Brincar de permaculturar: um caminho educacional traçado pelas mãos

TCC (especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Educação. Curso de Especialização em Permacultura.O Brincar de Permaculturar: um caminho educacional traçado pelas mãos, teve como intenção contribuir com estratégias pedagógicas para a realização do planejamento permacultural inicial de uma determinada área territorial a partir da Leitura da Paisagem e do Mapeamento dos Setores. Foram confeccionados o Livro Interativo e o Diário Permacultural, analógico e virtual (pelo google forms) para serem utilizados por um/a mediador/a com conhecimento básico em Permacultura, como ferramenta de ensino-aprendizagem para um grupo de pessoas interessadas em aprender sobre esta ciência. A proposta de intervenção pedagógica sugere que o/a mediador/a, antes de introduzir o estudo de cada um dos conceitos da permacultura, faça uma Sondagem, para verificar quais são os conhecimentos do grupo referente aos conceitos e ao final do estudo de cada conceito, que a aprendizagem seja registrada e comparada com a Sondagem. Sendo assim, identificará como e quais foram os avanços sobre o conceito estudado. A confecção do Livro Interativo e do Diário Permacultural, o conteúdo e a forma de utilizar o material foram descritas detalhadamente com o intuito de auxiliar o mediador/a afazer uso desses recursos pedagógicos na forma de um Guia. O Diário Permacultural, dividido em seções e subseções, está destinado à sistematização dos registros realizados antes, durante e após a leitura do Livro Interativo. Pode cumprir a função de um caderno para anotar fontes de consultas, materiais estudados ou encontrados pelo caminho, histórias e narrativas de vizinhos, análises, dúvidas, imagens etc. O Livro Interativo, em 15 folhas de papel cartão Kraft, propõe a utilização de jogos de mesa para introduzir os conceitos da Permacultura, dos Princípios Éticos e de Planejamento, sobre Lógica do Planejamento Permacultura, de Leitura da Paisagem e Mapeamento dos Setores e na compreensão dos Elementos. O Livro Interativo faz uso de jogos de construção para definir o território onde será feito o planejamento permacultural, alocar os elementos na maquete que representará em escala o território escolhido pelo grupo e encontrar a posição relativas dos elementos na paisagem. O Brincar de Permaculturar foi projetado e confeccionado, todavia, pelo contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19, não chegou a ser utilizado com um grupo de pessoas. Fica a sugestão de que seja feito um estudo aplicado, dando continuidade à qualificação desta ferramenta de ensino-aprendizagem da Permacultura.The Play of Permaculture: an educational path traced by the hands, aimed to contribute with pedagogical strategies for the realization of the initial permacultural planning of a determined territorial area from the Landscape Reading and the Sector Mapping. The Interactive Book and the Permacultural Diary, analog and virtual (by google forms) were created to be used by a mediator with basic knowledge in Permaculture, as a teaching-learning tool for a group of people interested in learning about this science. The pedagogical intervention proposal suggests that the mediator, before introducing the study of each of the permaculture concepts, carry out a survey to verify the group's knowledge regarding the concepts and at the end of the study of each concept , that the learning be recorded and compared with the Survey. Therefore, it will identify how and what were the advances on the studied concept. The making of the Interactive Book and the Permacultural Diary, the content and the way of using the material were described in detail with the aim of helping the mediator to make use of these pedagogical resources in the form of a Guide. The Permacultural Diary, divided into sections and subsections, is intended for the systematization of records made before, during and after reading the Interactive Book. It can fulfill the function of a notebook to write down sources of consultations, materials studied or found along the way, stories and narratives from neighbors, analyses, doubts, images, etc. The Interactive Book, on 15 sheets of Kraft paper, proposes the use of board games to introduce the concepts of Permaculture, Ethical and Planning Principles, on Permaculture Planning Logic, Landscape Reading and Sector Mapping and understanding of the Elements. The Interactive Book uses construction games to define the territory where the permacultural planning will be carried out, allocate the elements in the model that will represent the territory chosen by the group in scale and find the relative position of the elements in the landscape. Brincar de Permaculturar was designed and made, however, due to the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, it was not used with a group of people. It is suggested that an applied study be carried out, giving continuity to the qualification of this teaching-learning tool of Permaculture

Layer-by-layer biofunctionalization of nanostructured porous silicon for high-sensitivity and high-selectivity label-free affinity biosensing

Nanostructured materials premise to revolutionize the label-free biosensing of analytes for clinical applications, leveraging the deeper interaction between materials and analytes with comparable size. However, when the characteristic dimension of the materials reduces to the nanoscale, the surface functionalization for the binding of bioreceptors becomes a complex issue that can affect the performance of label-free biosensors. Here we report on an effective and robust route for surface biofunctionalization of nanostructured materials based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic nano-assembly of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes, which are engineered with bioreceptors to enable label-free detection of target analytes. LbL biofunctionalization is demonstrated using nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) interferometers for affinity detection of streptavidin in saliva, through LbL nano-assembly of a bi-layer of positively-charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and negatively-charged biotinylated poly(methacrylic acid) (b-PMAA). High sensitivity in streptavidin detection is achieved, with high selectivity and stability, down to a detection limit of 600 fM

Простір публічних комунікацій сучасних релігійних організацій

Porous aluminum oxide (PAO) is a nanoporous material used for various (bio)­technological applications, and tailoring its surface properties via covalent modification is a way to expand and refine its application. Specific and complex chemical modification of the PAO surface requires a stepwise approach in which a secondary reaction on a stable initial modification is necessary to achieve the desired terminal molecular architecture and reactivity. We here show that the straightforward initial modification of the bare PAO surface with bromo-terminated phosphonic acid allows for the subsequent preparation of PAO with a wide scope of terminal reactive groups, making it suitable for (bio)­functionalization. Starting from the initial bromo-terminated PAO, we prepared PAO surfaces presenting various terminal functional groups, such as azide, alkyne, alkene, thiol, isothiocyanate, and <i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). We also show that this wide scope of easily accessible tailored reactive PAO surfaces can be used for subsequent modification with (bio)­molecules, including carbohydrate derivatives and fluorescently labeled proteins

Nanoscale Photoluminescence Manipulation in Monolithic Porous Silicon Oxide Microcavity Coated with Rhodamine-Labeled Polyelectrolyte via Electrostatic Nanoassembling

Porous silicon (PSi) is a promising material for future integrated nanophotonics when coupled with guest emitters, still facing challenges in terms of homogenous distribution and nanometric thickness of the emitter coating within the silicon nanostructure. Herein, it is shown that the nanopore surface of a porous silicon oxide (PSiO2) microcavity (MC) can be conformally coated with a uniform nm-thick layer of a cationic light-emitting polyelectrolyte, e.g., poly(allylamine hydrochloride) labeled with Rhodamine B (PAH-RhoB), leveraging the self-tuned electrostatic interaction of the positively-charged PAH-RhoB polymer and negatively-charged PSiO2 surface. It is found that the emission of PAH-RhoB in the PSiO2 MC is enhanced (≈2.5×) and narrowed (≈30×) at the resonant wavelength, compared with that of PAH-RhoB in a non-resonant PSiO2 reference structure. The time-resolved photoluminescence analysis highlights a shortening (≈20%) of the PAH-RhoB emission lifetime in the PSiO2 MC at the resonance versus off-resonance wavelengths, and with respect to the reference structure, thereby proving a significant variation of the radiative decay rate. Remarkably, an experimental Purcell factor Fp = 2.82 is achieved. This is further confirmed by the enhancement of the photoluminescence quantum yield of the PAH-RhoB in the PSiO2 MC with respect to the reference structure. Application of the electrostatic nanoassembling approach to other emitting dyes, nanomaterials, and nanophotonic systems is envisaged

Bioresorbable Nanostructured Chemical Sensor for Monitoring of pH Level In Vivo

Here, the authors report on the manufacturing and in vivo assessment of a bioresorbable nanostructured pH sensor. The sensor consists of a micrometer-thick porous silica membrane conformably coated layer-by-layer with a nanometer-thick multilayer stack of two polyelectrolytes labeled with a pH-insensitive fluorophore. The sensor fluorescence changes linearly with the pH value in the range 4 to 7.5 upon swelling/shrinking of the polymer multilayer and enables performing real-time measurements of the pH level with high stability, reproducibility, and accuracy, over 100 h of continuous operation. In vivo studies carried out implanting the sensor in the subcutis on the back of mice confirm real-time monitoring of the local pH level through skin. Full degradation of the pH sensor occurs in one week from implant in the animal model, and its biocompatibility after 2 months is confirmed by histological and fluorescence analyses. The proposed approach can be extended to the detection of other (bio)markers in vivo by engineering the functionality of one (at least) of the polyelectrolytes with suitable receptors, thus paving the way to implantable bioresorbable chemical sensors

CERTIFICAÇÃO LEED E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NAS CONSTRUÇÕES BRASILEIRAS

A preocupação não só com a vida no planeta, mas com a qualidade de vida emergiu como foco de governantes, mídia e comunidades acadêmicas. A procura por construções sustentáveis vem crescendo em vários países, inclusive no Brasil que em 2015 ocupava o 5° lugar no ranking de empreendimentos registrados na certificação LEED. O desenvolvimento sustentável é um modelo de desenvolvimento capaz de garantir uma evolução durável que se sustente através dos tempos e com sucessão de gerações. Atualmente a sustentabilidade é um dos principais assuntos quando se trata da preocupação ambiental que a construção teve em todas suas etapas, tendo a certificação LEED como uma das principais bases para medir o desempenho ambiental de design, construção e manutenção de edifício buscando motivar e acelerar o desenvolvimento de práticas sustentáveis por meio da criação e implementação de critérios de desempenho e ferramentas universalmente entendidas e aceitas. Neste trabalho são relatados os fatores relacionados à certificação LEED e sua importância nas construções civis brasileiras através de revisão bibliográficas acerca do tema para seu embasamento. Portanto, torna-se fundamental o despertar da sociedade e de toda a cadeia produtiva do segmento da construção civil para repensar não só a metodologia LEED, mas também o comportamento e a responsabilidade de cada um na criação de espaços urbanos para se viver e trabalhar, realmente mais sustentáveis. Ao analisar esse estudo foi possível verificar que obter a certificação não é simples e são necessários uma série de procedimentos para o mesmo além de despertar na sociedade e de toda a cadeia produtiva do segmento da construção civil para repensar não só a metodologia LEED, mas também o comportamento e a responsabilidade de cada um na criação de espaços urbanos para se viver e trabalhar, realmente mais sustentáveis

Biofunctionalized nanoporous aluminum oxide culture chips : for capture and growth of bacteria

Porous aluminum oxide (PAO) is a nanostructured material used for various biotechnological applications, including the culturing microorganisms and other types of cells. The ability to chemically modify the PAO surface and tailor its surface properties is a promising way to expand and refine its applications. The immobilization of biomolecules on PAO that specifically interact with and bind to target bacteria would enable the capture and subsequent growth of bacteria on the same surface, and this was the ultimate goal of the research presented in this thesis. After a general introduction to the overall subject of this thesis, presented in Chapter 1, the most commonly used and recent methods to prepare glycosurfaces are reviewed and compared on their merits and drawbacks in Chapter 2. Although there are a great number of techniques, the main challenge that still remains is to develop an accessible, reproducible and inexpensive approach that produces well-defined and stable glycosurfaces using as few steps as possible. The most used analytical techniques for the characterization of glycosurfaces and several applications of these surfaces in the binding, capture, and sensing of bacteria and bacterial toxins were also discussed in Chapter 2. Biofunctionalization of surfaces in general requires a stepwise approach, in which it is very important to have a stable monolayer as the first step. At the beginning of this research it was known that various functional groups were able to react with (porous) aluminum oxide, but there was no comprehensive study comparing the stability of these modified surfaces under the conditions that are important for microbiological applications. In Chapter 3, the PAO surface was modified with various functional groups known to react with PAO (carboxylic acid, α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, alkyne, alkene, phosphonic acid, and silane), and the stability of these modified surfaces was assessed over a range of pH and temperatures that are relevant for microbial growth. Silane and phosphonate-modified PAO surfaces with a hydrophobic monolayer proved to be the most stable ones, but the phosphonate modification was both more easily applied and reproducible. This modification was stable for at least two weeks in buffer solutions with pH values between 4 and 8, and at temperatures up to 40 °C. Only at elevated temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C under hydrolytic conditions it was observed that the stability of the same monolayer on PAO decreased gradually. As a proof-of-principle for the biofunctionalization and bacterial capture on this PAO phosphonate monolayer, an alkyne-terminated monolayer was biofunctionalized via a CuAAC click reaction with an azido-mannoside and the binding and growth of Lactobacillus plantarum was successfully demonstrated. In Chapter 4 various approaches to install reactive groups onto the phosphonate-modified PAO surface were developed, creating a (bio)functionalization “tool-box”. PAO surfaces presenting different terminal reactive groups were prepared, such as azide, alkyne, alkene, thiol, isothiocyanate, and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), starting from a single, straightforward and stable initial modification with a bromo-terminated phosphonic acid. These reactive surfaces were then used to immobilize (bio)molecules, including carbohydrates and proteins. Fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) was covalently immobilized on the PAO surface as a proof-of-principle, and it was shown that a range of bacteria could still grow on the BSA-functionalized PAO surface. With a PAO (bio)functionalization tool-box in hand, the successful proof-of-principle mannoside-dependent binding and growth of L. plantarum on PAO (Chapter 3) was further investigated and expanded upon (Chapter 5). The parameters involved in the preparation of these surfaces and in the binding with L. plantarum were investigated in more detail in Chapter 5, such as the nature of the spacer connected to the mannoside derivative and the presence of soluble carbohydrates and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the medium. The surfaces with the azido-mannoside with the long hydrophobic spacer showed the best binding of L. plantarum when compared to a long PEG-based hydrophilic spacer and a short hydrophobic one. The presence of a soluble a-glucoside did not prevent the binding of the bacteria to the mannose-presenting PAO, and similar results were obtained when BSA was present. Additionally, a mutant strain of L. plantarum that does not have the mannose-specific adhesion was not able to bind to the mannose-presenting PAO. When taken together, this proves that the mannoside–adhesin interaction is the main mechanism of binding the bacteria to the mannose-biofunctionalized PAO in this system. In Chapter 6, the NHS-terminated PAO developed in Chapter 4 was used for the immobilization of antibodies against Escherichia coli. After an extensive optimization of the modification chemistry of the surfaces and the incubation conditions, commercially available anti-E. coli antibodies were immobilized on the PAO surface. Binding and washing experiments indeed demonstrated increased binding of E. coli on the antibody-presenting PAO surfaces, providing avenues for testing other bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG widely used in probiotic formulations worldwide. In Chapter 7, the most important achievements of this project are discussed, together with additional ideas and recommendations for further research. Most notably some preliminary results are presented on the immobilization of two antibodies against L. rhamnosus GG: anti-L. rhamnosus GG, against the whole bacterial cell, and anti-SpaC, against only the SpaC part of the pili present on the cell surface of L. rhamnosus GG. Anti-L. rhamnosus GG antibody showed promising but not yet optimal increased binding of L. rhamnosus GG. Finally, some reflections on PAO and its (bio)functionalization are provided in the context of a risk analysis and technology assessment. </p