Universal Loss Dynamics in a Unitary Bose Gas

The low temperature unitary Bose gas is a fundamental paradigm in few-body and many-body physics, attracting wide theoretical and experimental interest. Here we first present a theoretical model that describes the dynamic competition between two-body evaporation and three-body re-combination in a harmonically trapped unitary atomic gas above the condensation temperature. We identify a universal magic trap depth where, within some parameter range, evaporative cooling is balanced by recombination heating and the gas temperature stays constant. Our model is developed for the usual three-dimensional evaporation regime as well as the 2D evaporation case. Experiments performed with unitary 133 Cs and 7 Li atoms fully support our predictions and enable quantitative measurements of the 3-body recombination rate in the low temperature domain. In particular, we measure for the first time the Efimov inelasticity parameter $\eta$ * = 0.098(7) for the 47.8-G d-wave Feshbach resonance in 133 Cs. Combined 133 Cs and 7 Li experimental data allow investigations of loss dynamics over two orders of magnitude in temperature and four orders of magnitude in three-body loss. We confirm the 1/T 2 temperature universality law up to the constant $\eta$ *

Mélanges de superfluides

Ultracold atoms are unique tools to probe the physics of quantum matter. Indeed, the high degree of tunability of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases makes them ideal systems for quantum simulation and for exploring macroscopic manifestations of quantum effects, such as superfluidity. In this work, we have realized the first Bose-Fermi superfluid mixture, with ultracold gases of 6Li and 7Li. The properties of the mixture are investigated by initiating a Bose-Fermi counterflow through their dipole modes. The superfluid critical velocity is measured in the BEC-BCS crossover, and is found close to the sound velocity of the Fermi gas near unitarity. We compare our findings to recent theoretical predictions. Raising the temperature of the mixture, we observe an unexpected synchronization of the motion of the two clouds, interpreted with a Zeno-like model induced by dissipation. Finally, this Bose-Fermi mixture offers the unique possibility to create a homogeneoustrap for the Fermi gas. By a fine tuning of the interactions, we propose to use the Bose-Fermi repulsion to compensate the curvature of the harmonic trap for fermions. For a spin-polarized Fermi gas in such a trap, we theoretically predict the existence of a superfluid with a shell structure and we provide first experimental evidence for this topologically new superfluid.Les atomes froids sont des outils uniques pour sonder la physique de la matière quantique. Hautement contrôlables, les gaz de Bose et de Fermi ultrafroids sont des systèmes idéaux pour la simulation quantique et pour explorer des manifestations spectaculaires des effets quantiques, comme la superfluidité. Avec des gaz froids de 6Li et de 7Li, nous avons produit le premier mélange de superfluides bosonique-fermionique, et étudié ses propriétés en initiant un contre-flot entre les nuages de Bose et de Fermi (mode dipolaire). La vitesse critique de superfluidité a été mesurée dans le crossover BEC-BCS et elle est trouvée proche de la vitesse du son dans le gaz de Fermi. Nous comparons nos mesures avec des prédictions théoriques récentes. En élevant la température du mélange, nous avons aussi observé une synchronisation inattendue entre les mouvements des deux nuages, interprétée comme un effet Zénon induit par la dissipation. Finalement, ce mélange de bosons et de fermions offre la possibilité unique de créer un piège homogène pour le gaz de Fermi. En ajustant finement les interactions, nous proposons d’utiliser la répulsion entre les bosons et les fermions pour compenser la courbure du piège harmonique pour les fermions. Pour des fermions présentant une polarisation de spin, nous prédisons théoriquement l’existence d’un superfluide avec une structure en “coquille” et fournissons les premières indications expérimentales de l’observation de ce superfluide topologiquement original

Single-ion, transportable optical atomic clocks

International audienceFor the past 15 years, tremendous progress within the fields of laser stabilization, optical frequency combs and atom cooling and trapping have allowed the realization of optical atomic clocks with unrivaled performances. These instruments can perform frequency comparisons with fractional uncertainties well below 10−17, finding applications in fundamental physics tests, relativistic geodesyand time and frequencymetrology. Even though most optical clocks are currently laboratory setups, several proposals for using these clocks for field measurements or within an optical clock network have been published, and most of time and frequency metrology institutes have started to develop transportable optical clocks. For the purpose of this special issue, we chose to focus on trapped-ion optical clocks. Even though their short-term fractional frequency stability is impaired by a lower signal-to-noise ratio, they offer a high potential for compactness: trapped ions demand low optical powers and simple loading schemes, and can be trapped in small vacuum chambers. We review recent advances on the clock key components, including ion trap and ultra-stable optical cavity,as well as existing projects and experiments which draw the picture of what future transportable, single-ion optical clocks may resemble

Preliminary characterization of a surface-electrode ion trap for frequency metrology

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Connecting Few-Body Inelastic Decay to Quantum Correlations in a Many-Body System: A Weakly Coupled Impurity in a Resonant Fermi Gas

International audienceWe study three-body recombination in an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture. We first show theoretically that, for weak interspecies coupling, the loss rate is proportional to Tan's contact. Second, using a 7Li/6Li mixture we probe the recombination rate in both the thermal and dual superfluid regimes. We find excellent agreement with our model in the BEC-BCS crossover. At unitarity where the fermion-fermion scattering length diverges, we show that the loss rate is proportional to nf4/3, where nf is the fermionic density. This unusual exponent signals nontrivial two-body correlations in the system. Our results demonstrate that few-body losses can be used as a quantitative probe of quantum correlations in many-body ensembles