Model Driven Engineering and Dependability Analyses: The Topcased Approach

International audienceModel Driven Engineering approaches are widely promoted to overcome difficulties to design, validate and maintain large complex systems. They present interesting dependability characteristics especially in terms of prevention of design faults and validation of design correctness. However industrial needs, practices and applicable standards impose constraints on the dependability activities to perform and justify. Therefore it is necessary to analyze how a complete dependability and safety process can be integrated with model-driven approaches within a seamless global process: which dependability activities are naturally covered or facilitated by model-driven approaches, and which additional activities are needed with which support. This paper presents the results of a study aiming at the establishment of requirements to model-driven engineering methods and tools, to support dependability analyses

Spin Read-out of the Motion of Levitated Electrically Rotated Diamonds

Recent advancements with trapped nano- and micro-particles have enabled the exploration of motional states on unprecedented scales. Rotational degrees of freedom stand out due to their intrinsic non-linearity and their coupling with internal spin degrees of freedom, opening up possibilities for gyroscopy and magnetometry applications and the creation of macroscopic quantum superpositions. However, current techniques for fast and reliable rotation of particles with internal spins face challenges, such as optical absorption and heating issues. Here, to address this gap, we demonstrate electrically driven rotation of micro-particles levitating in Paul traps. We show that micro-particles can be set to rotate stably at 150,000 rpm by operating in a hitherto unexplored parametrically driven regime using the particle electric quadrupolar moment. Moreover, the spin states of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds undergoing full rotation were successfully controlled, allowing accurate angular trajectory reconstruction and demonstrating high rotational stability over extended periods. These achievements mark progress toward interfacing full rotation with internal magnetic degrees of freedom in micron-scale objects. In particular, it extends significantly the type of particles that can be rotated, such as ferromagnets, which offers direct implications for the study of large gyromagnetic effects at the micro-scale

Iron-catalyzed stereoselective C–H alkylation for simultaneous construction of C–N axial and C -central chirality

The assembly of chiral molecules with multiple stereogenic elements is challenging, and, despite of indisputable advances, largely limited to toxic, cost-intensive and precious metal catalysts. In sharp contrast, we herein disclose a versatile C–H alkylation using a non-toxic, low-cost iron catalyst for the synthesis of substituted indoles with two chiral elements. The key for achieving excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity was substitution on a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligand providing steric hindrance and extra represented by noncovalent interaction for the concomitant generation of C–N axial chirality and C-stereogenic center. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies have unraveled the origin of the catalytic efficacy and stereoselectivity

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The impact of boldness on demographic rates and life-history outcomes in the wandering albatross.

Differences among individuals within a population are ubiquitous. Those differences are known to affect the entire life cycle with important consequences for all demographic rates and outcomes. One source of among-individual phenotypic variation that has received little attention from a demographic perspective is animal personality, which is defined as consistent and heritable behavioural differences between individuals. While many studies have shown that individual variation in individual personality can generate individual differences in survival and reproductive rates, the impact of personality on all demographic rates and outcomes remains to be assessed empirically. Here, we used a unique, long-term, dataset coupling demography and personality of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet Archipelago and a comprehensive analysis based on a suite of approaches (capture-mark-recapture statistical models, Markov chains models and structured matrix population models). We assessed the effect of boldness on annual demographic rates (survival, breeding probability, breeding success), life-history outcomes (life expectancy, lifetime reproductive outcome, occupancy times), and an integrative demographic outcome (population growth rate). We found that boldness had little impact on female demographic rates, but was very likely associated with lower breeding probabilities in males. By integrating the effects of boldness over the entire life cycle, we found that bolder males had slightly lower lifetime reproductive success compared to shyer males. Indeed, bolder males spent a greater proportion of their lifetime as non-breeders, which suggests longer inter-breeding intervals due to higher reproductive allocation. Our results reveal that the link between boldness and demography is more complex than anticipated by the pace-of-life literature and highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle with a comprehensive approach when assessing the role of personality on individual performance and demography