12 research outputs found
Ătude de la tuberculose chez l'Ă©lĂ©phant : importance en parc zoologique
Les éléphants d'Afrique (Loxodonta africana, Loxodonta cyclotis) et d'Asie (Elephas maximus) sont des espÚces menacées dans leur milieu naturel. Leur élevage en parc zoologique est difficile et les populations captives diminuent peu à peu. La tuberculose chez l'éléphant n'est pas rapportée chez les individus sauvages, alors que de nombreux cas ont été déclarés chez des spécimens captifs. Depuis 10 ans, des études sont menées afin de mettre au point des techniques diagnostiques fiables et des thérapies efficaces. Chez l'éléphant, l'infection est souvent inapparente et est principalement causée par Mycobacterium tuberculosis, agent de la maladie chez l'homme. L'apparition d'un cas dans une collection zoologique constitue donc un risque de zoonose grave pour les employés et les visiteurs. La gestion pratique du cas et le devenir d'un éléphant tuberculeux dépend ainsi grandement des autorités sanitaires du pays, comme l'illustre l'exemple du Safari de Peaugres (ArdÚche, France) en 2004
Diagnosis and surgical management of cholecystolithiasis in two adult inland beardeddragons (pogona vitticeps)
Two male inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) of 5 and 6 yr of age were presented for anorexia
with and without lethargy, respectively. In both cases, a firm, spherical, and mobile mass, measuring 2
cm in diameter, was palpated in the cranio-medial coelom. Radiographs were unremarkable.
Ultrasonographic evaluation was highly suggestive of cholecystolithiasis. Coeliotomy confirmed the
presence of a markedly enlarged gallbladder containing a cholecystolith in both cases, and
cholecystectomies were performed. Both dragons resumed eating after 1â7 days and were doing
well 3â6 months postoperatively. The gallbladder wall was unremarkable on histology, and the choleliths
were composed of protein and calcium carbonate crystals. Cholecystolithiasis in bearded dragons has
been the subject of very few case reports, probably due to its low occurrence. The lack of available
data on the diagnosis and management may have led to this condition being underdiagnosed in this
species. Ultrasonography was essential to the clinical diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis in our two cases and
should be recommended as part of the diagnostic approach of bearded dragons with cranio-medial
coelomic masses
The Influence of Number and Timing of Pregnancies on Breast Cancer Risk for Women With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations
International audienceBACKGROUND:Full-term pregnancy (FTP) is associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) risk over time, but women are at increased BC risk in the immediate years following an FTP. No large prospective studies, however, have examined whether the number and timing of pregnancies are associated with BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.METHODS:Using weighted and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated whether reproductive events are associated with BC risk for mutation carriers using a retrospective cohort (5707 BRCA1 and 3525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and a prospective cohort (2276 BRCA1 and 1610 BRCA2 mutation carriers), separately for each cohort and the combined prospective and retrospective cohort.RESULTS:For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no overall association with parity compared with nulliparity (combined hazard ratio [HRc]â=â0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]â=â0.83 to 1.18). Relative to being uniparous, an increased number of FTPs was associated with decreased BC risk (HRcâ=â0.79, 95% CIâ=â0.69 to 0.91; HRcâ=â0.70, 95% CIâ=â0.59 to 0.82; HRcâ=â0.50, 95% CIâ=â0.40 to 0.63, for 2, 3, and â„4 FTPs, respectively, P trend < .0001) and increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with decreased BC risk (combined cohort P trendâ=â.0003). Relative to being nulliparous, uniparous BRCA1 mutation carriers were at increased BC risk in the prospective analysis (prospective hazard ration [HRp]â=â1.69, 95% CIâ=â1.09 to 2.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, being parous was associated with a 30% increase in BC risk (HRcâ=â1.33, 95% CIâ=â1.05 to 1.69), and there was no apparent decrease in risk associated with multiparity except for having at least 4 FTPs vs. 1 FTP (HRcâ=â0.72, 95% CIâ=â0.54 to 0.98).CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest differential associations with parity between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with higher risk for uniparous BRCA1 carriers and parous BRCA2 carriers
Ătude de la tuberculose chez l'Ă©lĂ©phant (importance en parc zoologique)
Les éléphants d'Afrique (Loxodonta africana, Loxodonta cyclotis) et d'Asie (Elephas maximus) sont des espÚces menacées dans leur milieu naturel. Leur élevage en parc zoologique est difficile et les populations captives diminuent peu à peu. La tuberculose chez l'éléphant n'est pas rapportée chez les individus sauvages, alors que de nombreux cas ont été déclarés chez des spécimens captifs. Depuis 10 ans, des études sont menées afin de mettre au point des techniques diagnostiques fiables et des thérapies efficaces. Chez l'éléphant, l'infection est souvent inapparente et est principalement causée par Mycobacterium tuberculosis, agent de la maladie chez l'homme. L'apparition d'un cas dans une collection zoologique constitue donc un risque de zoonose grave pour les employés et les visiteurs. La gestion pratique du cas et le devenir d'un éléphant tuberculeux dépend ainsi grandement des autorités sanitaires du pays, comme l'illustre l'exemple du Safari de Peaugres (ArdÚche, France) en 2004.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Experimental pathogenesis of aquatic bird bornavirus 1 in Pekin ducks
Abstract Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) is a neurotropic virus that causes persistent infection in the nervous system of wild waterfowl. This study evaluated whether Pekin ducks, the most common waterfowl raised worldwide, are susceptible to ABBV-1 infection and associated disease. Groups of Pekin ducks were inoculated with ABBV-1 through the intracranial (IC; n, 32), intramuscular (IM; n, 30), and choanal (CH; n, 30) routes. Controls (CO; n, 29) received carrier only. At 1, 12, and 21Â weeks postinfection (wpi), 7â14 birds were euthanized to assess virus distribution and lesions. Infection rates in the IC and IM groups were over 70%, while only 4 ducks in the CH group became infected. Neurological signs were observed in 8 ducks only, while over 25% of IC and IM birds had encephalitis and/or myelitis. Seroconversion was highest in the IC and IM groups, and mucosal ABBV-1 RNA shedding was most frequent in the IC group (53%). None of the fertile eggs laid during the experiment tested positive for ABBV-1 RNA. This study shows that Pekin ducks are permissive to ABBV-1 infection and partly susceptible to associated disease. While mucosal shedding may be an important route of transmission, congenital infection appears unlikely
Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Seals, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada
We describe an unusual mortality event caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b involving harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, in 2022. Fifteen (56%) of the seals submitted for necropsy were considered to be fatally infected by HPAI H5N1 containing fully Eurasian or Eurasian/North American genome constellations. Concurrently, presence of large numbers of bird carcasses infected with HPAI H5N1 at seal haul-out sites most likely contributed to the spillover of infection to the seals. Histologic changes included meningoencephalitis (100%), fibrinosuppurative alveolitis, and multiorgan acute necrotizing inflammation. This report of fatal HPAI H5N1 infection in pinnipeds in Canada raises concerns about the expanding host of this virus, the potential for the establishment of a marine mammal reservoir, and the public health risks associated with spillover to mammals.
Nous dĂ©crivons un Ă©vĂ©nement de mortalitĂ© inhabituelle causĂ© par un virus de lâinfluenza aviaire hautement pathogĂšne A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b chez des phoques communs (Phoca vitulina) et gris (Halichoerus grypus) dans lâestuaire du Saint-Laurent au QuĂ©bec, Canada, en 2022. Quinze (56%) des phoques soumis pour nĂ©cropsie ont Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s comme Ă©tant fatalement infectĂ©s par le virus H5N1 de lignĂ©es eurasiennes ou de rĂ©assortiment eurasiennes/nord-amĂ©ricaines. Un grand nombre simultanĂ© de carcasses dâoiseaux infectĂ©s par le H5N1 sur les sites dâĂ©chouement a probablement contribuĂ© Ă la contamination de ces phoques. Les changements histologiques associĂ©s Ă cette infection incluaient : mĂ©ningo-encĂ©phalite (100%), alvĂ©olite fibrinosuppurĂ©e et inflammation nĂ©crosante aiguĂ« multi-organique. Cette documentation soulĂšve des prĂ©occupations quant Ă lâĂ©mergence de virus mortels, Ă la possibilitĂ© dâĂ©tablissement de rĂ©servoirs chez les mammifĂšres marins, et aux risques pour la santĂ© publique associĂ©s aux propagations du virus chez les mammifĂšres
Pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after single intramuscular administration
This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of imidocarb, a carbanilide derivative, in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of imidocarb were determined in 10 deer. A single IM injection of 3.0 mg/kg imidocarb dipropionate was administered, and blood samples were collected prior to, and up to 48 hr after imidocarb administration. Plasma imidocarb concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The disposition of plasma imidocarb was best characterized by a two-compartment open model. The mean ± SE maximal imidocarb concentration in deer was 880.78 ± 81.12 ng/ml at 38.63 ± 5.30 min postinjection. The distribution phase had a half-life (t1/2α ) of 25.90 ± 10.21 min, and plasma imidocarb concentration declined with a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2ÎČ ) of 464.06 ± 104.08 min (7.73 ± 1.73 hr). Apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (VZ /F) was 9.20 ± 2.70 L/kg, and apparent total body clearance (Cl/F) was 15.97 ± 1.28 ml min-1 kg-1
Pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after single intramuscular administration
This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of imidocarb, a carbanilide derivative, in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of imidocarb were determined in 10 deer. A single IM injection of 3.0 mg/kg imidocarb dipropionate was administered, and blood samples were collected prior to, and up to 48 hr after imidocarb administration. Plasma imidocarb concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The disposition of plasma imidocarb was best characterized by a two-compartment open model. The mean ± SE maximal imidocarb concentration in deer was 880.78 ± 81.12 ng/ml at 38.63 ± 5.30 min postinjection. The distribution phase had a half-life (t1/2α ) of 25.90 ± 10.21 min, and plasma imidocarb concentration declined with a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2ÎČ ) of 464.06 ± 104.08 min (7.73 ± 1.73 hr). Apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (VZ /F) was 9.20 ± 2.70 L/kg, and apparent total body clearance (Cl/F) was 15.97 ± 1.28 ml min-1 kg-1