Thanks, but no thanks: women's avoidance of help-seeking in the context of a dependency-related stereotype

The stereotype that women are dependent on men is a commonly verbalized, potentially damaging aspect of benevolent sexism. We investigated how women may use behavioral disconfirmation of the personal applicability of the stereotype to negotiate such sexism. In an experiment (N = 86), we manipulated female college students’ awareness that women may be stereotyped by men as dependent. We then placed participants in a situation where they needed help. Women made aware of the dependency stereotype (compared to controls who were not) were less willing to seek help. They also displayed a stronger negative correlation between help-seeking and post help-seeking affect - such that the more help they sought, the worse they felt. We discuss the relevance of these findings for research concerning women’s help-seeking and their management of sexist stereotyping in everyday interaction. We also consider the implications of our results for those working in domains such as healthcare, teaching and counseling, where interaction with individuals in need and requiring help is common

DGSAT: Dwarf Galaxy Survey with Amateur Telescopes II. A catalogue of isolated nearby edge-on disk galaxies and the discovery of new low surface brightness systems

The connection between the bulge mass or bulge luminosity in disk galaxies and the number, spatial and phase space distribution of associated dwarf galaxies is a discriminator between cosmological simulations related to galaxy formation in cold dark matter and generalized gravity models. Here, a nearby sample of isolated Milky Way class edge-on galaxies is introduced, to facilitate observational campaigns to detect the associated families of dwarf galaxies at low surface brightness. Three galaxy pairs with at least one of the targets being edge-on are also introduced. About 60% of the catalogued isolated galaxies contain bulges of different size, while the remaining objects appear to be bulge-less. Deep images of NGC 3669 (small bulge, with NGC 3625 at the edge of the image) and NGC 7814 (prominent bulge), obtained with a 0.4-m aperture, are also presented, resulting in the discovery of two new dwarf galaxy candidates, NGC3669-DGSAT-3 and NGC7814-DGSAT-7. Eleven additional low surface brightness galaxies are identified, previously notified with low quality measurement flags in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Integrated magnitudes, surface brightnesses, effective radii, Sersic indices, axis ratios, and projected distances to their putative major hosts are displayed. At least one of the galaxies, NGC3625-DGSAT-4, belongs with a surface brightness of approximately 26 mag per arcsec^2 and effective radius >1.5 kpc to the class of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). NGC3669-DGSAT-3, the galaxy with lowest surface brightness in our sample, may also be an UDG.Comment: 12 pages including 6 figures, 4 tables, a brief appendix, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A). Paper slightly modified after A&A language editing, updating very few references and correcting a small typo at the start of the Appendi

The luminosity function of Palomar 5 and its tidal tails

We present the main sequence luminosity function of the tidally disrupted globular cluster Palomar 5 and its tidal tails. For this work we analyzed imaging data obtained with the Wide Field Camera at the INT (La Palma) and data from the Wide Field Imager at the MPG/ESO 2.2 m telescope at La Silla down to a limiting magnitude of approximately 24.5 mag in B. Our results indicate that preferentially fainter stars were removed from the cluster so that the LF of the cluster's main body exhibits a significant degree of flattening compared to other GCs. This is attributed to its advanced dynamical evolution. The LF of the tails is, in turn, enhanced with faint, low-mass stars, which we interpret as a consequence of mass segregation in the cluster.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the conference "Satellites and tidal streams" held at La Palma, Canary Islands, May 26 - 30, 200

Ambiguities of arrival-time distributions in quantum theory

We consider the definition that might be given to the time at which a particle arrives at a given place, both in standard quantum theory and also in Bohmian mechanics. We discuss an ambiguity that arises in the standard theory in three, but not in one, spatial dimension.Comment: LaTex, 12 pages, no figure

Quantum Chinos Game: winning strategies through quantum fluctuations

We apply several quantization schemes to simple versions of the Chinos game. Classically, for two players with one coin each, there is a symmetric stable strategy that allows each player to win half of the times on average. A partial quantization of the game (semiclassical) allows us to find a winning strategy for the second player, but it is unstable w.r.t. the classical strategy. However, in a fully quantum version of the game we find a winning strategy for the first player that is optimal: the symmetric classical situation is broken at the quantum level.Comment: REVTEX4.b4 file, 3 table

Stellar population gradients in Seyfert 2 galaxies. Northern sample

We use high signal-to-noise ratio long-slit spectra in the 3600-4700A range of the twenty brightest northern Seyfert 2 galaxies to study the variation of the stellar population properties as a function of distance from the nucleus. In order to characterize the stellar population and other continuum sources (e.g. featureless continuum FC) we have measured equivalent widths Ws of six absorption features, four continuum colours and their radial variations, and performed spectral population synthesis as a function of distance from the nucleus. About half the sample has CaIIK and G-band W values smaller at the nucleus than at 1 kpc from it, due to a younger population and/or FC. The stellar population synthesis shows that, while at the nucleus, 75% of the galaxies present contribution > 20% of ages younger or equal than 100Myr and/or of a FC, this proportion decreases to 45% at 3 kpc. In particular, 55% of the galaxies have contribution > 10% of the 3 Myr/FC component (a degenerate component in which one cannot separate what is due to a FC or to a 3 Myr stellar population) at the nucleus, but only 25% of them have this contribution at 3 kpc. As reference, the stellar population of 10 non-Seyfert galaxies, spanning the Hubble types of the Seyfert (from S0 to Sc) was also studied. A comparison between the stellar population of the Seyferts and that of the non-Seyferts shows systematic differences: the contribution of ages younger than 1 Gyr is in most cases larger in the Seyfert galaxies than in non-Seyferts, not only at the nucleus but up to 1 kpc from it.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figures, MNRAS in pres

Pilot3: A crew multi-criteria decision support tool – Estimating performance indicators and uncertainty for tactical trajectory management

During a flight, when a change in the operational conditions arises (e.g., new updated weather forecast, delay at reaching a given waypoint), different alternative trajectories can be computed with dedicated optimisation or prediction systems. These systems usually produce trajectories with trade-offs between expected fuel usage and delay. The pilot, or the dispatcher, considers these expected values in order to decide how to tactically operate the aircraft. This approach has two main challenges. Firstly, it requires the translation of arrival delay into parameters which are relevant for the airlines, such as on-time performance and cost of delay. Secondly, uncertainties in the system need to be estimated, such as holding time at arrival, or taxi-in time. Both of these estimations (airlines performance indicators and uncertainty) rely on the airline staff expertise. Finally, the crew faces a multi-criteria decision process as different objectives (cost, on-time performance) and constraints need to be considered. The use of prior to the flight estimations, such as the cost index of the operational flight plan, might not be relevant at the moment of reassessing the flight, as the situation has evolved (for example, the number of passengers who can potentially miss their connections will depend on the status of the fleet of the airline). In other cases, this expected cost of delay could be estimated by the crew or the dispatchers, but generally it is difficult to internalise the dynamics of cost due to IROPS on passengers, or even to estimate the cost of a potential curfew at the end of the day. Uncertainties such as the expected holding delay, distance flown at the arrival TMA, or taxi-in time, might lead to sub-optimal decisions, such as recovering delay, using extra fuel, which does not translate into economic benefit, as larger holding than anticipated might lead to passengers still missing their connection; or shorter distances flown in the TMA means that speed-ups performed during the cruise were unnecessary. Pilot3, a Clean Sky 2 Research and Innovation action, sets out to overcome these issues by developing a multi-criteria support decision tool, which combines explicit estimation of key performance indicators and estimation of ATM operational parameters. These estimators will be developed incrementally, from simple heuristics to machine learning models. Pilot3 prototype comprises five sub-systems: * An Alternatives Generator, which will compute the different alternatives to be considered by the pilot; fed by two independent sub-systems: * Performance Indicators Estimator, which provides the Alternatives Generator with information on how to estimate the impact of each solution for the different performance indicators; * Operational ATM Estimator, which provides the Alternative Generator with information on how to estimate some operational aspects such as tactical route amendments, expected arrival procedure, holding time in terminal airspace, distance flown (or flight time spent) in terminal airspace due to arrival sequencing and merging operations, or taxi-in time; * Performance Assessment Module, which, considering the expected results for each alternative on the different KPIs, is able to filter and rank the alternatives considering airlines and pilots preferences; and * Human Machine Interface, which will present these alternatives to the pilot and allow them to interact with the system. Pilot3 is led by the University of Westminster with the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Innaxis and PACE Aerospace Engineering and Information Technology as partners. The Topic Manager is Thales AVS France SAS. With support from the Advisory Board, Pilot3 has already identified the key operational performance indicators that crew should consider when tactically adjusting their trajectories (on-time performance and total cost, including fuel, IROPs and others); and a literature review and filtering process on multi-criteria decision making techniques has been conducted to select the most suitable method for the different phases of the optimisation process (trajectory generation, filtering and ranking of alternatives)