EXTRACCIÓN DE COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS DE LA CÁSCARA DE LIMA (Citrus limetta Risso) Y DETERMINACIÓN DE SU ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE

Los desechos que se tienen de la obtención de jugos son principalmente cáscara y bagazo, sin embargo son una buena fuente de compuestos fenólicos, mayoritariamente de flavonoides. El objetivo de este trabajo fue extraer y cuantificar el contenido fenólico de la cáscara de lima, así como su actividad antioxidante. Esto se determinó evaluando el mejor sistema de extracción de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides, teniendo como variables: tipo de solvente (metanol, acetona y hexano) y tamaño de partícula (tamiz 20 (T1) y 50 (T2)). La determinación de la actividad antioxidante se realizó mediante dos métodos ABTS•+ y DPPH•, comparando la efectividad entre ellos. El mejor modelo de extracción de los compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides fue utilizando metanol como solvente y un tamaño de partícula pequeño (300 μm). El valor más alto de actividad antioxidante (91,69 %) se obtuvo con el método ABTS•+, en los extractos con metanol y acetona, sin diferencias entre los tamices utilizados. La cáscara de lima tiene 8,79 mg EAG/g ms y 14,325 mg quercetina/g ms. La utilización de cáscara de lima representa una alternativa para el aprovechamiento de biocompuestos, que son considerados como sustitutos de los antioxidantes sintéticos existentes

Antimutagenicity of Methanolic Extracts from Anemopsis californica

Anemopsis californica has been used empirically to treat infectious diseases. However, there are no antimutagenic evaluation reports on this plant. The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity in relation to the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity properties of leaf (LME) and stem (SME) methanolic extracts of A. californica collected in the central Mexican state of Querétaro. Antioxidant properties and total phenols of extracts were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Mutagenicity was evaluated using the Ames test employing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, and TA102), with and without an aroclor 1254 (S9 mixture). Antimutagenesis was performed against mutations induced on the Ames test with MNNG, 2AA, or 4NQO. SME presented the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. None of the extracts exhibited mutagenicity in the Ames test. The extracts produced a significant reduction in 2AA-induced mutations in S. typhimurium TA98. In both extracts, mutagenesis induced by 4NQO or methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was reduced only if the exposure of strains was <10 μg/Petri dish. A. californca antioxidant properties and its capacity to reduce point mutations render it suitable to enhance medical cancer treatments. The significant effect against antimutagenic 2AA suggests that their consumption would provide protection against carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds

Prolonged release urea powder system with potential use in sustainable agriculture

With the aim of reducing nitrogen losses in the soil, a prolonged release system (SLIP) of urea powder encapsulated in a wheat gluten matrix was studied as a sustainable alternative for use in agriculture. SLIP was characterized using the techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermogravimetry (TGA). Subsequently, the kinetics of urea release in water were evaluated. Very porous structures were obtained and the existence of interactions through hydrogen bonds between urea and gluten proteins was confirmed and the thermal stability of SLIP was observed. The kinetics showed a rapid release of urea (38%) in the first 10 minutes, reaching the diffusion equilibrium (86.35%) at 36 hours, respectively. Urea SLIP has the potential characteristics to be used as a sustainable alternative for agriculture

Hongos Fitopatógenos Asociados Al Tomate (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) En La Zona Árida Del Noroeste De México: La Importancia De Su Diagnóstico

Tomato crops are among the most important vegetables cultivated worldwide, Mexico being one of the major producing countries. Large quantity of this crop is found in states belonging to the arid northwest of the country; the adaptation of these regions to vegetable production has been significant with the support of agricultural technology due to the use of protective structures for plants, such as greenhouses and shaded mesh. However, pests and diseases are a major biotic factor that significantly reduces production. There are more than 200 diseases associated with the nightshade of various etiologies. The process of identifying the cause of a disease in plants is called diagnosis. The diagnosis of plant diseases has been described as an art and a science; it requires scientific knowledge of plant pathology and related disciplines. Effective disease control requires making the best possible decisions to reduce the risk of serious production losses. Control strategies based on prevention of disease and methods that slow the spread of such diseases. Therefore, proper management of diseases affecting the tomato crop, knowledge and understanding of the diagnosis and its infectious cycle is vital and to establish effective control measures

APLICACIONES BIOMÉDICAS, TEXTILES Y ALIMENTARIAS DE NANOESTRUCTURAS ELABORADAS POR ELECTROHILADO

Se ha implementado el uso de nuevas nanoestructuras y técnicas que permitan producir nanopartículas para su aplicación en diversos sectores con la finalidad de mejorar los procesos e incrementar la productividad. Una de éstas es el método de electrohilado ó electrospinning, teniendo la característica de ser sencillo, de bajo costo y utilizar una gran variedad de materiales, convirtiéndolo en uno de los más utilizados. Las estructuras obtenidas poseen características únicas, entre ellas su gran área de contacto y alta porosidad. Debido a estas propiedades, las nanofibras presentan gran interés para ser aplicadas en diferentes áreas, como son la biomédica, textil y de alimentos obteniendo resultados benéficos

Poliploidía En Moluscos De Importancia Comercial. A Review

Polyploidy is a biotechnology that in the last decade had provided with an improvement method for mollusks in aquaculture. Triploids have three sets of chromosomes rather than the two carried by diploids. The third set has an effect on chromosomes synapsis, producing sterility during reproduction. That sterility is the most accepted cause for the better growth seen in triploids. Artificial induction to triploidy has some problems, which can be solved by the existence of tetraploids, which could be mated to diploids to produce biological triploids. Control strategies based on prevention of disease and methods that slow the spread of such diseases. Therefore, proper management of diseases affecting the tomato crop, knowledge and understanding of the diagnosis and its infectious cycle is vital and to establish effective control measures.However, the literature is limited when it comes to auscultating information related with the poliploidía in mollusks, it´s origin and the multiple biotechnologies that develop contemporary. This study was conducted to assess and meet the trend of existing research on polyploidy in commercially important shellfissh

SCREENING FITOQUÍMICO Y CAPACIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA DE HOJAS DE Tithonia tubaeformis

Poco se conoce sobre las aplicaciones y la naturaleza química de las sustancias y compuestos bioactivos de Thitonia tubaeformis. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la presencia de fenoles, flavonoides, saponinas, alcaloides, esteroides, taninos y cumarinas a través de reacciones químicas en extractos metanol-agua. El rendimiento de los extractos y la capacidad antiinflamatoria se cuantificaron usando extractos metanólicos. Estos se obtuvieron de plantas de diferentes regiones de Jalisco: Norte y Sur de La Barca (NB y SB), Ocotlán (NO y SO) y Tepatitlán (NT y ST). Se utilizó un diseño factorial con tres repeticiones usando la prueba de la mínima diferencia estadística (

Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Parkinsonia florida leaf extract and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles

In this work, the biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from a leaf extract of Parkinsonia florida (P. florida) is reported. The P. florida leaf extract was analyzed by a phytochemical screening, by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The phytochemical screening results indicated that biomolecules like carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, aminoacids, saponins, and flavonoids present in P. florida leaf extract might have participated in the chemical reduction of the metallic salts and further colloidal stabilization. The FT-IR results from leaf extract functional groups support the role of surface modification with the presence of residues of phenols, proteins, aminoacids, saponins, and flavonoids. The formation of metallic nanoparticles was confirmed by optical absorption spectroscopy with characteristic absorption bands at 550 nm and 430 nm, for gold and silver nanoparticles, respectively. Zeta potential for gold nanoparticles presents negative values in the range of 10 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mV, depending on the amount of leaf extract used during the synthesis reaction. Similarly, zeta potential values for silver nanoparticles were in the range of -5 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mV. STEM images revealed the average particles sizes in the range from 10 to 15 nm, and 10 to 57 nm, for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The silver nanoparticles presented good antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) [INFR-226208-2014, INFR-255791-2015]; CONACYTOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Changes in Antioxidant Properties of Leaf and Stem Extracts from Vitex mollis

Vitex mollis is used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of some ailments. However, there are no studies on what happens to the anti-inflammatory activity or antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of leaves and stem extracts of Vitex mollis during the digestion process; hence, this is the aim of this work. Methanolic, acetonic, and hexanic extracts were obtained from both parts of the plant. Extract yields and anti-inflammatory activity (elastase inhibition) were measured. Additionally, changes in antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) and total phenols content of plant extracts before and after in vitro digestion were determined. The highest elastase inhibition to prevent inflammation was presented by hexanic extracts (leaf = 94.63% and stem = 98.30%). On the other hand, the major extract yield (16.14%), antioxidant properties (ABTS = 98.51% and DPPH = 94.47% of inhibition), and total phenols (33.70 mg GAE/g of dried sample) were showed by leaf methanolic extract. Finally, leaf and stem methanolic extracts presented an antioxidant activity increase of 35.25% and 27.22%, respectively, in comparison to their initial values after in vitro digestion process. All samples showed a decrease in total phenols at the end of the digestion. These results could be the basis to search for new therapeutic agents from Vitex mollis