Development of English Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom with Blended Learning Approach Using Macromedia Flash at SMPN Satu Atap Tunda Island

The aim of the research is to create a learning media model for English that uses the Macromedia Flash program, as well as to assess the viability of utilizing Macromedia Flash-based learning media to assist English. This study is a Research and Development (R & D) project with several stages. (1) Analysis stages, such as identifying Learning Media objectives and student characteristics; (2) Design stages, such as designing learning materials and learning media design using the Macromedia Flash program; (3) Production stages, such as producing learning materials, authoring materials, and editing learning materials; (4) Stages of evaluation, including Material Expert Review, Media Expert Review, and Student Testing. The findings demonstrate that the English learning media products adhere to research and development guidelines and are successful in the learning process for SMPN Satu Atap Pulai Tunda students

KARAKTERISTIK PENGGERGAJIAN DAN PEMESINAN KAYU AREN (ARENGA PINNATA)

This paper discuses the results of study on the sawing and machining characteristics of aren wood (Arenga pinnata). The material used in this study consisted of 26 logs with diameter ranging from 23 cm to 42 cm. These logs were sawn using two cutting patterns, namely live sawing and round sawing. The parameters observed in the sawing procees comprised recovery, productivity  and power consumption.                                                                                              . The result of statistical analysis reveals non significant differences of  the effect  of  the two cutting patterns on sawing recovery and sawing productivity.  On the other hand, the location of bolt within the stem does not seem to have significant effect on power consumption. The average values of recovery, sawing productivity and power consumption of  Aren stem are respectively 13,48%, 6,09 m3/hour and 64,92 watt sec./cm2. The machining characteristic of aren wood was tested  in accordance with the modified ASTM D- 1666 (64).The material for  the test consisted of 25 samples for each machining property tested (planing, shaping, turning, boring and sanding). The result shows that aren wood has good to very good machining characteristic especially in planing, shaping, boring and sanding

Karakteristik Penggergajian dan Pemesinan Kayu Aren (Arenga Pinnata)

This paper discuses the results of study on the sawing and machining characteristics of aren wood (Arenga pinnata). The material used in this study consisted of 26 logs with diameter ranging from 23 cm to 42 cm. These logs were sawn using two cutting patterns, namely live sawing and round sawing. The parameters observed in the sawing procees comprised recovery, productivity and power consumption. .The result of statistical analysis reveals non significant differences of the effect of the two cutting patterns on sawing recovery and sawing productivity. On the other hand, the location of bolt within the stem does not seem to have significant effect on power consumption. The average values of recovery, sawing productivity and power consumption of Aren stem are respectively 13,48%, 6,09 m3/hour and 64,92 watt sec./cm2.The machining characteristic of aren wood was tested in accordance with the modified ASTM D- 1666 (64).The material for the test consisted of 25 samples for each machining property tested (planing, shaping, turning, boring and sanding). The result shows that aren wood has good to very good machining characteristic especially in planing, shaping, boring and sanding

Growth and profitability of smallholder sengon and teak plantations in the Pati district, Indonesia

Despite the ambitious target to establish 12.7 million ha of social forestry across Indonesia and various government support for smallholder private forests, implementation has been slow and financial returns for smallholders from timber production have been variable. For most smallholders, any motivation to plant trees competes with their interest in planting short term food or cash crops to support their family's livelihood. Moreover, lack of market knowledge and monetary need often sees smallholders sell their trees at below market prices, rather than at the optimum time for financial returns. Also, a limited understanding of silvicultural options to improve log quality further undermines the financial returns from timber production for smallholders. There are few studies from Indonesia that provide sufficient detail to be able to replicate the financial analysis and benchmark the results against key input variables (e.g., unit costs of production, timber yields by product and log size class, discount rate). Another deficiency is the lack of empirical data on the growth performance of existing smallholder plantations in Indonesia. This article reports on research to fill these knowledge gaps by using inventory data from smallholder plantations in Pati (Central Java) together with other data to develop silvicultural systems that were used to assess the profitability for smallholders of growing sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and teak (Tectona grandis) for timber. The results indicated that growing sengon on a 6-year rotation was profitable with an estimated net present value (NPV) of USD 1015 ha−1 (Rp 14,218,000 ha−1) at a real discount rate of 8, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 20. Growing teak on a 20-year rotation was also profitable with an NPV of USD 2815 ha−1 at a real discount rate of 8, and an IRR of 15. Although the NPV for teak was nearly three times that for sengon, in the long term (i.e., over perpetual rotations), the returns from sengon and teak were closer. Our results support the view that the best opportunity for enhancing smallholder returns from forestry lies in improving the common approach to silviculture, particularly the lack of effective pruning and thinning, to realise the financial potential of timber production

The Alleviation of Discoloration in Teak (Tectona Grandis L.f.) Wood Through Drying and Chemical Treatments

Teak wood is well known as one of the important wood species from Indonesia. The properties of this wood are quite good and delighted by many people. However, the wood processing may cause discoloration on some pieces or boards of this wood. This degrades the wood performance. The wood surface is slightly darkened. Dark-brown streaks often arise distinctly on the brown color of wood surface. Moreover, when the kiln-dried wood is re-exposed in the further process with a planner or a molder, the discoloration may still exist. The aim of this study was to find out an appropriate technique to alleviate discoloration on teak wood. The result showed that drying temperature was the most important factor in the discoloration of teak wood. Among chemical treatments in this experiment, the use of 3% Na2SO3 solution was the most effective way to alleviate discoloration on teak woo