An application of EMS98 in a medium-sized city: The case of L’Aquila (Central Italy) after the April 6, 2009 Mw 6.3 earthquake

This paper describes the damage survey in the city of L’Aquila after the 6 April 2009 earthquake. The earthquake, whose magnitude and intensity reached Mw=6.3 and Imax=9–10 MCS, struck the Abruzzi region of Central Italy producing severe damage in L’Aquila and in many villages along theMiddle Aterno River valley. After the event, a building- to-building survey was performed in L’Aquila downtown aiming to collect data in order to perform a strict evaluation of the damage. The survey was carried out under the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS98) to evaluate the local macroseismic intensity. This damage survey represents the most complex application of the EMS98 in Italy since it became effective. More than 1,700 buildings (99% of the building stock) were taken into account during the survey at L’Aquila downtown, highlighting the difficult application of the macroseismic scale in a large urban context. The EMS98 revealed itself to be the best tool to perform such kind of analysis in urban settings. The complete survey displayed evidence of peculiar features in the damage distribution. Results revealed that the highest rate of collapses occurred within a delimited area of the historical centre and along the SW border of the fluvial terrace on which the city is settled. Intensity assessed for L’Aquila downtown was 8–9 EMS.Published67-801.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionaleJCR Journalrestricte

The Emilia 2012 sequence: a macroseismic survey

On May 20, 2012, at 4:03 local time (2:03 UTC), a large part of the Po Valley between the cities of Ferrara, Modena and Mantova was struck by a damaging earthquake (Ml 5.9). The epicenter was located by the Istituto Nazionale di Geo-fisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) seismic network [ISIDe 2010] at 44.889 ˚N and 11.228 ˚E, approximately 30 km west of Ferrara (Figure 1). The event was preceded by a foreshock that occurred at 01:13 local time, with a magnitude of Ml 4. The mainshock started an intense seismic sequence that lasted for weeks, counting more than 2,000 events, six of which had Ml >5. The strongest earthquakes of this sequence occurred on May 29, 2012, with Ml 5.8 and Ml 5.3, recorded at 9:00 and 12:55 local time, respectively. The epicenters of the May 29, 2012, events were located at the westernmost part of the rupture zone of the May 20, 2012, earthquake (Figure 2). The May 20 and 29, 2012, earthquakes were felt through the whole of northern and central Italy, and as far as Switzerland, Slovenia, Croatia, Austria, south-eastern France and southern Germany. Historical information reveals that the seismic activity in the Po Valley is moderate […

Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto emiliano del 23 dicembre 2008

Questa nota presenta una sintesi delle attività svolte durante il rilievomacrosismico del terremoto avvenuto tra le province di Parma e Reggio Emilia il 23 dicembre 2008. La scossa di Ml 5.2 è stata localizzata a sud di Parma ed è stata avvertita in tutta l’Italia settentrionale e in gran parte della Liguria e della Toscana. Il presente rapporto illustra lemodalità di intervento del teamQUEST, relative al rilievo degli effetti e alla valutazione in intensità MCS in particolare per le località della zona epicentrale. L’ampia documentazione fotografica illustra alcuni dettagli delle tipologie di danneggiamento rilevate e consente di comprendere meglio le valutazioni dell’intensità macrosismica. This paper presents an overview of the activities performed during the macroseismic field survey of the earthquake that occurred in the Parma and Reggio Emilia region on December 23, 2008. The mainshock (Ml=5.2), was located south of the city of Parma and was resolutely felt through Northern Italy. The report here presented shows the procedures carried out by QUEST (Quick Earthquake Survey Team), concerning the survey. QUEST has been engaged in gathering the damage information and in assessing the macroseismic intensity, in particular about the epicentral area. A copious photo collection shows details of the observed damage nature and allows to better illustrate the intensit

La Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS (RING) dell' INGV: una infrastruttura aperta per la ricerca scientifica

Since 2004, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is investing important energies for the creation of a continuous GPS network dislocated all over the Italian territory. Data transmission will occur in real time, integrating the experiences already existing in the different INGV institutes and developing a 3-yrs strategy for the new installations. The main targets of the network are represented by active tectonics studies, including also the seismological part as strain accumulation on faults. Within a 3-yrs funding project, it is expected, to realize for the scientific community an infrastructure which is comparable to those existing in countries where advanced crustal deformation studies are carried out. Thus, INGV have co-located the classical seismological instrumentation (broad band seismometers and accelerometers) with GPS receivers to observe and quantify the whole seismic cycle. In this short paper, we describe the CGPS network, the technological choices for the monumentation and the data transmission, the data and metadata management and, finally, the data policy and the deliverables.INGVUnpublishedreserve

An application of EMS98 in a medium-sized city: the case of l’Aquila (Central Italy) after the april 6, 2009 mw 6.3 earthquake

This paper describes the damage survey in the city of L’Aquila after the 6 April 2009 earthquake. The earthquake, whose magnitude and intensity reached Mw=6.3 and Imax=10 MCS, struck the Abruzzi region of Central Italy producing severe damage in L’Aquila and in many villages along the Middle Aterno River valley. After the event, a building-to-building survey was performed in L’Aquila downtown aiming to collect data in order to perform a strict evaluation of the damage. The survey was carried out under the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS98) to evaluate the local macroseismic intensity. This damage survey represents the most complex application of the EMS98 in Italy since it became effective. More than 1700 buildings (99% of the building stock) were taken into account during the survey at L’Aquila downtown, highlighting the difficult application of the macroseismic scale in a large urban context. The EMS98 revealed itself to be the best tool to perform such kind of analysis in urban settings. The complete survey displayed evidence of peculiar features in the damage distribution. Results revealed that the highest rate of collapses occurred within a delimited area of the historical centre and along the SW border of the fluvial terrace on which the city is settled. Intensity assessed for L’Aquila downtown was 8-9 EMS

The 2016–2017 earthquake sequence in Central Italy: macroseismic survey and damage scenario through the EMS-98 intensity assessment

In this paper we describe the macroseismic effects produced by the long and destructive seismic sequence that hit Central Italy from 24 August 2016 to January 2017. Starting from the procedure adopted in the complex field survey, we discuss the characteristics of the building stock and its classification in terms of EMS-98 as well as the issues associated with the intensity assessment due to the evolution of damage caused by multiple shocks. As a result, macroseismic intensity for about 300 localities has been determined; however, most of the intensities assessed for the earthquakes following the first strong shock on 24 August 2016, represent the cumulative effect of damage during the sequence. The earthquake parameters computed from the macroseismic datasets are compared with the instrumental determinations in order to highlight critical issues related to the assessment of macroseismic parameters of strong earthquakes during a seismic sequence. The results also provide indications on how location and magnitude computation can be strongly biased when dealing with historical seismic sequences.Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC)Published2407–24314T. Sismicità dell'Italia1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPCJCR Journa

An application of EMS98 in a medium-sized city: The case of L’Aquila (Central Italy) after the April 6, 2009 Mw 6.3 earthquake

This paper describes the damage survey in the city of L’Aquila after the 6 April 2009 earthquake. The earthquake, whose magnitude and intensity reached Mw=6.3 and Imax=9–10 MCS, struck the Abruzzi region of Central Italy producing severe damage in L’Aquila and in many villages along theMiddle Aterno River valley. After the event, a building- to-building survey was performed in L’Aquila downtown aiming to collect data in order to perform a strict evaluation of the damage. The survey was carried out under the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS98) to evaluate the local macroseismic intensity. This damage survey represents the most complex application of the EMS98 in Italy since it became effective. More than 1,700 buildings (99% of the building stock) were taken into account during the survey at L’Aquila downtown, highlighting the difficult application of the macroseismic scale in a large urban context. The EMS98 revealed itself to be the best tool to perform such kind of analysis in urban settings. The complete survey displayed evidence of peculiar features in the damage distribution. Results revealed that the highest rate of collapses occurred within a delimited area of the historical centre and along the SW border of the fluvial terrace on which the city is settled. Intensity assessed for L’Aquila downtown was 8–9 EMS

GPS observations of coseismic deformation following the May 20 and 29, 2012, Emilia seismic events (northern Italy): data, analysis and preliminary models

In May-July 2012, a seismic sequence struck a broad area of the Po Plain Region in northern Italy. The sequence in- cluded two ML >5.5 mainshocks. The first one (ML 5.9) oc- curred near the city of Finale Emilia (ca. 30 km west of Ferrara) on May 20 at 02:03:53 (UTC), and the second (ML 5.8) occurred on May 29 at 7:00:03 (UTC), about 12 km south- west of the May 20 mainshock (Figure 1), near the city of Mirandola. The seismic sequence involved an area that ex- tended in an E-W direction for more than 50 km, and in- cluded seven ML ≥5.0 events and more than 2,300 ML >1.5 events (http://iside.rm.ingv.it). The focal mechanisms of the main events [Pondrelli et al. 2012, Scognamiglio et al. 2012, this volume] consistently showed compressional kinematics with E-W oriented reverse nodal planes. This sector of the Po Plain is known as a region charac- terized by slow deformation rates due to the northwards mo- tion of the northern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt, which is buried beneath the sedimentary cover of the Po Plain [Pi- cotti and Pazzaglia 2008, Toscani et al. 2009]. Early global po- sitioning system (GPS) measurements [Serpelloni et al. 2006] and the most recent updates [Devoti et al. 2011, Bennett et al. 2012] recognized that less than 2 mm/yr of SW-NE short- ening are accommodated across this sector of the Po Plain, in agreement with other present-day stress indicators [Mon- tone et al. 2012] and known active faults [Basili et al. 2008]. In the present study, we describe the GPS data used to study the coseismic deformation related to the May 20 and 29 mainshocks, and provide preliminary models of the two seismic sources, as inverted from consensus GPS coseismic deformation fields

The RING GPS network: a research geodetic infrastructure to study plate boundary deformation in the Central Mediterranean

We present the INGV (Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology) geodetic research infrastructure and related facilities, dedicated to the observation and monitoring of current deformation of the plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. The recent increase of continuous GPS (CGPS) stations in the Central Mediterranean plate boundary zone offers the opportunity to study in detail the present-day kinematics of this actively deforming region. For answering all the open questions related to this complex area, INGV deployed a permanent, integrated and real-time monitoring CGPS network (RING) all over Italy. The RING network (http:/ring.gm.ingv.it) is now constituted by more than 150 stations. All stations have high quality GPS monuments and most of them are co-located with broadband or very broadband seismometers and strong motion sensors. The RING CGPS sites acquire at 1Hz and 30s sampling rates (some of them acquire at 10 Hz) and are connected in real-time to the INGV acquisition centers located in Roma and Grottaminarda. Real-time GPS data are transmitted using different systems, such as satellite systems, Internet, GPRS/UMTS and wireless networks. The differentiation of data transmission type and the integration with seismic instruments makes this network one of the most innovative CGPS networks in Europe. Furthermore, the INGV data acquisition centers acquire, archive and analyze most of the Italian CGPS stations managed by regional or national data providers (such as local Authorities and nation-wide industries), integrating more than 350 stations of the CGPS scientific and commercial networks existing in the Italian region. To manage data acquisition, storage, distribution and access we developed dedicated facilities including new softwares for data acquisition and a web-based collaborative environment for management of data and metadata. The GPS analysis is carried out with the three main geodetic-quality softwares used in the GPS scientific community: Bernese GAMIT an GIPSY-OASIS. The resulting daily solutions are aligned to the ITRF2005 reference frame. Stable plate reference frames are realized by minimizing the horizontal velocities at sites on the Eurasia and Nubia plates, respectively. The different software-related solutions consistency RMS is within 0.3 mm/yr (Avallone et al., 2010). The solutions are then evaluated with regard to the numerous scientific motivations behind this presentation, ranging from the definition of strain distribution and microplate kinematics within the plate boundary, to the evaluation of tectonic strain accumulation on active faults. The RING network is strongly contributing to the definition of GPS velocity field in the Italian region, and now is able to furnish a newly and up to date view of this actively deforming part of the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary. INGV is now aiming to make the RING (and integrated CGPS networks) data and related products publicly available for the scientific community. We believe that our network represents an important reality in the framework of the EPOS infrastructure and we strongly support the idea of an European research approach to data sharing among the scientific community. We will present (a) the current CGPS site distribution, (b) the technological description of the data acquisition, storage and distribution at INGV centers, (c) the results of CGPS data analysis, and (d) the planned data access for the scientific community.PublishedVienna, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-8626, 20111.9. Rete GPS nazionale3.2. Tettonica attivaope

The RING GPS network: a research geodetic infrastructure to study plate boundary deformation in the Central Mediterranean

We present the INGV (Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology) geodetic research infrastructure and related facilities, dedicated to the observation and monitoring of current deformation of the plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. The recent increase of continuous GPS (CGPS) stations in the Central Mediterranean plate boundary zone offers the opportunity to study in detail the present-day kinematics of this actively deforming region. For answering all the open questions related to this complex area, INGV deployed a permanent, integrated and real-time monitoring CGPS network (RING) all over Italy. The RING network (http:/ring.gm.ingv.it) is now constituted by more than 150 stations. All stations have high quality GPS monuments and most of them are co-located with broadband or very broadband seismometers and strong motion sensors. The RING CGPS sites acquire at 1Hz and 30s sampling rates (some of them acquire at 10 Hz) and are connected in real-time to the INGV acquisition centers located in Roma and Grottaminarda. Real-time GPS data are transmitted using different systems, such as satellite systems, Internet, GPRS/UMTS and wireless networks. The differentiation of data transmission type and the integration with seismic instruments makes this network one of the most innovative CGPS networks in Europe. Furthermore, the INGV data acquisition centers acquire, archive and analyze most of the Italian CGPS stations managed by regional or national data providers (such as local Authorities and nation-wide industries), integrating more than 350 stations of the CGPS scientific and commercial networks existing in the Italian region. To manage data acquisition, storage, distribution and access we developed dedicated facilities including new softwares for data acquisition and a web-based collaborative environment for management of data and metadata. The GPS analysis is carried out with the three main geodetic-quality softwares used in the GPS scientific community: Bernese GAMIT an GIPSY-OASIS. The resulting daily solutions are aligned to the ITRF2005 reference frame. Stable plate reference frames are realized by minimizing the horizontal velocities at sites on the Eurasia and Nubia plates, respectively. The different software-related solutions consistency RMS is within 0.3 mm/yr (Avallone et al., 2010). The solutions are then evaluated with regard to the numerous scientific motivations behind this presentation, ranging from the definition of strain distribution and microplate kinematics within the plate boundary, to the evaluation of tectonic strain accumulation on active faults. The RING network is strongly contributing to the definition of GPS velocity field in the Italian region, and now is able to furnish a newly and up to date view of this actively deforming part of the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary. INGV is now aiming to make the RING (and integrated CGPS networks) data and related products publicly available for the scientific community. We believe that our network represents an important reality in the framework of the EPOS infrastructure and we strongly support the idea of an European research approach to data sharing among the scientific community. We will present (a) the current CGPS site distribution, (b) the technological description of the data acquisition, storage and distribution at INGV centers, (c) the results of CGPS data analysis, and (d) the planned data access for the scientific community