Tracing Requirements and Source Code During Software Development

Traceability supports the software development process in various ways, amongst others, change management, software maintenance and prevention of misunderstandings. Traceability links between requirements and code are vital to support these development activities, e.g., navigating from a requirement to its realization in the code, and vice versa. However, in practice, traceability links between requirements and code are often not created during development because this would require increased development effort. This reduces the possibilities for developers to use these links during development. To address this weakness, this thesis presents an approach that (semi-) automatically captures traceability links between requirements and code during development. We do this by using work items from project management that are typically stored in issue trackers. The presented approach consists of three parts. The first part comprises a TIM consisting of artifacts from three different areas, namely requirements engineering, project management, and code. The TIM also includes the traceability links between them. The second part presents three processes for capturing traceability links between requirements, work items, and code during development. The third part defines an algorithm that automatically infers traceability links between requirements and code based on the interlinked work items. The traceability approach is implemented as an extension to the model-based CASE tool UNICASE, which is called UNICASE Trace Client. Practitioners and researchers have discussed the practice of using work items to capture links between requirements and code, but there has been no systematic study of this practice. This thesis provides a first empirical study based on the application of the presented approach. The approach and its tool support are applied in three different software development projects conducted with undergraduate students. The feasibility and practicability of the presented approach and its tool support are evaluated. The feasibility results indicate that the approach creates correct traceability links between all artifacts with high precision and recall during development. At the same time the practicability results indicate that the subjects found the approach and its tool support easy to use. In a second empirical study we compare the presented approach with an existing technique for the automatic creation of traceability links between requirements and code. The results indicate the presented approach outperforms the existing technique in terms of the quality of the created traceability links

Développement d’un protocole d’évaluation in-situ de l’efficacité des filtres des habitacles automobiles en situation de mobilité

International audienc

Development of a methodology to study the induced effects of PM from the railway environment on lung cells

International audienc

Performances of low-cost optical PM sensors for indoor air quality monitoring in mobility situations by car around Paris

In many industrialized countries, people spend more than one hour a day in their vehicles where particulate matter (PM) could reach high concentrations [1]. Though such a situation has become a matter of public concern, the lack of concentration data makes the monitoring of these ambiances difficult to apprehend. In order to tackle this challenge, attention is redirected towards the low-cost sensing units. Indeed, besides some interesting features such as portability, fast-deployment and cost, these devices can help to remotely characterize and monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of pollution sources [2]. However, once deployed, sensors information may be unreliable if uncertainties or intrinsic sensors’ limitations are not taken into consideration [3]. In this study, the objective is to evaluate performances of low-cost optical PM sensors under running conditions near the Paris ring-road and motorways. An appropriate field test campaign was designed and carried out within an instrumental car equipped with a GPS tracker and, reference and equivalent PM-measurement methods. For PM10 and PM2.5 values, data comparisons were performed across different seasons and pollution contexts (urban and semi-urban). Such an approach allowed to consider the influence of the inside car conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and the one associated to the physico-chemical nature and morphology of the particles encountered in vehicle environment. If this first campaign demonstrated the feasibility of the deployment of micro-sensors for indoor air quality monitoring in mobility situations, the results lead to conclude that some technological improvements have to be implemented to ensure their validation in respect to reference methods

Développement d'un protocole d'évaluation en chambre atmosphérique de préleveurs de particules employés dans le cadre d'études toxicologiques : (1) détermination des conditions de génération

International audienceThere is a need to find new techniques for sampling atmospheric particles to carry out toxicological analyses (e.g. in vitro). Current techniques use unsuitable media (filters) for the analyses. A new approach would be to test new technologies used in the field of bioaerosols, with different sampling media (e.g. sampling directly in a liquid). Unfortunately, the collection efficiencies of these technologies remain poorly known. The present abstract is focused on the development of a protocol for the evaluation of such samplers in atmospheric chambers. The first generations tests (tests of different generation parameters, choice of instruments) are presented.Les dispositifs de prélèvement de particules atmosphériques actuels ne permettent pas d'effectuer de façon satisfaisante des analyses toxicologiques, en raison de l'utilisation d'un support (filtres) pouvant induire un impact sur la modification physico-chimique des particules ce qui est peu adapté pour les analyses toxicologiques (e.g. in vitro). C'est pourquoi un intérêt est porté sur de nouvelles technologies utilisées dans le domaine des bioaérosols permettant des prélèvements directement dans un milieu approprié pour exposer ultérieurement les cellules (e.g. prélèvement en milieu liquide) mais dont l'efficacité de collecte selon la taille des particules est inconnue. Le papier présenté ici s'intéresse au développement d'un protocole d'évaluation de tels préleveurs en chambre atmosphérique, pour lever ces inconnues. Les premiers essais de générations (tests de différents paramètres de génération, choix du matériel) y sont présentés. In fine, l'objectif est d'appréhender la méthode la plus adaptée permettant une collecte suffisante de particules pour une meilleure sensibilité et induisant l'impact le plus limité sur la modification physico-chimique des particules pour les analyses toxicologiques