Endurance ou force dans le réentrainement à l'effort chez des patients atteints d'artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs: revue de la littérature : travail de Bachelor

Introduction : Les modalités d’un réentrainement à l’effort chez les patients atteints d’artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs (AOMI) sont décrites de façon précises et structurées concernant la marche, mais restent controversées pour le renforcement. L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est de comparer un entrainement de force et d’endurance chez les patients atteints d’AOMI au stade d’ischémie d’effort symptomatique ou non sur la distance totale de marche. Méthode : Nous avons effectué nos recherches sur les bases de données Medline, PEDro, Cochrane, CINHAL, embase BDSP et Kinédoc. Nos mots clés regroupaient 3 catégories ; les patients atteints d’AOMI au stade d’ischémie d’effort, l’entrainement de force et celui d’endurance. L’outcome étudié était centré sur la distance totale de marche. L’évaluation de la qualité des articles s’est faite avec l’échelle PEDro. Résultats : Une de nos trois études a montré une amélioration cliniquement significative de la distance totale de marche (DTM) en faveur d’un entrainement de force à haute intensité progressive comparé à un entrainement de marche. Les deux autres études ont démontré une amélioration similaire de la DTM évaluée sur tapis quelles que soient les modalités d’entrainement (marche ou force). Conclusion : Les études montrent que les bénéfices d’un entrainement de marche et d’un renforcement sont similaires. Cependant, une étude récente a montré qu’un entrainement de force à haute intensité permettrait d’améliorer aussi la DTM. Ce type d’entrainement apporte un intérêt supplémentaire puisqu’il ne déclenche pas de douleur de claudication par rapport à l’entrainement de marche. De futures études apporteront sûrement une réponse définitive quant aux bénéfices du renforcement

Genetic diversity of nodulated root structure in a very diverse pea collection

National audienceThe root system is responsible for nitrogen (N) acquisition, which in legumes, combines mineral acquisition and symbiotic fixation in nodules. Despite these two complementary pathways, N nutrition may be a limiting factor of legumes yield because nodules are very sensitive to their local environment and N fixing legume root system is poorly developed which may limit soil exploration [1]. Pea establishes in root nodules a symbiotic association with Rhizobium leguminosarum sv viciae bacteria (Rlv) [2]. This study assessed the potential of naturally occurring genetic variability of nodulated root structure and functioning traits to improve yield pea performance. Two successive glasshouse experiments were performed on a wide 336-pea panel consisted of wild, landraces and cultivars from diverse geographic origins [3]. Plants were inoculated by a mixture of strains representative of the Rlv diversity and grown in innovative RhizoTubes© on the 4PMI high throughput phenotyping platform allowing daily automatic imaging of shoots and nodulated root systems and their analysis [4]. Significant variations between pea accessions were observed for traits describing shoot and nodulated root system architecture. After genotyping of the pea panel by exome capture, genome wide association analyses were performed using 3.9 millions SNPs to identify the genetic determinants of these traits. They will be useful for breeding new pea cultivars with increased root system size, sustained nodule number, and improved N nutrition

GRaSP project Genetics of Rhizobia Selection by Pea

National audienceBecause of their ability to fix nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, legumes such as peas have an important role to play in the development of a sustainable agriculture. However, in the field, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) could be suboptimal as natural Rhizobium leguminosarum viciae (Rlv) populations are quantitatively and qualitatively heterogeneous, with strains varying in their competitiveness and efficiency of BNF [1,2]. There is a general agreement concerning the interest of Rlv inoculation for improving BNF and thus pea yield [3]. However, even when pea seeds are inoculated by efficient Rlv strains these can be outcompeted by indigenous rhizobia [4]. Previous work has shown the role of signal exchanges between pea and Rlv in the specificity of interaction between them but the knowledge of genetic determinants (Rlv or plant) of partner choice is limited when a pea line is in presence of a mixture of different Rlv strains. In the GRaSP project [5] two complementary approaches are used to address this issue. First, we study the genetic architecture of the trait of partner choice and look for loci that specifically control this trait through genome-wide association genetics. In parallel, we analyze the natural variation of several pea and Rlv genes known to control the symbiotic specificity and study the role of this variation in partner choice. Preferential associations of pea genotype/Rlv strain will be identified and checked for their BNF efficiency. The most promising associations in terms of competitiveness and efficiency will be tested in the field

GRaSP project Genetics of Rhizobia Selection by Pea

National audienceBecause of their ability to fix nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, legumes such as peas have an important role to play in the development of a sustainable agriculture. However, in the field, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) could be suboptimal as natural Rhizobium leguminosarum viciae (Rlv) populations are quantitatively and qualitatively heterogeneous, with strains varying in their competitiveness and efficiency of BNF [1,2]. There is a general agreement concerning the interest of Rlv inoculation for improving BNF and thus pea yield [3]. However, even when pea seeds are inoculated by efficient Rlv strains these can be outcompeted by indigenous rhizobia [4]. Previous work has shown the role of signal exchanges between pea and Rlv in the specificity of interaction between them but the knowledge of genetic determinants (Rlv or plant) of partner choice is limited when a pea line is in presence of a mixture of different Rlv strains. In the GRaSP project [5] two complementary approaches are used to address this issue. First, we study the genetic architecture of the trait of partner choice and look for loci that specifically control this trait through genome-wide association genetics. In parallel, we analyze the natural variation of several pea and Rlv genes known to control the symbiotic specificity and study the role of this variation in partner choice. Preferential associations of pea genotype/Rlv strain will be identified and checked for their BNF efficiency. The most promising associations in terms of competitiveness and efficiency will be tested in the field