Two South American new species of neophyllaphis subgenus chileaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

P. 359-366Two South American new species of Neophyllaphis Takahashi (Aphididae Neuquenaphidinae) are described, Neophyllaphis cuschensis Nieto Nafría & Delfino sp. nov. collected on Podocarpus glomeratus D. Don in Cusco (Peru) and Neophyllaphis iuiuyensis Mier Durante & Ortego sp. nov. collected on Podocarpus parlatorei Pilg. in San Salvador de Jujuy (Argentina). The apterous and alate viviparous females of N. cuschensis and the apterous and alate viviparous females, as well as the oviparous females and males of N. iuiuyensis are described. The differences between the nominotypical subgenus and Chileaphis and also the differences among the 4 species of subgenus Chileaphis , viz. the 2 new species and those already known and found in Chile, N. michelbacheri Essig and N. podocarpini Carrillo are outlined.S

Aquacultural Homoeopathy: A Focus on Marine Species

Homoeopathy is an alternative medical system proposed by Samuel Hahnemann in the eighteenth century. It uses highly diluted and agitated substances that derived from plants, minerals or animals, which have shown to be effective in human medicine, agronomy, veterinary, and as a novelty, in marine aquaculture. Aquacultural homoeopathy has developed rapidly in recent years, partially motivated by the misuse of powerful drugs (hormones, antibiotics, disinfectants) that when solving a problem generate undesirable side effects. In the last 10 years, scientific articles have been published on its application in freshwater fish native to Brazil, obtaining beneficial effects on growth, survival, hepatosomatic index, development of muscle fibres and lipid content in muscle. At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR, Mexico: www.cibnor.mx), we have studied the effects of homoeopathy to improve the culture of economically important marine species of molluscs, fish and shrimp. In this chapter, we show a selection of different research with preliminary or advanced results, related to the use of homoeopathy and its impact on zootechnic, biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic parameters in marine molluscs, fish and crustaceans. The results obtained suggest that homoeopathy is an eco-friendly alternative applicable in aquaculture industry to improve various productive and health aspects

Influence of the per pulse laser fluence on the optical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation of solids in liquids

Abstract In this work we present experimental results on the optical characterization of carbon-nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by the laser ablation of solids in liquids technique (LASL). A pulsed Nd-YAG laser, a graphite disk and acetone were used in the laser ablation experiments. The per pulse laser fluence was varied, while all the other irradiation parameters (irradiation time, repetition rate, etc.) were kept constant. Both the graphite target and the obtained CNPs were characterized by Raman micro-spectroscopy. The colloidal solutions were characterized by UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Additionally, the CNPs were also characterized by TEM and HRTEM. Our results show that spherical nanoparticles in the range of 4–20 nm in diameter were obtained. UV–vis and PL results for the obtained CNPs colloidal solutions showed that the optical absorption and PL intensity are dependent on the per pulse laser fluence. We also found that the PL spectral emission of the CNPs can be tuned from blue to yellow by varying the excitation wavelength.This work was partially supported by SIEA-UAEM under the Contracts 3279/2012M, 3280/2012M, 3281/2012

Distribución potencial del complejo aspidoscelis gularis (Squamata: Teiidae) en México

La distribución del complejo Aspidoscelis gularis en México ha sido difícil de modelar debido a los problemas taxonómicos que enfrentan sus integrantes y a que los modelos publicados excluyen zonas típicas donde los taxones han sido reportados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información sobre la distribución del complejo A. gularis y proponer un modelo aplicable a grupos de especies considerados complejos, así como a cualquier nivel taxonómico. La información generada permitió desarrollar un modelo de distribución con el algoritmo Tipicidad de Mahalanobis en IDRISI Taiga, que se validó con el área bajo la curva (AUC), con un valor de 0.932. La distribución modelada abarcó estados pertenecientes al Altiplano Mexicano. Se encontró que los taxones del complejo están asociados con la vegetación característica del Altiplano Mexicano, clasificada como desierto Chihuahuense, compuesta principalmente por matorrales xerófilos y pastizales, lo que sugiere un factor que limita su distribución en el norte hasta el centro de México, similar con otros grupos de reptiles