176 research outputs found
Effect of concentrate supplementation on fattening performance and carcass composition of finished meat-goat kids
ArticleA study on the effective usage of the concentrated feed supplement to Boer meat goat
kids was carried out within the framework of the project âZootechnical and economic efficiency
of feeding of fodder pulses to ruminantâs meat productionâ. Since the Boer goat breed in Latvia
is still very rare, there is a lack of experience in the feeding and production of meat goat for better
carcass traits and meat quality. This study was arranged in autumn period, using the Boer cross
breed male kids born in 2018. In control group (OG) four kids were kept together with mothers
till finishing and were fed by oats as concentrated feed supplement. In research group (BG) four
goat kids were weaned from mothers and placed in shed to explain influence of mix of 85% of
oats and 15% of fodder beans as protein supplement to the fattening outcomes. In the trial kids
were weighed at the starting and ending of the trial. Carcass quality is assessed according to the
European standard for the classification of carcasses of sheep, where EUROP letter designations
have been used to denote musculature development, and the fat deposition level is indicated by
numbers 1â5. The length of the carcass and the circumference of the hips were measured using
the tape measure. The carcasses were analyzed by type of tissue: muscle, bone, fat. The fastest
growing rate during the fattening period of 72 days was given to BG kids with a mean daily live
weight gain of 72 g, while the OG kids achieved 69 g. After slaughter, the carcass yield of OG
kids was from 42.5% to 51.4%, but for BG kids was 38.5% to 42.5%. The quality of the obtained
carcasses was an average, and score for musculature was from R to P class, but the average score
for fat deposition was from 2.25 to 2.75 points and higher fat cover was observed in BG kids.
Higher proportion of lean meat (59.1%) and fat tissues (16.3%) were observed to OG kids, but
higher proportion of bone (25.9%) was in BG kidâs carcasses. The consumption of concentrated
feed for 1 kg of live weight gain indicates the conversion of feed nutrients. The consumption of
oats per kilogram of live weight gain was 3.21 kg for OG kids, but the consumption of the feed
mix of oats and beans for BG kids was 2.83 kg. Based on physical parameters of goat kid carcass
and high level of lean meat, fattening of Boer cross breed goat kids by using of oats or feed mix
can be an ideal choice for farmers, which try to find new products and free market for consumers
The influence of dietary inclusion of peas, faba bean and lupin as a replacement for soybean meal on pig performance and carcass traits
ArticleThe effect of peas, faba
bean and lupin seed inclusion in growing and finishing pig
diets was evaluated. The control diet included soybean meal at 15%, but in the trial groups diets
peas were 15 or 28%, faba bean 20 or 25%, lupin seed 12 or 15%, completely replacing soybean
meal.
Diets formulated to be isoenergetic for ME and with the same crude protein content. The
faba bean and, especially, lupin seed meal inclusion in pig diets for growing per
iod significantly
reduced ADG
P
=
0.02 and 0.01
), and G : F was
also
signi
fi
cantly
influ
enced
(
P
=
0.02
) for pigs
in lupin seed meal groups. There were no effects on finisher pigs average daily gain, inclusion
peas or faba bean, daily gain were, respectively 892
±
19 and 915
±
11, 867
±
12 and 828
±
11,
except lupin seed meal (
P
=
0.04
) inclu
sion. There were no
significantly
effects on carcass quality
and to pork chemical content, but pigs fed the diets with peas 28% and faba bean 25% had less
of lean meat content, greater backfat thickness and internal fat than other groups which have a
simil
ar results. The muscle chemical content show that inclusi
o
n of pulses increased the total fat
content in pork. In conclusion, results from this experiment suggest that pigs fed peas and faba
bean have equal or slightly lower growth performance and carcass
traits than pigs fed soybean
meal, except lupin seed meal
Effect of replacement of coated barley grain with hulless barley in diet on growth, carcass and meat quality traits of fattening pigs
Received: January 31st, 2021 ; Accepted: May 27th, 2021 ; Published: June 1st, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] amount of experimental pigs were 40 crossbred pigs (Yorkshire Ă Landrace). The
initial body weight of pigs were average 27.0 kg. The goal of research was to assess the effect of
replacement of coated barley grain with hulless barley in diet on pig growth, carcass and pork
quality indices. Experimental groups of pigs on the holding were conducted according to age and
sex. For trial group of pigs, a compound feed with hulless barley (38.9â45.4%) was prepared, for
the control with coated barley (39.3â43.3%). The feed recipes made according the pigs age. The
other feed ingredients were not changed and were wheat, soybean meal and oil, premivit, and
from 20 till 70 kg liveweight also fish meal. Diets were formulated with the same of
metabolizable energy and crude protein content. During the study the live weight of pigs was
monitored and the feed consumption was counted. At the end of the study all pigs slaughtered,
determined carcasses traits and took samples of loin muscle for chemical analyses. The results
showed that pig fattening indices (daily liveweight gain were in control pig group 0.686 ± 0.183
and trial 0.716 ± 0.174) did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05), although its were
slightly lower in the control group pigs by 4.37%. Feed consumption for live weight gain in both
groups ranged from 3.14 to 3.25 kg. Carcasses scores showed significant differences in lean meat
and chops (P < 0.05). There were also differences in the backfat thickness. The thickness of
backfat was 2.62 mm less in the control pig group, which indicates that when feeding coated
barley to fattening pigs, the carcasses have a higher proportion of lean meat (62.1 ± 0.7%). Pigs
were slaughtered reaching a live weight of 110 to 114 kg. The meat yield 71.7% and moisture
level (70.2â75.2%), as well as protein (22.3â22.9%) indicators showed that fattening pigs are
sold at the optimal age. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that feeding hulless barley
to fattening pigs results in higher live weight gain. Carcass indicators showed a significantly
higher proportion of lean meat and weight of chops when pigs eating coated barley. Chemical
composition of pork in groups without significant differences
EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY OF SOYBEANS AND OBTAINED PRODUCT FEEDING EFFECT ON LACTATING SOWS AND THEIR OFFSPRINGS PRODUCTIVITY
The aim of study was to estimate the processing technology of soybeans produced in Latvia and to compare the possibilities of using the obtained soybean cake with imported soybean meal in the feeding of lactating sows and their offspring. From soybeans, which were processed into animal feed, we obtained a product with a high content of protein. The control group of sows and fattening pigs received the imported soybean meal mixed into the compound feed, but the trial groups compound feed was mixed with soybean cake grown and processed in Latvia. Fattening pigs were weighed regularly. Feed consumption was counted and feed conversion was calculated. Was determined meat quality, carcases weight, carcases length. The chemical composition of the manure was analysed. Statistical analysis of data was performed with SAS / STAT 9.22 software package. The inclusion of soy cakes grown and processed in Latvia in lactating sow feed increased sow milk yields traits by 3.9% at 21 day of piglet age. At the end of experiment higher live weight by 3.42% were found in the trial group. Carcass quality indicators and chemical composition of meat did not show significant differences. Was observed a tendency to decrease in manure the content of organic matter in the trial group by 3.25%, decrease levels of total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen compared to the control group. Using soybean cakes grown and processed in Latvia is possible to develop feed rations that showed similar pig growth results to imported soybean meal
Influence of local extruded soybean cake and imported soybean meal on fattening pig productivity and pork quality
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of feeding local and imported
soybean protein feeds to fattening pigs and examining it impact on the quality of pork. The trial
was created with 40 pigs divided in two groups (20 in each). Pigs in the control group received
imported soybean meal, in the trial group local farm grown in Latvia extruded soybean cake
mixed in the compound feed. The diets were designed to be nutritionally equivalent. For fattening
pigs each diet were available on an ad libitum basis to pens. During the study pigs were weighed
three times at 84, 140 and 190 days at age. Feed consumption, pig carcass traits and meat chemical
composition were determined. The final live weight in control group was 108.33 ± 2.904 kg and
in trial group was 111.88 ± 2.793 kg there were no significant difference (P > 0.05). Average
daily live weight gain in the all experimental period in control group was 0.779 ± 0.096 kg and
in trial group was 0.822 ± 0.103 kg, there were no significant difference (P > 0.05). Feed
consumption per kg of live weight in control group was 2.39 kg in trial group was 2.24 kg. Pig
carcass traits and meat chemical composition were similar for both groups without significant
differences (P > 0.05). Soybeans grown and processed in Latvia were equivalent to imported
soybeans and gives good rates of pig growth and quality of pork
The nutrition value of soybeans grown in Latvia for pig feeding
ArticleSoybean products are excellent sources of protein for pigs because their amino acid
profiles complement those of cereal grains. Soy protein is rich in the limiting amino acids lysine,
threonine, and tryptophan that are present in relatively low concentrations in the most commonly
fed cereal grains. Amino acids in soy protein are more digestible than amino acids in most other
plants proteins, which results in less nitrogen being excreted in the manure from pigs fed diets
containing soybean meal than if other protein sources are used. The phosphorus in soy products
is bound to phytic acid, which has a low digestibility to pigs, but the digestibility of phosphorus
in soy products may be increased to more than 60% if diets are supplemented with microbial
phytase. There are no much results about nutrition value of soybean growing in Latvia. Therefore
the aim of study was determined chemical composition of soybeans growing in Latvia and
evaluates their potential in pig feeding.
Research object were soybeans growing in Latvia. In the studied samples content of protein, fat,
ash, fibre, composition of amino acids were determined and metabolizable energy were
calculated. Evaluated that protein content varied from 32.7 till 40.7%, fat content was from
18.4â21.4% and significantly differed (p < 0.05) among growing places, but the sum of essential
amino acids in the soy beans determined 115â125 g kg-1
, and were not differed significantly by
varieties. The content of lysine in protein were determined 5.1â5.5 g 100 g
-1
. Concluded that soy
bean growing in Latvia provides equilibrium high metabolizable energy for pigs â from 13.2 to
17.6 MJ kg-1
and could be used in feed
Sexual abuse in day care centers: analysis and consequences of the phenomenon and the Amsterdam Sexual Abuse Case
openIn questo elaborato lâargomento trattato Ăš lâabuso sessuale negli asili nido o nei centri diurni, fenomeno che purtroppo come dimostrato dai dati Ăš in continua crescita e provoca forti conseguenze nei bambini e nei genitori o le famiglie coinvolte in generale. Inizialmente ho scelto di trattare lâargomento in modo piĂč generale al fine di poter successivamente comprendere al meglio i fattori specifici di questo fenomeno. Nei primi capitoli ho quindi fornito una descrizione dellâabuso sessuale, come riconoscerlo e valutarlo; successivamente ho trattato gli argomenti centrali della tesi, ovvero le modalitĂ in cui avviene la violenza ,le caratteristiche degli autori e lâanalisi di un caso del 2010 che attualmente Ăš tra i piĂč rilevanti al mondo riguardo lâabuso sessuale in centri di istruzione, ovvero lâAmsterdam Sexual Abuse Case e il conseguente studio longitudinale che indaga le conseguenze a lungo termine fino ad otto anni dallâaccaduto nei bambini abusati e nei genitori.
Infine, lâultima parte tratta delle conseguenze nella vita sessuale adulta dei sopravvissuti allâabuso e suddivide i soggetti secondo profili che evidenziano le loro debolezze, ma anche i loro punti di
forza in base ai risultati di questionari specifici
The assessment of learningâs precursors: an analysis of the characteristics of the new PRCR tasks.
openLâapprendimento delle abilitĂ accademiche quali lettura, scrittura e calcolo Ăš fondamentale per il futuro successo, sia scolastico che lavorativo. Ă ormai noto che lâacquisizione di queste competenze comincia ben prima dell'ingresso nella scuola dellâobbligo e che il successo del bambino Ăš determinato dal alcuni fattori cognitivi che svolgono la funzione di âanticipatoriâ di queste abilitĂ . In letteratura questi costrutti sono chiamati prerequisiti dellâapprendimento. La valutazione di questi precursori risulta indispensabile per prevenire le difficoltĂ che possono incombere in questi tre ambiti accademici. A questo proposito, lâobiettivo della presente tesi Ăš analizzare le caratteristiche delle prove di una nuova batteria di test: la PR-CR-3
Bryophytes: how to conquer an alien planet and live happily (ever after)
There are many push and pull factors that commonly drive individuals to leave their homeland. For example, escaping competition and occupying a novel habitat undoubtedly offer the advantage of new opportunities to pilgrims, but the absence of unfavorable biotic interactions can be counterbalanced by other antagonistic abiotic forces. After all, conquering an alien planet is not now nor ever was an easy task. We cannot know how many attempts and failures have punctuated the journey that led ancestral, photosynthetic organisms to leave the aquatic world and successfully establish on dry land. However, some traits developed by the ancestors of modern bryophytes that allowed them to adapt their life cycle to such a different habitat and persist there, have been undoubtedly identified
Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia
Received: January 31st, 2023 ; Accepted: May 8th, 2023 ; Published: May 26th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] cow productivity continuously increased in Latvia in recent years. Despite
decreasing numbers of dairy cow population dairy farms have been identified as an important
source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dairy sector emissions create the largest share of
enteric fermentation emissions as well as emissions from manure in housing facilities, during
long-term storage and field application within agriculture sector total emissions. The main
objective of this study is to present the results of trend analysis in the productivity of the dairy
sector and corresponding emission in Latvia. Research is focused on analysis of dairy cow
productivity and feeding strategies to quantify the effect of increasing milk yield on GHG
emissions. In the framework of this research, emissions were calculated and evaluated for low
and high productivity dairy cows according to the methodology of â2019 Refinement to the 2006
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventoriesâ. During the last decade dairy cow
productivity in Latvia has increased and the average milk yield in standard lactation was 8,320 kg
per year in 2021. It was observed that 60% of the total number of dairy cows met the requirements
of a high-productivity system, while 40% of the dairy cows belonged to low-productivity systems
in Latvia. Research results show that total GHG emissions for high-productivity system can reach
5.3 kt CO2 eq. per 1,000 cows per year, however, for low-productivity system the total amount
of emissions does not exceed 3.1 kt CO2 eq. per 1,000 cows
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