Community Irrigation Supplies and Regional Water Transfers in the Colca Valley, Peru

Water governance of Andean river valleys that are the site of large-scale water transfers and the home to highland communities with their own irrigation practices has been the subject of research and debate since the large water transfers began. In Peru, local and regional water governance has been shaped by changing national water laws that remain controversial regarding their effects on highland water users. This article presents findings from the Colca Valley, where water has been transferred to the Majes Irrigation Project since 1983, while many highland communities still struggle to access sufficient irrigation water. It summarizes the attempts by Colca Valley communities to protect their water rights and water management institutions under a system oriented to regional and national rather than local water resources management, with a detailed discussion of the community of Coporaque. It also presents data on the area's highly variable water allowances and water use patterns, which demonstrate the need for more transparency and agro-ecological understanding of local irrigation needs and efforts to support them. Processes of representation, participation, and water redistribution are discussed as critical issues in improved regional water governance in the Colca Valle

Propriétés physiques et petrographiques de quelques varietes de 'Pierre Bateig'

Bateig stone is an allochemical calcareous rock (mainly biosparite - biomicrite) worked in Novelda, named Novelda stone too (Alicante province, Spain) that belongs to a transgressive unit of Middle - Late Miocene age. This stone is a highly workable material that often was used in monumental Spanish architecture. Using criterium publising by the M.I.T., Bateig stone may be classified as a Medium to Low Limestone. Data from Mercury Porosimeter has been used to stimate a DDS (Durability Dimensional Stimation). The DDS equation is supported on the calculus of the pressure of salt crystallization in porous mediums. The DDS values obtained, for different varieties of Bateig stone let us establish that the microporosity, size pores less than 0,1 μm, is the main factor responsible for durability of materials.La "Pierre Bateig" est une roche carbonatee a allochemes (biosparite-biomicrite) extraite en Novelda, elle est appellee aussi "Pierre de Novelda" (Province de Alicante, Espagne); elle appartient a une unite transgresive du Miocene Moyen- Superieur. Cette roche est tres facile a travailler et souvent a ete utilisee dans la architecture monumentale espagnole. En utilisant le criterium publie par le M.I.T. la "Pierre Bateig" peut etre classifiee comme "Moyen a Low Limestone". Les donnees du Porosimetre de Mercure ont ete utilisees a la fin d'etablir une DDS (Durability Dimensional Stimation). L'equation de la DDS est basee dans le calcule de la pression de cristallisation des sels dans un moyen poreux. Les valeurs obtenues pour les differentes varietes de la Pierre Bateig permettent d'etablir que la microporosite, pores plus petits de 0, 1 μm, est le principal facteur responsable de la durabilite des materiaux.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Musicoterapia en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales: experiencia benéfica para el binomio

ResumenIntroducciónDesde hace varios años se está utilizando la música como herramienta terapéutica y preventiva en la neonatología, se han documentado en un gran número de artículos de investigación, sin embargo, en México esta técnica es poco utilizada.ObjetivoMejorar las condiciones de los neonatos atendidos en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCIN) y sus familiares, mediante el uso de musicoterapia, para minimizar el estrés y los daños colaterales.Materiales y métodosUn grupo de 2 neonatólogos, 3 residentes de pediatría, 10 enfermeras y un concertista profesional de violín, llevaron a cabo 6 sesiones musicales semanales en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales Externos del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara. Durante el concierto se valoró individualmente a cada neonato, registrando los signos vitales por monitorización electrónica, además se registró el estado anímico de los familiares.ResultadosDurante las sesiones de música los neonatales no presentaron cambios significativos en sus constantes vitales, en el personal de la UCIN y en los padres de recién nacidos hospitalizados se vieron efectos benéficos, refiriendo disminución del estrés y altos índices de satisfacción.ConclusionesLa música puede tener un efecto positivo como terapia coadyuvante en neonatos de alto riesgo, principalmente en prematuros. Se recomienda difundir y aplicar esta metodología en las UCIN del país.AbstractIntroductionSince several years ago, music has been used as a therapeutic and preventive tool in neonatology. A great number of research papers have been written on the subject; however, this technique is rarely used in Mexico.ObjectiveTo improve the condition of neonates at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and their relatives, in order to minimize any stress and collateral damage.Material and methods: A group of two neonatologists, 3 residents, 10 nurses and a professional concert violinist, conducted six weekly music sessions in the Outpatient Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ONICU) of our institution. During the concert, we individually assessed each newborn, recording vital signs through electronic monitoring; additionally, we recorded the mood of any other family members present.ResultsDuring the music sessions, the neonatal patients showed no significant changes in vital signs; yet, ONICU staff and the parents/relatives of hospitalized newborns showed beneficial effects, reporting decreased stress and high levels of satisfaction.ConclusionsMusic can have a positive effect as adjunctive therapy in high-risk newborns, especially in premature babies. We therefore recommend applying this methodology in the ONICU

Climate-induced environmental conditions influencing interannual variability of Mediterranean bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larval growth

Daily growth variability of bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larvae sampled in their Balearic Sea spawning grounds during the 2003–2005 spawning seasons was examined. Multi-factorial ANOVA was applied to study the effects of environmental variables, such as temperature at 10 m depth (T10), microzooplankton dry weight (MDW) and protein/dry weight ratio (PROT/ MDW) on larval growth. The 2003 bluefin tuna (BFT) larval cohort showed the fastest growth, recognizable from enhanced otolith and somatic mass increment compared to the 2004–2005 larval cohorts. The 2003 BFT larvae showed greater recent growth than the 2004–2005 BFT cohorts, which decreased in the last stages of development. Growth differences between the 2004 and 2005 larval cohorts were not significant. The environmental conditions between 2003 and 2004–2005 were highly contrasting as a result of the 2003 warming anomaly. Somatic and otolith growth rates (OGR) were significantly related to T10 and MDW, as well as to the PROT/MDW ratios. Nonetheless, the effect of T10 on OGR depended on the relative high (H) or low (L) levels of MDW and PROT/DW. Higher OGR was observed when T10 was high, MDW was low and PROT/DW was high. This environmental scenario conditions were met during 2003, which recorded the highest surface temperature and low planktonic biomass. Somatic growth,expressed as larval DW growth increase (DWGR), showed three-factor significant interactions with T10*MDW*PROT/MDW, in which the two-way interactions of MDW*PROT/MDW showed differences in the function of T10 levels.Postprin

Right ventricular dysfunction affects survival after surgical left ventricular restoration

Cardiolog

Preliminary design of a tangentially viewing imaging bolometer for NSTX-U

The infrared imaging video bolometer (IRVB) measures plasma radiated power images using a thin metal foil. Two different designs with a tangential view of NSTX-U are made assuming a 640 × 480 (1280 × 1024) pixel, 30 (105) fps, 50 (20) mK, IR camera imaging the 9 cm × 9 cm × 2 μm Pt foil. The foil is divided into 40 × 40 (64 × 64) IRVB channels. This gives a spatial resolution of 3.4 (2.2) cm on the machine mid-plane. The noise equivalent power density of the IRVB is given as 113 (46) μW/cm2 for a time resolution of 33 (20) ms. Synthetic images derived from Scrape Off Layer Plasma Simulation data using the IRVB geometry show peak signal levels ranging from ∼0.8 to ∼80 (∼0.36 to ∼26) mW/cm2