Association of DRG1 and DRG2 with Ribosomes from Pea, Arabidopsis and Yeast

DRGs are highly conserved GTP binding proteins.All eukaryotes examined contain DRG1 and DRG2 orthologs. The first experimental evidence for GTP binding by a plant DRG1 protein and by DRG2 from any organism is presented. DRG1 antibodies recognized a single ~43-kDa band in plant tissues, whereas DRG2 antibodies recognized ~45-,43-,and 30-kDa bands.An in vitro transcription and translation assay suggested that the 45-kDa band represents full-length DRG2 and that the smaller bands are specific proteolytic products. Homogenates from pea roots and root apices were used to produce fractions enriched in cytosolic and microsomal monosomes and polysomes. DRG1 and the 45- and 43-kDa DRG2 bands occurred in the cytosol and associated with cytosolic monosomes.I n contrast,the 30-kDa form of DRG2 was strongly enriched in polysome fractions.Thus,DRG1and the larger forms of DRG2 may be involved in translational initiation, and the 30-kDa form of DRG2 may be involved in translational elongation.DRG1 and the 45-and43-kDa forms of DRG2 can reassociate with ribosomes in vitro, a process that is partially inhibited by GTP-y-S Cells expressing FLAG-tagged ribosomal proteins from transgenic lines of Arabidopsis and yeast also demonstrated DRG-ribosome interactions

Fractal Scales in a Schwarzschild Atmosphere

Recently, Glass and Krisch have extended the Vaidya radiating metric to include both a radiation fluid and a string fluid [1999 Class. Quantum Grav. vol 16, 1175]. Mass diffusion in the extended Schwarzschild atmosphere was studied. The continuous solutions of classical diffusive transport are believed to describe the envelope of underlying fractal behavior. In this work we examine the classical picture at scales on which fractal behavior might be evident.Comment: to appear in Class. Quantum Gra

The critical Ising lines of the d=2 Ashkin-Teller model

The universal critical point ratio $Q$ is exploited to determine positions of the critical Ising transition lines on the phase diagram of the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model on the square lattice. A leading-order expansion of the ratio $Q$ in the presence of a non-vanishing thermal field is found from finite-size scaling and the corresponding expression is fitted to the accurate perturbative transfer-matrix data calculations for the $L\times L$ square clusters with $L\leq 9$.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages, two figure

Challenges for CFD modeling of drift from air assisted orchard sprayers

Plant protection products (PPP) play an important role in providing high crop yields by minimizing risks associated with the occurrence of pests. Some of the sprayed material may however move beyond the intended target and results in drift to non-target objects. Modeling approaches help to understand, characterize and minimize spray drift using computer simulations rather than fiel