Lane and pathway thickness: definition essay based on two case studies of algerian transport projects

La planificación y la ingeniería de la movilidad han considerado al camino como una simple línea continua que conecta un punto A con un punto B. En términos de transporte, estos puntos son concebidos como lugares situados en el espacio-tiempo, mientras que su conexión sería un no-lugar que es necesario reducir en tiempo de recorrido y/o distancia. Esta representación, relacionada con la movilidad, no refleja la realidad del camino ni su espesor territorial. En cambio, él implica a una multiplicidad de actividades, temporalidades y representaciones que se superponen, como un palimpsesto, y lo hacen un lugar como cualquier otro. Entonces, la línea es solo una representación que no refleja la realidad, ya que ésta incluye porciones del territorio a ambos lados del camino. El artículo contribuye primero distinguir entre espesor vertical y horizontal. Luego, explora algunos métodos de identificación y caracterización del espesor, que toman a la escala local y al caminar como referencias, y que muestran la dificultad de delimitarlo en diferentes escalas. El texto se articula a través de dos casos en Argelia, que muestran cómo la planificación del transporte, a escala nacional y regional, niega este espesor territorial y perturba los sistemas de caminos a escala local. Planning and transport engineering have for a long time considered pathways and lanes as continuous lines connecting a point A to a point B. In terms of transport, those points are considered as places located in the space-time, while the link between them is considered as a “no-place” that should be reduced in terms of travel time or distance. This transport and mobility representation does not take into consideration the reality of pathways’ territorial thickness. The latter relates on the first hand to the multiplicity of activities, temporalities and representations that are overlaid on each other like a palimpsest. On the other hand, thinking in terms of lines is quite reductive. It denies the fact that a line has a thickness that includes a part of the crossed territory on both sides of the line itself. This paper will contribute first to define the territorial thickness of pathways or lanes. It will distinguish between vertical and horizontal thickness. Then, the text will explore methods to identify and characterize it. Finally, through two case studies in Algeria, we will show how transport planning at local as well as regional scales denies this thickness and disturbs lanes and pathways systems.

Focus Formation by a Murine Sarcoma-Leukemia Virus Complex: II. Quantitative Aspects of the Interaction Between Radiation Leukemia Virus and Its Murine Sarcoma Virus Pseudotype in Strain C57BL Mouse Embryo Cells

A quantitative study has been made of the interactions between radiation leukemia virus (RadLV), its murine sarcoma virus pseudotype, and their C57BL host cells. The elimination of interference phenomena by delayed infection of cells with RadLV made possible the quantitative determination of the pseudotype in terms of defective sarcoma and endogenous RadLV particles. This in turn permitted the quantitative assessment of RadLV helper activity and of the various factors which influence the accuracy and sensitivity of the helper assay

Biological and serological characterization of radiation leukemia virus.

Radiation leukemia virus, isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in C57BL/Ka mice and propagated in that strain, is thymotropic and leukemogenic in vivo but replicates poorly, if at all, in mouse and mink fibroblast cultures in vitro. Comparative studies indicate that this naturally occurring virus is distinct from the previously recognized classes of endogenous murine ecotropic and xenotropic C-type viruses which are capable of replication on fibroblasts (fibrotropic) but are neither thymotropic nor leukemogenic. These studies also demonstrate that a differentiation-specific restriction system governing the replication of the murine ecotropic C-type viruses operates in addition to the previously defined Fv-1 and SRV gene restriction systems

Site 3 : CityGate 3., Biestebroeck area

The essay presents the results of the work of group 3 of the masterclass '(Deisigning) Urban Production', organised by Metrolab Brussels, which was held in Brussels between January and February 2020. Part I

Area 3 : Biestebroeck

The essay presents the results of the work of group 3 of the masterclass '(Deisigning) Urban Production', organised by Metrolab Brussels, which was held in Brussels between January and February 2020