des traumatismes crùniens de l'enfant
Introduction: In the context of lethal non-accidental head injuries, the expert pathologist is asked to date the mechanisms that led to the lesions in relation to death while relying on data from the literature. These data have been established on cohorts of adults.The main objective of our study was to propose a child-specific intracranial haemorrhage dating scheme in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the anatomopathological forensic expertise in the context of the TCNA. The secondary objectives of this study were an inventory of samples taken in the context of a paediatric forensic autopsy, and to collect descriptive data on intracranial haemorrhages resulting in death in a French paediatric population.Material and method: The sample came from a retrospective, multicenter collection of 235 deceased children aged between 0 and 36 months who had forensic pathology expertise. Only infants in whom at least one intracranial haemorrhage was diagnosed at autopsy and on pathological examination, and for whom the schedule for the trauma or bleeding event was known or consistent with the forensic data, been included. The histomorphological study was performed by two anatomopathologists blinded to the survey data.Main results: 83 patients were included in the study (35 girls, 48 boys) with a median age of 3.79 months. Our work allowed to develop histopathological dating patterns of intracranial haemorrhages (HSD, HSA and HR) and intracerebral lesions in children under 3 years old. The role of the expert remains essential to qualify the multiplicity of episodes, although the dating of these different episodes is very difficult. It also made it possible to take stock of intracranial haemorrhages in paediatrics and in particular in the framework of the TCNA.Discussion: In the vast majority of cases the expert, rather than approaching a precise dating, especially when the samples are insufficient, can only:- confirm or refute if the alleged dates (survey data) are consistent with the pathological (macroscopic and microscopic);- to propose a time interval during which the violence could have taken place.Our study has emphasized the importance of coding systematic sampling in the context of paediatric intracranial haemorrhage. For this reason, we have established a defined protocol for the samples to be taken for the pathological examination and the necessary information to be included in the autopsy report.Conclusion and perspectives: Our dating schemes should therefore be used for forensic pathological forensic expertise in the context of the TCNA in children.Introduction : Dans le contexte des traumatismes crĂąniens non-accidentels lĂ©taux, il est demandĂ© de plus en plus frĂ©quemment Ă lâexpert anatomopathologiste de dater les Ă©vĂšnements ayant conduit aux lĂ©sions par rapport au dĂ©cĂšs tout en sâappuyant sur les donnĂ©es issues de la littĂ©rature. Or, ces donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablies sur des cohortes dâadultes. Lâobjectif principal de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de proposer un schĂ©ma de datation des hĂ©morragies intracrĂąniennes propre Ă lâenfant afin dâamĂ©liorer la prĂ©cision et la fiabilitĂ© de lâexpertise mĂ©dico-lĂ©gale anatomopathologique dans le cadre des traumatismes cranio-encĂ©phalique non accidentels. Les objectifs secondaires de cette Ă©tude Ă©taient de faire un Ă©tat des lieux des prĂ©lĂšvements rĂ©alisĂ©s dans le contexte dâune autopsie mĂ©dico-lĂ©gale pĂ©diatrique, et de relever des donnĂ©es descriptives sur les hĂ©morragies intracrĂąniennes ayant entraĂźnĂ© la mort sur une population pĂ©diatrique française.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode : lâĂ©chantillon provenait dâun recueil rĂ©trospectif, multicentrique, de 235 enfants dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s ĂągĂ©s de 0 et 36 mois et ayant eu une expertise anatomopathologique mĂ©dico-lĂ©gale. Seuls les nourrissons chez lesquels au moins une hĂ©morragie intracrĂąnienne a Ă©tĂ© diagnostiquĂ©e lors de lâautopsie et lors de lâexamen anatomopathologique et pour lesquels lâhoraire du traumatisme ou de lâĂ©vĂ©nement hĂ©morragique Ă©tait connu ou cohĂ©rent avec les donnĂ©es mĂ©dico-judiciaires ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. LâĂ©tude histomorphologique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par deux anatomopathologistes en aveugle sur les donnĂ©es de lâenquĂȘte.RĂ©sultats principaux : 83 patients ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans lâĂ©tude (35 filles, 48 garçons) avec un Ăąge mĂ©dian de 3.8 mois. Notre travail a permis de dĂ©velopper des schĂ©mas de datation histopathologique des hĂ©morragies intracrĂąniennes (HSD, HSA et HR) et des lĂ©sions intracĂ©rĂ©brales chez lâenfant de moins de 3 ans. Le rĂŽle de lâexpert reste indispensable pour qualifier la multiplicitĂ© des Ă©pisodes, bien que la datation de ces diffĂ©rents Ă©pisodes soit trĂšs difficile. Il a Ă©galement permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les hĂ©morragies intracrĂąniennes en pĂ©diatrie et en particulier dans le cadre des TCNA.Discussion : dans une trĂšs grande majoritĂ© des cas, lâexpert, plutĂŽt que dâapprocher une datation prĂ©cise, en particulier lorsque les prĂ©lĂšvements sont insuffisants, ne pourra que :- confirmer ou infirmer si les dates allĂ©guĂ©es (donnĂ©es de lâenquĂȘte) sont compatibles avec lâaspect anatomopathologique (macroscopique et microscopique) ;- proposer un intervalle de temps au cours duquel auraient pu sâeffectuer les violences.Notre Ă©tude a soulignĂ© lâimportance de codifier les prĂ©lĂšvements Ă rĂ©aliser de façon systĂ©matique dans les contextes dâhĂ©morragie intracrĂąnienne en pĂ©diatrie. Câest pour cela que nous avons Ă©tabli un protocole sur les prĂ©lĂšvements Ă rĂ©aliser pour lâexamen anatomopathologique et sur les informations devant impĂ©rativement figurer dans le rapport dâautopsie.Conclusions : nos schĂ©mas de datation devraient donc ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s pour lâexpertise mĂ©dico-lĂ©gale anatomopathologique dans le cadre des TCNA chez lâenfant
Estimation de lâĂąge du fĆtus et du nourrisson par la biomĂ©trie osseuse de la pars basilaris : comparaison et rĂ©vision de mĂ©thodes existantes
International audienc
Point de vue : une leçon tirĂ©e du confinement, lâhistopathologie en visioconfĂ©rence
International audienceThe use of videoconferencing had increased significantly during lockdown. During this period, videoconferencing has been used in the pathological department of pathology (Timone university hospital, Marseille, France) for academic, diagnosis and referral. We provide our point of view regarding the use of this tool. As discussing slides through videoconferencing is a new and specific activity, we have also summarised specific recommendations for practical remote histopathology meetings.Le confinement et la distanciation sociale ont gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ© lâusage de la visioconfĂ©rence, tant dans la sphĂšre privĂ©e que professionnelle. Ainsi, lâutilisation de la visioconfĂ©rence a considĂ©rablement augmentĂ© durant la pĂ©riode du confinement et cette technologie a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e dans le service dâanatomie pathologique du centre hospitalo-universitaire Timone, Ă Marseille, Ă visĂ©e universitaire, hospitaliĂšre et de recours. Nous apportons notre point de vue concernant lâutilisation de cet outil informatique. La discussion de lames par visioconfĂ©rence est un exercice nouveau et particulier ; plusieurs recommandations sont Ă©mises pour un bon dĂ©roulement de ces rĂ©unions dâhistopathologie Ă distance
Cyclosporin A: A Repurposable Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19?
International audienceCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now at the forefront of major health challenge faced globally, creating an urgent need for safe and efficient therapeutic strategies. Given the high attrition rates, high costs, and quite slow development of drug discovery, repurposing of known FDA-approved molecules is increasingly becoming an attractive issue in order to quickly find molecules capable of preventing and/or curing COVID-19 patients. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a common anti-rejection drug widely used in transplantation, has recently been shown to exhibit substantial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity and anti-COVID-19 effect. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of action of CsA in order to highlight why this molecule seems to be an interesting candidate for the therapeutic management of COVID-19 patients. We conclude that CsA could have at least three major targets in COVID-19 patients: (i) an anti-inflammatory effect reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, (ii) an antiviral effect preventing the formation of the viral RNA synthesis complex, and (iii) an effect on tissue damage and thrombosis by acting against the deleterious action of angiotensin II. Several preliminary CsA clinical trials performed on COVID-19 patients report lower incidence of death and suggest that this strategy should be investigated further in order to assess in which context the benefit/risk ratio of repurposing CsA as first-line therapy in COVID-19 is the most favorable
De multiples nodules abdominaux calcifiés chez une femme
International audienc
Variabilité et fréquences de la cÎte cervicale surnuméraire chez les individus décédés en période périnatale. Croisement de données médicales et anthropologiques.
International audienc
Modélisation et reconstitution du massif sinusien en cas de traumatisme crùnio-facial à partir des données TDM : étude de faisabilité
National audienc
Study of cerebrospinal injuries by force transmission secondary to mandibular impacts using a finite element model
International audienc
L'épiphyse distale fémorale utilisée comme marqueur de maturité foetale: impact des données médicales actuelles sur l'analyse bioarchéologique
International audienceThe distal epiphysis of the femur is classically reported as a marker of fetal maturity and is thus identified in a bioarcheological context as an indicator that an individual died at or around the time of birth; it thus provides crucial information in the creation of the biological profile and associated burial practices. The aim of the present study was to reâevaluate this use by investigating an extant sample to assess (i) the ageârelated frequencies of both distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses and (ii) the influence of factors such as sex, vitality, and morbidity on the maturation of both epiphyses. The study was conducted on medical CT scans acquired in utero and ex utero between 2008 and 2017 in the hospital of Marseille (France). The final sample included 248 individuals aged between 26 and 42 completed gestational weeks (GW). Based on the results obtained in this study, 11% of the individuals from the sample aged between 26 and 33 completed GW had already developed a distal femoral epiphysis, whereas individuals aged between 38 and 42 GW had already developed both femoral and tibial epiphyses. According to these observations and current obstetrical practice, this maturation indicator cannot therefore be considered a precise estimator of whether a fetus is at term or not in an archeological context. Similarly, no delayed ossification was found among individuals who did not survive to 42 GW, or among those with severe developmental abnormalities, which does not support the hypothesis that delayed epiphysis maturation of the distal femur may be a morbidity marker for this age group in past populations.L'Ă©piphyse distale du fĂ©mur est classiquement considĂ©rĂ©e comme un marqueur de la maturitĂ© fĆtale et ainsi identifiĂ©e dans un contexte bioarchĂ©ologique comme un indicateur du fait qu'un individu est dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© autour de la naissance ; elle fournit donc des informations cruciales pour la rĂ©alisation du profil biologique et l'Ă©tude des pratiques funĂ©raires qui y sont associĂ©es. L'objectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude Ă©tait de rĂ©Ă©valuer cette utilisation en Ă©tudiant un Ă©chantillon actuel afin d'Ă©valuer (i) les frĂ©quences en fonction de l'Ăąge des Ă©piphyses fĂ©morales distales et tibiales proximales et (ii) l'influence de facteurs tels que le sexe, la vitalitĂ© et la morbiditĂ© sur la maturation de ces deux Ă©piphyses. L'Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e sur des tomographies mĂ©dicales acquises in utero et ex utero entre 2008 et 2017 Ă l'hĂŽpital de Marseille (France). L'Ă©chantillon final comprenait 248 individus ĂągĂ©s de 26 Ă 42 semaines gestationnelles rĂ©volues. D'aprĂšs les rĂ©sultats obtenus dans cette Ă©tude, 11 % des individus de l'Ă©chantillon ĂągĂ©s de 26 Ă 33 semaines de gestation rĂ©volues avaient dĂ©jĂ dĂ©veloppĂ© une Ă©piphyse fĂ©morale distale, tandis que les individus ĂągĂ©s de 38 Ă 42 semaines de gestation avaient dĂ©jĂ dĂ©veloppĂ© des Ă©piphyses fĂ©morales et tibiales. D'aprĂšs ces observations et la pratique obstĂ©tricale actuelle, cet indicateur de maturation ne peut donc pas ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme un estimateur prĂ©cis du fait qu'un fĆtus soit Ă terme ou non dans un contexte archĂ©ologique. De mĂȘme, aucun retard d'ossification n'a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ© chez les individus n'ayant pas survĂ©cu jusqu'Ă 42 semaines de gestation, ni chez ceux prĂ©sentant des anomalies sĂ©vĂšres du dĂ©veloppement, ce qui ne permet pas de soutenir l'hypothĂšse qu'un retard de maturation de l'Ă©piphyse du fĂ©mur distal puisse ĂȘtre un marqueur de morbiditĂ© pour cette tranche d'Ăąge dans les populations du passĂ©